STORE KEEPER / SUPERVISOR

Store is a place where excess material is kept which

will be used as and when required. Loss of items,
deterioration, obsolescence and inadequacy {of
what is stored to what is needed} are treated as
part of life.

Store Management refers to the efficient

management of materials. Store management is
concerned with ensuring that all the activities
involved in storekeeping are carried out efficiently
and economically by those employed in the store.

ACCOUNTING OF STORES
Accounting is the practice of recording and
reporting on business transactions. The resulting
information is an essential feedback loop for
management, so that they can see how well a
business is performing against expectations. The
following discussion of accounting basics is needed
to give you a firm grounding from which to
understand how an accounting system works and
how it is used to generate financial reports.

System of Record Keeping

First, there must be a rational approach to record
keeping. This means setting up accounts in which
financial information is stored. Accounts fall into
the following classifications:

Assets. These are items purchased or acquired, but

not immediately consumed. Examples are accounts
receivable and inventory.
Liabilities. These are obligations of the business, to
be paid at a later date. Examples are accounts
payable and loans payable.

Equity. This is assets minus liabilities, and

represents the ownership interest of the owners of
the business. Examples are common stock and
preferred stock.

Revenue. This is the amount billed to customers in

exchange for the delivery of goods or provision of
services.

Expenses. This is the amount of assets consumed

during the measurement period. Examples are rent
expense and wages expense.
Transactions
The accountant is responsible for producing a
number of business transactions, while others are
forwarded to the accountant from other parts of
the company. As part of these transactions, they are
recorded within the accounts that we noted in the
first point. Key transactions are:

Purchase materials and services. Requires the

issuance of purchase orders and the payment of
supplier invoices.

Sell goods and services to customers. Requires the

creation of an invoice to be sent to each customer,
documenting the amount owed by the customer.

Receive payments from customers. Requires

matching received cash to open invoices.
Pay employees. Requires the collection of time
worked information from employees, which is then
used to produce gross wage information, tax
deductions, and other deductions, resulting in net
pay to employees.

Reporting
Once all of the transactions related to an
accounting period have been completed, the
accountant aggregates the information stored in
the accounts and reformats it into three documents
that are collectively called the financial statements.
These statements are:

Income statement. This document presents

revenues and subtracts all expenses incurred to
arrive at a net profit or loss for the reporting period.
It measures the ability of a business to attract
customers and operate in an efficient manner.

Balance sheet. This document presents the assets,

liabilities, and equity of a business as of the end of
the reporting period. It presents the financial
position of an entity as of a point in time, and is
closely reviewed to determine the ability of an
organization to pay its bills.

Statement of cash flows. This document presents

the sources and uses of cash during the reporting
period. It is especially useful when the amount of
net income appearing on the income statement
varies from the net change in cash during the
reporting period.

Additional Accounting Topics

The presented basics of accounting only note the
barest outline of the functions performed by the
accountant. There are numerous more advanced
topics that fall under the umbrella of accounting,
such as:

Cost accounting. Involves the review of product

costs, examining operating variances, engaging in
profitability studies, bottleneck analysis, and many
other operational topics.

Internal auditing. Involves examining internal

records to see if transactions were processed
correctly, and whether the established system of
controls has been adhered to by the staff.

Tax accounting. Involves planning to reduce or defer

tax payments, as well as filing many types of tax
returns.
5 accounting principles:

The revenue principle - The revenue principle states

that revenue for the business is earned and
recorded at the point of sale.

The expense principle - The expense principle, or

expense recognition principle, states that an
expense occurs at the time at which the business
accepts goods or services from another entity.

The matching principle - The matching principle

states that you should match each item of revenue
with an item of expense.
The cost principle - The cost principle states that
you should use the historical cost of an item in the
books, not the resell cost.

The objectivity principle - The objectivity principle

states that you should use only factual, verifiable
data in the books, never a subjective measurement
of values. Even if the subjective data seems better
than the verifiable data, the verifiable data should
always be used.

