GOODLUCK TUITION CENTER FOR CHEMISTRY

No.655 A 48th STREET 9th SECTOR [Link] CHENNAI-78 PH : 9444357037

UNIT-2: SOLUTIONS
One mark questions:
1. What is a binary solution?

2. Give an example for a solution of a solid in a gas.

3. Sgofglucose is dissolved in 95g of water. What is the mass percentage of glucose?S

4. Write the expression to calculate volume percentage of solute.

S. In a binary solution, mole fraction of a component is 0.85. What is the mole

fraction of the other component?

6. What is the mass of sodium hydroxide present in 500mL of 1M NaOH solution?

(Molar mass of NaOH is 40 gmol).

7. Name a concentration term which is independent of temperature.
8. How does the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid vary with increase in

temperature if the dissolution process is endothermic?

9. Write the mathematical expression for Henry's law.

10. Ku values for the gases argon and methane in water at 298K are 40.3 /k bar and
0.413/k bar respectively. Which gas is more soluble at this temperature?
11. Cylinders used by Scuba divers is diluted with helium gas. Why?

12. State Raoult's law.

[Link] pressures of chloroform and dichloromethane are 200mm of Hg and
415mm of Hg at 298K respectively. which one is more volatile?
14. What are ideal solutions?

15. Give an example for a non ideal solution showing negative deviation from Raoult's

law. U

16. Based on inter molecular interactions, give the reason for a solution of A and B to

show positive deviation from Raoult's law. U

17. Arrange the following aqueous solutions in decreasing order of their relative

lowering of vapour pressure:

i) 0.1M sucrose i) 0.1 M NaCI i) 0.05 M 8lucose iv) 0.1 M acetic acid

18. Molal elevation constant for water is 0.52 Kkg mol. What is the elevation in
boiling point produced for one molal aqueous solution of a solute for which i-1?

19. Write the Si unit for Ebullioscopic constant.

20. Write the relationship between Kg and enthalpy of vapourisation of the solvent.
21. Which of the following aqueous solutions should have higher boiling point?
0.01M Nacl or 0.01M Na2S0, (assume both undergo almost complete

ionisation)
22. Sea water freezes at a temperature lower than that of pure water. Why?

23. Ethylene glycol is added as antifreeze to petrol in cold countries. Why?

24. Which solution would exhibit lower osmotic pressure? Aqueous solution of urea or

aqueous solution of common salt, both of same concentration.

25. Give a definition for van't Hoff factor

26. Write the modified equation to calculate AT, for i*1.
Two mark questions.

1. Differentiate molarity and molality of a solution. Which one of these varies with

temperature? U

2. Concentration of urea in an aqueous solution is 45% by mass. Calculate the mass of

urea in 100g of water

10mL of ethanol is mixed with 250 ml of water. Calculate the volume percent of
ethanol. S

4. 20g of glucose is present in 500mL of its solution. Calculate the mass by volume

percentage of glucose.

5. 20g of HCI is present in 2dm° of its solution. Calculate the molarity of HCI solution.
Given molar mass of HCl =36.5g/ mol S

6. 30g of urea is dissolved in 500g of water. Calculate the molality of this solution.

Given molar mass of urea =60 g/mol.

7. One kg of a sample of hard water contains 3mg of calcium carbonate. Express the
concentration of calcium carbonate in ppm. S

8. State Henry's law. Aquatic species are more comfortable towards respiration in

cold water than in warm water. Why? U

9. Draw the graph of partial pressure of a gas in vapour phase versus mole fraction of

the gas in solution. What is the slope ofa line equal to?

10. Mention any two factors affecting solubility of a gas in a liquid.

11. Draw the graph for, the plot of vapour pressure versus mole fraction of an ideal
solution.

12. Write any two differences between ideal and non ideal solutions.

13. What are azeotropes? What type of solutions form minimum boiling azeotropes?
[Link] are colligative properties? Molal cryoscopic constant of acetic acid is
3.9 Kkgmol what does this mean?
15. 3 moles of a non-volatile solute is dissolved in 15 mol of a solvent. Calculate the

relative lowering of vapour pressure.

16. Vapour pressure of pure benzene at some temperature is 0.95 bar. Calculate the
vapour pressure of 1 molal solution of a non-volatile solute (i=1) in it. Given molar
mass of benzene =
78 gmol
17. Vapour pressure of water at 295 K is 18.5 mm of Hg. Calculate the vapour pressuree

of the solution containing 25 e urea dissolved in 400 g of water at the same

temperature. Given molar mass of urea = 60 g mol.

18. How does boiling point and freezing point of a solvent vary when a non volatile

solute is added to it?

19. What is the effect on the i) vapour pressure i) boiling point of a solvent, when

a non-volatile solute is dissolved in it? U

20. The molal depression constant of water is 1.86 K/m. Calculate the depression in
freezing point of 0.1 molal aqueous urea solution.
21. Molal elevation constant for benzene is 2.52K/m. A solution of benzene containing

a solute (i-1) boils at 0.126°C higher than benzene. Calculate the molality of the

solution.

22. i) Define osmotic pressure i) What are isotonic solutions?

