Lecture 02
Python – Basic Operations
Lecture 02
Python – Basic Operations
Number and Types
STRING
▪ Any data type surrounded by quotation mark (either
single or double quotation) is coined as string.
MULTILINE STRING
▪ Multiline string need multi quotation.
STRING LENGTH
▪ String length includes the alphabets and spaces as
well.
CHECK STRING
▪ You can check string if it’s present or not by using
keyword ‘in’
Lecture 02
Python – Basic Operations
String Operator
>>> s = 'a\nb\tc'
>>> s
'a\nb\tc'
>>> print(s)
a
bc
>>> S = 'Spam' # Make a 4-character
string, and assign it to a name
>>> len(S) # Length
4
>>> S[0] # The first item in S, indexing
by zero-based position
'S'
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Python – Basic Operations
Slicing
>>> S[1:3] # Slice of S from offsets 1 through 2 (not 3)
'pa'
>>> S[1:] # Everything past the first (1:len(S))
'pam'
>>> S # S itself hasn't changed
'Spam'
Strings are immutable in Python i.e. they cannot be changed in place after
they are created. For example, a string can‘t be changed by assigning to
one of its positions, but new string can always be assigned to the same
string. Because Python cleans up old objects
>>> S
'Spam'
>>> S[0] = 'z' # Immutable objects cannot be changed
...error text omitted...
Lecture 02
Python – Basic Operations
>>> S[0] = 'z' # Immutable objects cannot be changed
...error text omitted...
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
>>> S = 'z' + S[1:] # But we can run expressions to make new
objects
>>> S
'zpam'
>>> 'abc' + 'def' # Concatenation: a new string
'abcdef'
>>> 'Ni!' * 4 # Repetition: like "Ni!" + "Ni!" + ...
'Ni!Ni!Ni!Ni!'
Lecture 02
Python – Basic Operations
▪ In Python, we can also index backward, from the end—positive indexes count from
the left, and negative indexes count back from the right:
>>> S[-1] # The last item from the end in S
'm'
>>> S[-2] # The second-to-last item from the end
>>> S # A 4-character string
'Spam'
Lecture 02
Python – Basic Operations
Extended Slicing
The third parameter in square #Output:retupmoC
bracket defines a=s[1:5:1]
Difference between the indexes print(a)
to be printed on output # Output:ompu
Direction of access i.e. negative a=s[1:5:2]
difference define the access print(a)
direction from right to left # Output:op
a=s[5:1:-1]
s='Computer' print(a)
a=s[::-1] # Output:tupm
print(a)
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Python – Basic Operations
Data Type Conversion
>>> "42" + 1
TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly
>>> int("42"), str(42) # Convert from/to string
(42, '42')
>>> S = "42"
>>> I = 1
>>> S + I
TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly
>>> int(S) + I # Force addition
43
>>> S + str(I) # Force concatenation
'421'
Lecture 02
Python – Basic Operations
Python Operators
Python divides the operators in the following groups:
▪ Arithmetic operators
▪ Assignment operators
▪ Comparison operators
▪ Logical operators
▪ Identity operators
▪ Membership operators
▪ Bitwise operators
Lecture 02
Python – Basic Operations
Arithmetic Operators
▪ It deals with numeric values and common mathematical operations
Operator Name Example
+ Addition x+y
- Subtraction x-y
* Multiplication x*y
/ Division x/y
% Modulus x%y
** Exponentiation x ** y
// Floor division x // y
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Python – Basic Operations
Assignment Operators
▪ It assign values and assess in operations
Operator Example Same As
= x=5 x=5
+= x += 3 x=x+3
-= x -= 3 x=x-3
*= x *= 3 x=x*3
/= x /= 3 x=x/3
%= x %= 3 x=x%3
//= x //= 3 x = x // 3
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Python – Basic Operations
**= x **= 3 x = x ** 3
&= x &= 3 x=x&3
|= x |= 3 x=x|3
^= x ^= 3 x=x^3
>>= x >>= 3 x = x >> 3
<<= x <<= 3 x = x << 3
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Python – Basic Operations
Comparison Operators
▪ Comparison between two values can be made by using comparison operators.
Operator Name Example
== Equal x == y
!= Not equal x != y
> Greater than x>y
< Less than x<y
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y
<= Less than or equal to x <= y
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Python – Basic Operations
Logical Operators
▪ Conditional statements requires logical operators.
Operator Description Example
and Returns True if both statements x < 5 and x < 10
are true
or Returns True if one of the x < 5 or x < 4
statements is true
not Reverse the result, returns False if not(x < 5 and x < 10)
the result is true
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Python – Basic Operations
Identity Operators
▪ Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are
actually the same object, with the same memory location:
Operator Description Example
is Returns True if both variables are x is y
the same object
is not Returns True if both variables are x is not y
not the same object
Lecture 02
Python – Basic Operations
Identity Operators
▪ Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are
actually the same object, with the same memory location:
Operator Description Example
is Returns True if both variables are x is y
the same object
is not Returns True if both variables are x is not y
not the same object
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Python – Basic Operations
Membership Operators
▪ Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object:
Operator Description Example
in Returns True if a sequence with x in y
the specified value is present in
the object
not in Returns True if a sequence with x not in y
the specified value is not
present in the object
Lecture 02
Python – Basic Operations
Bitwise Operators
▪ It is used in binary number operations.
Operat Name Description
or
& AND Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
| OR Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
^ XOR Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
~ NOT Inverts all the bits
<< Zero fill Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the
left shift leftmost bits fall off
>> Signed Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from
right shift the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off
Lecture 02
Python – Basic Operations
Python Operators
▪ Operations are mainly performed on values and variables.
▪ Routine mathematical operations like subtraction, multiplication and division can be
performed in the similar way as addition operation performed below:
>>> 123+456 #Addition
579
>>> 123**2 #Power
15129
>>> 2.0 >= 1 # Greater than or equal: mixed-type 1 converted to 1.0
True
>>> 2.0 == 2.0 # Equal value
True
>>> 2.0 != 2.0 # Not equal value
False
Lecture 02
Python – Basic Operations
Basic arithmetic operator examples
Add
Subtract
Multiply
Divide
Floor Division
Exponent
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Python – Basic Operations
Comparison operator examples
Greater than
Less than
Equal to
Not Equal to
Greater than or equal to
Less than or equal to
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Python – Basic Operations
Logical operator examples
And
Or
Not
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Python – Basic Operations
Identity operator examples
Is
Is not
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Python – Basic Operations
Membership operator examples
In
Not in
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Python – Basic Operations
Square Root
OUTPUT
Lecture 02
Python – Basic Operations
Thank you!