There are some of the main accounting principles

and guidelines, listed under US GAAP:
Conservatism principle - In situations where there
are two acceptable solutions for reporting an item,
the accountant should ‘play it safe’ by choose the
less favourable outcome. This concept allows
accountants to anticipate future losses, rather than
future gains.
Consistency principle - The consistency principle
states that once you decide on an accounting
method or principle to use in your business, you
need to stick with and follow this method
throughout your accounting periods.
Cost principle - A business should record their
assets, liabilities and equity at the original cost at
which they were bought or sold. The real value may
change over time (e.g. depreciation of
assets/inflation) but this is not reflected for
reporting purposes.
Economic entity principle - The transactions of a
business should be kept and treated separately to
that of its owners and other businesses.
Full disclosure principle - Any important information
that may impact the reader’s understanding of a
business’s financial statements should be disclosed
or included alongside to the statement.
Going concern principle - The concept that assumes
a business will continue to exist and operate in the
foreseeable future, and not liquidate. This allows a
business to defer some prepaid expenses (accrued)
to future accounting periods, rather than recognise
them all at once.
Matching principle - The concept that each revenue
recorded should be matched and recorded with all
the related expenses, at the same time. Specifically
in accrual accounting, the matching principle states
that for every debit there should be a credit (and
vice versa).
Materiality principle - An item is considered
‘material’ if it would affect or influence the decision
of a reasonable individual reading the company's
financial statements. This concept states that
accountants must be sure to include and report all
material items in the financial statement.
Monetary unit principle - Businesses should only
record transactions that can be expressed in terms
of a stable unit of currency.
Reliability principle - The reliability principle is used
as a guideline in determining which financial
information should be presented in the accounts of
a business.
Revenue recognition principle - Companies should
record their revenues when it is recognised, or in
the same time period of when it was accrued
(rather than when it was received).
Time period principle - A business should report
their financial statements (income
statement/balance sheet) appropriate to a specific
time period.

Accounting Principles are crucial rules that

determine the field of accounting and conduct the
accounting process should record, analyze, verify
and report the financial position of the business.
Principles of Accounting are;

System of record-keeping
Companies must have a rational approach to
record-keeping before they begin the accounting
process. They have to set up accounts in which to
store information. Accounts fall into the following
classifications:

Assets: These refer to resources or items that the

company owns. Assets have future economic value
that can be measured and can be expressed in
monetary terms. Examples of a company's assets
include investments, cash, inventory, accounts
receivable, land, supplies, equipment, buildings and
vehicles.

Liabilities: These refer to the legal financial

obligations or debts that companies incur during
business operations. Liabilities can be limited or
unlimited. They are settled over time through the
transfer of economic benefits such as money,
services or goods. Recorded on the right side of a
company's balance sheet, liabilities include
accounts payable, loans, mortgages, earned
premiums, deferred revenues and accrued
expenses.

Equity: Equity, also known as shareholder's equity,

refers to the amount of money that a company
must return to its shareholders after all of its assets
are liquidated and all of its debt is paid off. Equity is
calculated by subtracting a company's total assets
to its total liabilities.

Expenses: Expenses refer to the costs of operations

that businesses incur to generate revenue. Common
expenses include employee wages, payments to
suppliers, equipment depreciation and factory
leases.

Revenue: Revenue refers to the income that a

company generates from its normal business
operations. It includes deductions and discounts for
returned products. Revenue is the gross income
figure from which costs are subtracted to determine
net income.
Transactions
The accountant is responsible for generatinga
number of business transactions, while others are
forwarded to the accountant from other
departments of a company. As part of these
transactions, they are recorded within the accounts
mentioned in the first point. Some crucial business
transactions include:

Sales: These are transactions in which

products/services are transferred from buyers to
sellers for cash or credit. Sales transactions are
recorded in the seller's accounting journal (a
document that contains a summary of the
transaction) as a credit to the sales account and a
debit to cash or accounts receivable. Sales typically
involve the creation of an invoice to be sent to the
customers, detailing the amount that the customer
owes.

Purchases: These are transactions that businesses

require in order to obtain materials and services
necessary to accomplish their goals. Purchases
made in cash are recorded as a debit to the
inventory account and a credit to cash. If the
purchase is made with a credit account, the credit
entry would be recorded in the accounts payable
account and the debit entry would be recorded in
the inventory account. Purchases often involve the
issuance of purchase orders and disbursement of
supplier invoices.

Receipts: These are the transactions that refer to a

company getting paid for providing services or
goods to customers. The receipt transaction is
recorded in the journal for the seller as a credit to
accounts receivable and a debit to cash.

Employee's compensation: This requires

information about the number of hours that
employees spent at paid labor, which is then used
to generate tax deductions, gross wage information
and other deductions, which result in net pay to
employees.
Reporting
Once all the company's transactions related to an
accounting period have been completed, the
accountant consolidates the information stored in
the accounts and sort it into three documents that
are collectively called financial statements. These
statements include:

Income statement: This document contains

information about the company's revenues and
deducts all expenses incurred to determine the net
profit or loss for the reporting period. It measures
the ability of a company to expand its customer
base and operate in an efficient manner.

