Kandahar University

Computer Science Faculty

Network department

Network Routing and Switching

Lecture 4- Chapter 4
Network Layer
Router Introduction & Basic Configuration

Lecturer: TA. Shams Rashidy

Google Classroom: ( )
 Router
 Router are using to connect distance and different networks router works
under network layer
 Also called layer 3 device
 Function of router is best path selection internetwork and packet filtering
 Types of routers
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]- means multi services
Those routers in which we can add extra cards Like vice cards wireless
cards and security cards
2-ISR stand for integrated service router
Those router in which all the features are built in Called ISR router
 IOS
 Stand for internetwork operating system
 IOS is operating system of router which run router and most Cisco
switches
 It was CISCO proprietary of IOS
 The first IOS of Cisco was written by American
 Scientist William Yeager in 1986
 Memories
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
1. RAM stand for random access memory
 Current configuration of router stores are store in RAM
 RAM also called volatile memory
 NVRAM
 Stand for Non Volatile random access memory
 Permanent configuration are store in NVRAM
 NVRAM like hard disk drive
[Link]
 Also called EEPROM
 Stand for electrical erasable programmable
 Read only memory
 IOS are store in flash
 ROM
 Stand for Read only memory
 ROM minor image of IOS are store in ROM
 All modes or router are exits in ROM
 Router interfaces
 [Link] interface use in old technology to connect one router to anther
router
 [Link] Ethernet are using to connect router with LAN means router
connect with switch
 [Link] port Is using to configure router
 4. Auxiliary port are using to configure router through internet by using
dialup connection
 Router boot process
 When we press power on button of router a process starts this process
called boot process
 Step 1:post
 Stand for power on self test post test the hardware
 To verify all components of router are operational and functional
 Step 2:opretating system loading or loading IOS
 Form flash
 Step 3:router will stop a few second and copy NVRAM to RAM
 Step 4:setup mode router will be ready for configuration
how to access router by pc
 Hyper terminal putty secure CRT and tera term
 Hyper terminal by default install in windows XP
 Note in win 7 win vista win 8 win server 2008
 And server 2012 we use putty secure CRT and tera term
Router modes
Command Desc
Router> User Mode
Router# Privilege Mode
Router(config)# Global Configuration Mode
Router(config-if)# Interface Mode
Router(config-subif)# SubInterface Mode
Router(config-line)# Line Mode
Router(config-router)# Router Configuration Mode
Router modes
 Router >this is user mode in this mode we can not any thing just we can
entire by enable command to the router
 Router# this is privilege mode
 Here we can check network connectivity and few other commands
 By CONFIG T command we can change mode to the Global configuration
mode
 Router (config)# global configuration mode
 here we can make complete changes in our router
Routing
 Routing is a process to route the packet across different network
 Or routing is a process to define path towards
 Destination network
 Router is responsible for routing
 Routing process works at network layer
Types of routing
 Static routing
 Default routing
 Dynamic routing
 1-static routing
 In which administrator it self define the path
 Towards destination networks
Advantage of static routing
 Most trusted because define all path by administrator
Disadvantage of static routing
 Time consuming
 Length configuration
 Note :direct connected network show in routing table by C
 Static routing show in routing table by S
 How to Connect a device
How to connect to device (Router & Switch)
✓ Console
✓ VTY(Telnet, SSH)
✓ AUX
How to Connect a device
How to Connect a device
How to Connect a device
How to Connect a device
 How to connect to device
How to connect to device (Router & Switch)
✓ Console
✓ VTY(Telnet, SSH)
✓ AUX(only Router)
How to Connect a device
How to Connect a device

COM – RJ45
How to Connect a device
How to Connect a device
How to Connect a device
How to Connect a device

Phone line
 How to configure a device

❑ SNMP monitoring (git <mib>)

CPU status
(set <mib>)
❑ WEB
❑ CLI(Command line interface)
CLI configuration Mode
CLI configuration Mode
CLI configuration Mode
 notes
 [Link] to configure banner for router
 [Link] to check the time of router
 [Link] to set the time of router
 How to see running configuration or RAM configuration
 How to see startup configuration or save configuration
 Or NVRAM configuration
The types of password in router
 [Link] password
 [Link] password
 [Link] password :is a type of which are store in plain text means readable
form
 [Link] password :
 Is type of password which are store encryption
 Means secret password unreadable form

How to assign plain password?
 Router(config)#enable password khan
 How to remove plain password
 Router (config)#no enable password
 How to assign secret password
 Router (config)#enable secret jan
 How to remove secret password
 Router (config)#no enable secret
How to save router configuration
 Router (config)#copy running-config sartup-config
 Or router(config)#wr
 Configuration of lines
 Console line------------0 means one person can configuration
 Auxiliary line ------------0
 Virtual terminal or vty (0---4)---15
Securing configuration lines
 How to secure console line and how to give password to consol port
 Router(config)#line consol 0
 Router (config-line)#password khan
 Router(config-line)#login
 How to remove console port password
 Router(config)#line console 0
 Router (config-line)#no password
 Rotuer (config-line)#no login
 How to secure auxiliary line and
give password
 Router (config)#line aux 0
 Router (config-line)#password jan
 Router(config-line)#login
 How to remove auxiliary password
 Router (config)#line aux 0
 Router (config-line)#no password
 Router (config-line)#no login
Basic configuration of router
Basic configuration means configuring of router
Interfaces example
Fast Ethernet interface configuration
Serial interface configuration
1-fast Ethernet are using to connect router with switch
Configuration of fast Ethernet interface
Router>enable
Router # config t
Router (config)# interface f0/0
Router (config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link]
Router (config-if)#no shutdown
Serial interface configuration
 Serial interface are using to connect one router to anther router
 Serial cable has two side
 1-DCE 2-DTE
 DCE :sand for data communication equipment
 Note :on DCE side we must assign clock rate 64000
 What is clock rate :it are using to generate clock signal
 And travail our data on serial cable
 How to show DCE side
 DTE :stand for date terminal equipment
 Router>enable
 Router # config t
 router(config)#interface s0/0
 Router (config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link]
 Router (config-if)#no shutdown
 DHCP server
 Stand for dynamic host configuration protocol
 It are using for to assign IP automatic to all client
 Computers

 Configuration of DHCP server

 Router >enable
 Router #config t
 Rotuer (config)#IP dhcp pool jan
 Router(dhcp-config)#network [Link] [Link]
 Router (dhcp-config)#default-router [Link]
Important command for DHCP
 Router>enable
 Router # show IP DHCP database
 Router #show IP dhcp binding
 Router >enable
 Rouer #config t
 Router (config )#ip DHCP EXCLUDED-address [Link]
Basic setting
 First we must make basic configuration
 Then after we can routing
 Basic setting means giving IP address to all interfaces
Basic setting
 R1>enable
 R1#config t
 R1(config)#interface s0/0
 R1(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link]
 R1(config-if)#no shutdown
 R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
 R1(config)#interface f 0/0
 R1(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link]
 R1(config-if)#no shutdown
Basic setting On router 2
 R2>enable
 R2#config t
 R2(config-if)#interface s0/0
 R2(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link]
 R2(config-if)#no shutdown
 R2(config)#interface f0/0
 R2(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link]
 R2(config-if)#no shut down
Static routing on R1
 R1>enable
 R1#config t
 R1(config)#ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]

 Static routing on R2
 R1(config)#ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]
 How to show routing table
 R1#show ip route
END
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