23. Molecular mass of polymers or proteins are more often determined by measuring

osmotic pressure rather than by any other colligative property. Give two reasons. A

24. What is the observation made when blood cells are placed in saturated salt

solution? What are such solutions called?

25. What does the value of Van't-Hoff factor indicate? What is the value i for a solute

that dissociates in a solvent? U

26. The value of i for acetic acid is i)> 1 in water i) <1 in benzene

What inference can be drawn regarding acetic acid in these solvents? A

27. Normal molar mass of a solute is 246 g mol and molar mass of the same in a

solvent is 346 gmol. What is the value of i? Comment on the state of the solute in
the solvent.

28. Explain the desalination of sea water using reverse osmosis technique.

3
29. Namethe phenomenon involved:
) a piece of raw mango in salt solution shrinks.
i) when pressure greater than osmotic pressure is applied on the solution side
Three mark questions:
1. 3 moles of sodium chloride is dissolved in 250 moles of water. What is the mole

fraction of NaCI and water in the solution?

2. Give reasons:

i)solubility of a gas in a solvent is always exothermic

i) there is volume expansion when ethanol is added to water

i) elevation in boiling point is observed when sea water is boiled at 1 bar

pressure

3. Give reasons:

i)Liquids A and B on mixing produce a warmer solution

i) Freezing point depression of 0.1 M aqueous NaCl is nearly twice that of 0.1 M
aqueous sucrose solution

ii) Blood cells when placed in water swels.

4. Give reasons:

i)there is no osmosis when 0.1 M urea solution is separated from 0.1 M sucrose
solution by a semi-permeable membrane.

i) molar mass of an electrolyte in a polar solvent determined by any colligative

property is less than its theoretical molar mass.

i) 95% aq. ethanol by volume cannot be concentrated by fractional distillation

5. The vapour pressure of pure water at 50°C is 12260Pa. 18.2g of solute was
dissolved in 100g of water at the same temperature. The lowering of vapour
pressure produced is 660Pa. Calculate the molar mass of the solute.

A: 60.85 gmol"iS
6. The vapour pressure of pure water at 298K is 3.3kPa. Calculate the relative

lowering of vapour pressure of an aqueous solution containing 20g of glucose

dissolved in 90g of water at the same temperature. (Molar mass of 8lucose =

180gmol, molar mass of water = 18 gmol"). A:0.021731 S

7. At 100c, benzene and toluene have vapour pressure of 1375 torr and 558 torr,

respectively. Assuming these two form an ideal binary solution, calculate the mole

fraction of benzene in vapour phase at 1 atm and 100" C. A:0.247]

8. The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a certain temperature is 200mm of Hg. At
 the same temperature, the vapour pressure of solution containing 2g of a non
volatile, non electrolytic solute in 78g of benzene is 195mm of Hg. Calculate the

molar mass of the solute. S

A:80 g mol]
9. 12.6g of a non electrolyte is dissolved in 75g of water. The freezing point of this

solution is 271.9K. If molar depression constant is 1.86 Kkgmol, calculate the

molar mass of the solute. (Freezing point of pure water = 273.15 K)

A: 250 g mol"]S
10. Using the graph answer the following: Vapour pressure
of Solution
i)What type of non-ideal solution shows such a
behaviour?

ii) What can you infer about the molecular interactions

before & after mixing A and B?

Mole fraction A
A
i) What type of azeotrope will the mixture of A and B B

form?
11. The boiling point of benzene is 353.23K. When 1.8g of a non volatile solute was

dissolved in 90g of benzene, the boiling point is raised to 354.11K. Calculate the
molar mass of solute. (K, = 2.52 K kg mol)
(A:57.2gmol
12. 20 g of an organic acid is dissoved in 500 g of water. The depression in freezing8
point of water was by 1". Calculate the Van't Hoff factor and degree of dissociation
of the acid. (Molar mass of acid = 79 gmol", K =1.86 K kgmol). [A:i= 1.06; 0.06]

13. Acetic acid exists in benzene solution in the dimeric form. In an actual experiment

the Van't Hoff factor was found to be 0.52. Calculate the degree of association of
acetic acid. S
A:0.96]
14. Calculate the boiling point of the solution which has 15 g of MgS0, dissolved in 550
8 of water. Assume i = 2 for the solute. Boiling point of pure water 373.15 K.

(Molar mass of MgsO = 120 gmo), k, = 0.52 K kgmol) A:373.38 K]S

15. Calculate the osmotic pressure of 5% (m/V) solution of urea at 300K. (The value of
Ris 0.0821 Latm K, Molar mass of urea = 60 g mol). A: 20.5 atm]
16. A 1.46% solution of a compound has an osmotic pressure of 783 mm of Hg at 300K.

Calculate the molar mass

ofthe compound. R= 62.36 L mm Hg K mol
A: 348.8 g mol]|
17. Normal saline is 0.9% mass/volume sodium chloride solution. Calculate the
osmotic pressure of normal saline at 300 K. Given molar mass of NaCl-58.5 gmol",
R-0.083 Lbar mol K. A:3.8 bar)

10