Balance sheet: This document contains information

about a company's assets, liabilities and equity as of
the end of the reporting period. It shows the
financial position of an organization as of a point in
time and is carefully reviewed to determine an
organization's ability to pay its bills.

Statement of cash flows: This document contains

information about the uses and sources of cash
during the reporting period. It's especially useful
when the amount of net income that appears on
the income statement is different from the net
change in cash during the reporting period.
Related: Learn About Being a Bookkeeper

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)

The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
(GAAP) is a set of guidelines that all accountants
must apply to their accounting practices. Just as a
newspaper uses a style guide that outlines a set of
standards for its writers and editors, the GAAP sets
a standard that guides accountants when recording
and reporting financial information. Also, when all
accountants work in accordance with the GAAP,
investors and analysts can easily understand their
filings and financial statements.

The accounting cycle

The accounting cycle is the collective process of
recording and sorting out a company's financial
transactions. It ensures that a company's financial
statements are prepared accurately and are a true
reflection of its financial position. It is considered a
cycle because the workflow is circular—moving
from one accounting period to the next. The full
accounting cycle consists of nine steps, which in the
past were done manually and recorded in journals.
Today, most accountants use accounting software
to process many of these steps simultaneously.
Here's a look at the steps in the accounting cycle:

Transactions
Journal entries
Posting from the journal to the general ledger
Trial balance
Adjusting entries
Adjusted trial balance
Financial statements
Closing entries
Post-closing trial balance

1. Revenue Recognition Principle,

2. Historical Cost Principle,
3. Matching Principle,
4. Full Disclosure Principle, and
5. Objectivity Principle.

1. Transactions
The accounting cycle starts with transactions. This
means that every time a sale is made, an asset is
purchased, a product is returned or debt is paid, the
accounting cycle begins. All financial activities that
involve the exchange of a company's assets are
considered a transaction.

2. Journal entries
A journal is a physical record or digital document
kept as a data, spreadsheet or book within the
company's accounting software. When a financial
transaction is made, a bookkeeper records it as a
journal entry. If the income or expense affects one
or more business accounts, the journal entry will
reflect that as well. Journaling is a crucial part of
record-keeping and allows for a brief review and
records-transfer later in the accounting process.
Along with the general ledger, journals are carefully
reviewed as part of the audit process.

3. Posting from the journal to the general ledger

All information recorded in the journal is posted to
the general ledger. The general ledger contains the
account information that is needed to create the
company's financial statements. The transaction
data recorded in the general ledger is segregated by
type into accounts for expenses, revenues,
shareholder's equity, liabilities and assets.

4. Trial balance
When the business transactions are summarized or
closed out to the general ledger, the accountant
creates a trial balance, which serves as a report of
every ledger account's balance. A company
generates a trial balance periodically, typically at
the end of every reporting period. The trial balance
helps a company ensure that entries in its
bookkeeping system are mathematically correct.
The trial balance is carefully reviewed to make sure
there are no errors and adjusted by adding
necessary entries.

5. Adjusting entries
When accountants adjust entries, they take into
account deferrals and accruals that have affected
the final balances of accounts on the general ledger.
These adjustments are made to make sure that the
reported results are consistent with the financial
position of the company before financial
statements are made.

6. Adjusted trial balance

Once the adjustments on the entries are made and
finalized, the accountant prepares the adjusted trial
balance. Like the trial balance, the adjusted trial
balance ensures the debits and credits match after
adjustments on the entries are made. The adjusted
trial balance is the most accurate record of a
company's financial transactions.

7. Financial statements
Using the adjusted trial balance, the accountant
prepares the cash statement, income statement
and balance sheet. These will be used to show the
company's financial condition, results and cash
flow.

8. Closing entries
At this stage, the accountant moves data from
temporary accounts to permanent accounts on the
balance sheet. Temporary accounts include
expenses, revenues and dividends. These accounts
must be closed (reduced to zero) at the end of the
accounting period to prepare them for the next
period of transactions. For instance, $500 in
revenue this year doesn't count as $500 of revenue
for next year, even if your company retained the
funds for use next year.

9. Post-closing trial balance

The post-closing trial balance is the final step of the
accounting cycle. At this stage, the accountant
checks the debits and credits match after closing
entries are made. They also make sure that the trial
balance only contains permanent accounts, since
temporary accounts are already reduced to zero.

A bank reconciliation compares your cash

expenditures with your overall bank statements and
helps keep your business records consistent. (This is
the process of reconciling your book balance to
your bank balance of cash.)

Basic Accounting Terms

These 15 terms will create the foundation on which
you’ll build your knowledge of business accounting.
While some of these terms might not apply to your
business right now, it’s important to develop a
holistic understanding of the subject in case you
expand or move into another type of business.

1. Debits & Credits

Not to be confused with your personal debit and
credit cards, debits and credits are foundational
accounting terms to know.
A debit is a record of all money expected to come
into an account. A credit is a record of all money
expected to come out of an account. Essentially,
debits and credits track where the money in your
business is coming from, and where it’s going.

Many businesses operate out of a cash account – or

a business bank account that holds liquid assets for
the business. When a company pays for an expense
out of pocket, the cash account is credited, because
money is moving from the account to cover the
expense. This means the expense is debited
because the funds credited from the cash account
are covering the cost of that expense.

2. Accounts Receivable & Accounts Payable

Accounts receivable is money that people owe you
for goods and services. It’s considered an asset on
your balance sheet. For example, if a customer
fulfills their invoice your company’s accounts
receivable amount is reduced because less money is
now owed.

3. Accruals
Accruals are credits and debts that you’ve recorded
but not yet fulfilled. These could be sales you’ve
completed but not yet collected payment on or
expenses you’ve made but not yet paid for.

(Why not wait to record the activity until the

payment is complete? We’ll answer this question
when we explain the accrual accounting method
later.)

4. Assets
Assets are everything that your company owns —
tangible and intangible. Your assets could include
cash, tools, property, copyrights, patents, and
trademarks.

5. Burn Rate
Your burn rate is how quickly your business spends
money. It’s a critical component when calculating
and managing your cash flow To calculate your burn
rate, simply pick a time period (such as a quarter or
a year). Subtract your on-hand cash amount at the
end of that period from your on-hand cash at the
beginning, then divide that number by the number
of months in the period (or by your chosen
cadence).

6. Capital
Capital refers to the money you have to invest or
spend on growing your business. Commonly
referred to as “working capital,” capital refers to
funds that can be accessed (i.e. cash in the bank)
and don’t include assets or liabilities.

7. Cost of Goods Sold

The cost of goods sold (COGS) or cost of sales (COS)
is the cost of producing your product or delivering
your service.
Accounts payable is money that you owe other
people and is considered a liability on your balance
sheet. For example, let’s say your company pays
$5,000 in rent each month. Here’s how that would
be recorded in your financial records before that
amount is paid out.

8. Depreciation
Depreciation refers to the decrease in your assets’
values over time. It’s is important for tax purposes,
as larger assets that impact your business’s ability
to make money can be written off based on their
depreciation. (We’ll discuss expenses and tax write-
offs later on.)

9. Equity
Equity refers to the amount of money invested in a
business by its owners. It’s also known as “owner’s
equity” and can include things of non-monetary
value such as time, energy, and other resources.
(Ever heard of “sweat equity”?)

Equity can also be defined as the difference

between your business’s assets (what you own) and
liabilities (what you owe).
A business with healthy (positive) equity is
attractive to potential investors, lenders, and
buyers. Investors and analysts also look at your
business’s EBITDA, which stands for earnings before
interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.

10. Expenses
Expenses include any purchases you make or money
you spend in an effort to generate revenue.
Expenses are also referred to as "the cost of doing
business".

14. Revenue
Your revenue is the total amount of money you
collect in exchange for your goods or services
before any expenses are taken out.
15. Gross Margin
Your gross margin (or gross income), which is your
total sales minus your COGS — this number
indicates your business’s sustainability.
There are four main types of expenses, although
some expenses fall into more than one category.

Fixed expenses are consistent expenses, like rent or

salaries. These expenses aren’t typically affected by
company sales or market trends.
Variable expenses fluctuate with company
performance and production, like utilities and raw
materials.
Accrued expenses are single expenses that have
been recorded or reported but not yet paid. (These
would fall under accounts payable, as we discussed
above.)
Operating expenses are necessary for a company to
do business and generate revenue, like rent,
utilities, payroll, and utilities.

11. Fiscal Year

A fiscal year is the time period a company uses for
accounting. The start and end dates of your fiscal
year are determined by your company; some
coincide with the calendar year, while others vary
based on when accountants can prepare financial
statements.

12. Liabilities
Liabilities are everything that your company owes in
the long or short term. Your liabilities could include
a credit card balance, payroll, taxes, or a loan.
13. Profit
In accounting terms, profit — or the “bottom line”
— is the difference between your income, COGS,
and expenses (including operating, interest, and
depreciation expenses).

STORAGE INSPECTION &

PRESERVATION OF STORE
INCLUDING FIRE PROCTECTION
/ FIRE FIGHTING:
Fire prevention is a function of many fire
departments. The goal of fire prevention is to
educate the public to take precautions to prevent
potentially harmful fires, and be educated about
surviving them. It is a proactive method of
preventing fire-based n emergencies and reducing
the damage caused by them. Many fire
departments have one or more Fire Prevention
Officers, which may also be a routine duty of
firefighters.

Stop, drop and roll is often taught as part of fire

prevention education efforts as it is both a simple
technique to learn, and an effective way of
extinguishing burning clothing. It is particularly
suited to children who may panic if their clothing
catches fire and they do not know how to put it out.
Smoke detector installation and maintenance
Generally taught more to adults (particularly
homeowners), a core part of fire prevention
outreach involves encouraging people to ensure
that they have an adequate number of smoke
detectors installed in their homes, and that they are
kept in good working order and tested regularly.
These steps can significantly reduce deaths in
household fires,[3][4] particularly at night when
people are sleeping.[5] Smoke detectors commonly
make a persistent beeping sound when their
batteries run low, and a key part of fire prevention
outreach involves encouraging people to replace
batteries promptly instead of just removing them to
make the beeping stop.

Wet pipe sprinkler systems

A wet-pipe sprinkler system is an automatic
sprinkler system in which the supply valves are
open and the system is charged with water under
supply pressure at all times. For this reason, they
are the quickest at getting water on the fire and are
the simplest to maintain. Wet pipe systems are
installed where indoor temperatures can he
maintained at or above 40 degrees Fahrenheit.
Below that temperature, there is the danger of
freezing pipes. If the outside temperature is below
freezing and the interior temperature is less than
forty degrees Fahrenheit, the steel sprinkler piping,
which rapidly conducts heat and rapidly loses it, will
drop below freezing. The frozen area may be
isolated and near an opening or uninsulated portion
of the building. It may be a small area, but it could
be enough to put the whole system out of service.

Abandoned cooking and appliances

Teaching people not to leave stoves, ovens,
toasters, clothing irons, barbecues, and candles
unattended can help to reduce fires as a result.

Firefighters are here to help

One of the most critical jobs of a firefighter is search
and rescue. For young children, it is important that
firefighters are seen as people they can follow and
trust. A firefighter in bunker gear breathing with an
air tank could be an unfamiliar sight, especially to a
child. One way a child can get used to or trust a
firefighter is seeing a firefighter dress, step by step,
seeing that they are a person wearing a uniform
and protective equipment. Furthermore, being able
to walk up and touch the firefighter can reassure
the child that he or she is a real person. (This has
been implemented by many fire departments
across the US during Fire Prevention Week.)
Discouraging playing with fire
Though fire can be a source of fascination for young
children, the potential for accidents as a result is
high. Fire prevention often aims to teach children
not to play with fire so that they do not accidentally
cause a conflagration.

Reduction of false alarms

Much of fire prevention education also involves
advice on how to reduce false alarms. False alarms
have the potential to waste manpower and
resources, which may be needed desperately at a
real emergency. In addition, firefighters responding
to calls in fire engines are at increased risk of traffic
collisions when driving under emergency
conditions. In 2008 the state of New York found
that 18% of firefighter deaths in the line of duty had
occurred whilst responding to calls.
Fire prevention inspections
Many fire departments have fire prevention
divisions, which consist of groups of firefighters
who conduct building inspections to make sure they
are compliant with fire codes; they also visit schools
and daycare centers to make presentations about
arson, malicious false alarms, and fire safety. Fire
Prevention Officers may also conduct tours of their
fire house for visitors. They demonstrate what each
of their apparatuses does, and sometimes will don
their bunker gear to show what a firefighter wears
into a fire.

A typical fire prevention division consists of a Chief

Fire Prevention Officer, below whom are Fire
Prevention Officers. Those in the Fire Prevention
Division have their own insignia, such as epaulets
with two thin bars that read "FIRE PREVENTION
OFFICER" below them; crescents on their helmets;
and collar pins. Depending on its budget, a Division
may have its own fire vehicle.

In Canada the national Fire Protection division is

known as FIPRECAN, and is the national voice for
fire protection and education in Canada. FIPRECAN
is a non-profit charitable agency founded in 1976.
They educate the public themselves as well as
forming a partnership with fire services. David
Johnston, the former Governor General of Canada,
is one of the patrons.

Fire Prevention Canada primarily promotes and

educates by:

Working with all levels of the government

Working with fire services to promote fire
prevention week activities
Working with other fire prevention and safety
organizations
Partnering with the Federal Government of Canada
On their website [Link], many safety
educational materials can be found. These forms
are downloadable and printable. All of the
information is free of charge. A few of the available
topics are listed below.

Cooking precautions
Babysitters guide
Escape plan
Fire extinguishers
Smoke alarm
Farm safety
October 3–9 is fire protection week in Canada.
Various fire organizations and fire professionals
from all across the country attend, along with a
number of students and teachers. Songs and
entertainment regarding to fire safety is also
available making fire education fun. Guest speakers
are also a large part of fire protection week.
Children also generally receive prizes.

In Alberta, Canada, Alberta Industrial Fire

Association is a dominant fire safety educator. They
host events year-round ranging from conferences,
to skill competitions. A number of presentations can
be found on their website [Link] regarding a
wide variety of topics such as a) Awareness and
Planning b) Safety Products c) General Tips
Alberta Industrial Fire Association was founded in
1989 by Len Freeman and Brian Lamond. Alberta
Industrial Fire Association's mission statement is: To
promote awareness of industrial fire protection and
emergency services by information sharing, joint
problem solving to minimize damage, loss and
injury throughout the industry in the Province of
Alberta.

A fire prevention strategy and a fire risk assessment

should include detail and a full consideration of all
of the issues - including issues arising from heat,
oxygen and fuel. Advice on these three elements
follows. This advice is not exhaustive and is given in
no particular order.

Ensure employees are aware of their responsibility

to report dangers
Control sources of ignition
Have chimneys inspected and cleaned regularly
Treat independent building uses, such as an office
over a shop as separate purpose groups and
therefore compartmentalise from each other
Ensure cooking food is always attended
Use the Electricity Supply Board's Safety webpage
Have regard to relevant Authority Safety Alerts, e.g.
Mobile Phone

Provide no-smoking signs at appropriate locations

Ensure smoking area(s) are away from flammable
materials
Arrange for cigarettes and matches to be disposed
of safely and away from other combustible rubbish

Fire Prevention
“Working to improve a level of safety through
cooperative education.”
Know and adhere to the terms of the established
Community Standards in the Relationship
Statement.
Know and adhere to the provisions in the Tufts
Habitats; ensure that all Life Safety Systems (Fire
Alarm, Sprinkler, Fire Escapes, Fire Extinguishers,
and Emergency Exits) are properly maintained.
Lead by example. Be responsible in your actions
with regard to social events.
Ways to prevent fire incidents:
Avoid unattended or careless use of candles. No
open flames are allowed inside any Tufts University
building.
Keep BBQ grills at least 10 feet from the house.
Never store the grill with the propane tank inside
your house. Propane vapors are heavier than air
and any leak of the gas would travel down to an
ignition source, such as a pilot light or electrical arc,
that would initiate an explosion that would be fatal
to anyone inside the house.
Do not disable smoke or CO detectors. These are
life saving devices that will give you an early
warning to a life threatening event. Carbon
monoxide, CO, is an odorless, colorless, and
tasteless gas (known as the Silent Killer) that is the
most abundant deadly byproduct of fire.
Tampering, covering, disabling fire detection
devices is a criminal offense, punishable by
imprisonment and a fine and University disciplinary
action.
Do not smoke indoors. Smoking is prohibited in all
Tufts University buildings. Smoking will result in the
removal of the offender from campus housing.
Do not leave your cooking unattended. Cooking is
the number one cause of residential fires.
Unattended cooking increases the chance of a stove
top fire. Watch what you heat and never overheat
cooking oils. Should a flash fire occur in a pan,
carefully slide a cover over the pan to smother the
fire. DO NOT move it to the sink or apply water to it,
this will cause the flaming oil to splash and spread
the fire to surrounding areas.

SECURITY OF STORES

The designing the ideal security measures for

warehouse, which happens to be spread over a
large area, needs the special attention to many
components and factors.

Always make separate the portions with physical

partitions for receiving and dispatching the goods
Entrance and exit doors of the warehouse should be
guarded with powerful physical access control
system based on the latest technologies for all
vehicles and people
Devise a proper policy for trash and scrap removal
from the warehouse
Vehicle loading should be done through separate
channels for a better warehouse security
Install a CCTV surveillance system for live
monitoring of the internal and external activities
Integrate warehouse security system with inventory
management system
A proper zoning of the warehouse security system
should be done for better security management
Don’t allow visitors roaming in the warehouse
without supervision of warehouse staff
Install proper alarm system to alert you for any
misadventure or malicious activity
Establish a proper control for the outgoing shipping
consignment
Proper inspection of the vehicles going in and out of
the warehouse should be done
The proper security lighting system inside and
outside the warehouse should be installed
Manned guards should be employed at the
entrance and exit checkpoints
Regular review and maintenance of the warehouse
security system should be done
Fire equipment should be installed at appropriate
positions

The main points that a warehouse should take note

of include the following:
Proper assessment of warehouse area, locality and
the local crime records
Always try to devices customized measures for
warehouse security that are fit for that particular
area
There should not be any physical or logical access
on the basis of exceptions
Implement latest high tech physical access control
systems integrated with the surveillance and alarm
systems
Internal staff should be properly scrutinized before
he/she is hired
The security procedures and policies should be
followed strictly

As manufacturers, distributors and retailers look to

optimize their supply-chain processes, warehouses
are evolving into highly automated centers
equipped with the latest, cutting edge technology.
That’s why we’ve compiled the below list of the 10
most important warehouse security tips below. If
you don’t currently have a professional system in
place or you’ve outgrown you’re current system,
use this list as a jumping-off point. We’ll begin with
some practical advice:

1) Don’t rely on manual data entry practices

According to Motorola Solutions, with the
technology available nowadays, it’s basically
essential to use mobile computers with barcode
scanners or RFID readers at the receiving dock of a
warehouse in order to immediately identify
products upon arrival. Motorola suggests that
manual data entry simply takes up too much time
today. The barcode scanners and RFID readers help
get the product off the dock quickly and eliminate
nearly all the errors associated with manual
receiving, including identification, counting and
data entry errors.

2) Have an emergency response plan in place

According to OSHA, employers should have an
emergency plan that describes what is expected of
employees in the event of an emergency. This plan
should include provisions for emergency exit
locations and evacuation procedures; procedures
for accounting for all employees and visitors; and
the location of fire extinguishers and other
emergency equipment. Warehouse operations need
a lockout/tagout program to prevent equipment
from being accidentally energized, which can lead
to employee injuries. Also, warehouse operations
management should conduct a site hazard
assessment to determine what personal protective
equipment must be required based on the hazards
present. They should also train warehouse
employees on proper PPE selection, use and
maintenance.

3) Communicate effectively and often

According to Inbound Logistics, clearly
communicating your organizational goals and the
necessary processes to achieve them is the key to
effective warehousing operations. When managers
fail to create an environment of effective
communication, employee productivity suffers,
resulting in high turnover and wasted resources.

4) Utilize Motion Detection

Motion detection is widely viewed as the backbone
of your security system because it’s the feature that
can detect when someone is on your premises
when they shouldn’t be. By now, we all know that
motion detectors go off when a sensor is tripped by
movement. That sends a signal to your security
system’s control panel, which then goes to the
central monitoring center. A professional security
system provider will have a central monitoring
center that operates 24/7, ensuring that your
warehouse is always protected.

5) Utilize Perimeter Protection

Perimeter protection is an extremely important
aspect of warehouse security, especially if your
warehouse has a large surrounding area. The bigger
your yard, the more vulnerable your warehouse is
as the points of entry are harder to properly secure.
However, there are aspects of professional security
that can address this issue,

“IP cameras, video verification systems, glassbreak

detection and door protection are key elements of
an optimal perimeter warehouse security system,”
said Supreme technician Dan Weidenfeld. And his
words of advice lead us into our next few points.

6) Utilize Glassbreak Detection

A glassbreak detector is a sensor used in electronic
burglar alarms that detects if a panel of glass is
shattered or broken. It uses a microphone that
monitors any noise or vibrations coming from the
glass, and if the vibrations exceed a certain
threshold, the sensor will be triggered and your
alarm provider’s central monitoring center will be
notified.

This can come in handy for large warehouses with

ground-level windows. Warehouses can be very
large and it’s hard to keep tabs on every corner of
the building without the proper equipment. With
glassbreak detection, you can know when a ground
level window has been compromised immediately.
7) Utilize Remote Notification Technology
Whether you’re looking to safeguard the exterior of
your facility or secure high-traffic areas in your
building, professional security companies offer
remote notifications that go straight to your
smartphone or email to let you know when
important points of entry have been accessed.

Whether you’re at home on your couch or at the

grocery store, you can check on the security of your
warehouse wherever you get cell phone service or
an internet connection.

8) Integrate Building Access Control into Your

Security Plan
Electronic building access control technology is ideal
for permitting and restricting access to your
premises or secured areas within the premises.
With a professional building access control plan in
place, only people with permission can enter your
premises. You can utilize a key card or key fob
entrance plan to limit the points on entry into your
warehouse.

Access control systems can be integrated into a

number of other commercial security solutions,
such as CCTV, for maximum effectiveness. With an
electronic access control system in place, a business
owner can easily control access to a facility or
secured areas.

9) Integrate Environmental Control into Your

Security Plan
Process and environmental monitoring is crucial for
maximum protection of sensitive materials and
operations. Environmental monitoring serves two
very important purposes for your business: it can be
a lifesaver in times of emergency and and it can also
increase operational efficiency and control costs.
Whether you have an office that needs air
conditioning, heating systems needed to maintain
temperature, or a critical refrigerated room,
environmental control can provide you with added
peace of mind. It can also keep track of run state,
pressure, power and flooding and alert you to
changes in any of the categories.

10) Regularly Test Your System

It’s important to regularly test your security system
in order to ensure that everything is working
properly. As the old saying goes, better safe than
sorry, and the last thing a business owner wants is
an investment that doesn’t pay off. Most
professional security companies recommend a
weekly testing of your alarm system. As far as day-
to-day system maintenance and upkeep, there
should be none “as long as the system is designed
properly,” Weidenfeld said.

If these tips have been eye-opening, consider

equipping your warehouse with a state-of-the-art
security system from a professional security
provider. Remember, “one throat to choke.” It
could be the difference between a well-run,
synchronized operation and costly chaos or even
devastation.

What are some of the specific types of warehouse

security measures that are needed to create a high-
security warehouse? Some examples of useful
warehouse security tools include:
Warehouse Security Cameras. Security camera
warehouse setups can be both a great deterrent to
thieves and a simple way to gather strong evidence
to pursue a case against them if they do steal
something. Modern security camera systems can
collect high-definition footage and upload it to an
offsite server to make identification of thieves
easier and preserve the evidence if they try to
tamper with the cameras or onsite recording
stations.
Warehouse Lighting. Yes, lighting can be considered
a vital part of warehouse security. Poorly-lit
warehouses not only provide protection for thieves
(making them harder to identify), they can be a
safety hazard for warehouse employees and
security staff. So, keeping warehouse facilities well-
lit is a crucial safety measure—both to prevent theft
and on-site accidents.
Alarm Systems. Alarm systems can be a crucial tool
for deterring theft attempts, minimizing the amount
of goods stolen by thieves, and summoning security
or police in time to stop thieves from getting away.
Knowing that there’s an alarm keeps thieves on a
tight time limit so they don’t steal as much (or
deterring them from the attempt). Getting an alert
from a silent alarm helps security and police arrive
on the scene quickly so thieves can be detained
before they make off with valuable products.
Security Patrols. Does the warehouse have on-site
security staff to help deter thieves? Do they make
the rounds to verify that there are no intruders
lurking in security camera blind spots? Having
manual security patrols to police the premises can
be a massive deterrent to casual thieves and
trespassers that minimizes large-scale theft risks.
Access Control Systems and Security Cages. How is
high-value merchandise kept secure within the
warehouse? How is access to these items
controlled? Security cages and access control
systems make it harder for thieves to get at
valuable inventory—creating a high-security
warehouse environment that minimizes theft risks.
Inventory Tracking. How is inventory in the
warehouse tracked? How frequently is inventory
checked for missing products? Inventory tracking
solutions are vital for ensuring that inventory
shrinkage can be identified quickly (and that
inventory availability reports in your ecommerce
store are accurate). Keeping track of inventory is a
loss prevention 101 basic.
Entryway Security Doors. How tough are the doors
allowing entry into the warehouse to bypass? Weak
locks or doors can allow thieves into the warehouse
quickly, giving them easy access to the interior.
Robust doorways delay thieves, increasing the
likelihood of them getting caught by police/security
(and of them giving up before making entry).
Window Security. Are there ground-level windows
that thieves can easily break to get into the
warehouse? Or, are they high up and reinforced to
prevent break-in and entry? Strong security means
making windows as difficult to break into as
possible, such as using reinforced glass, window
locking mechanisms, or even steel bars/window
covers to deter entry attempts.

PACKAGING & DISPACTH OF STORES

To provide a standard operating procedure for

Storage and Dispatch of Finished Goods from the
finished goods store.

Dispatch of finished goods shall be done through

only the Approved Transporter.
Before transportation of finished goods, the vehicle
shall be checked for the vehicle’s condition and
cleanliness.
In case the customer is arranging their
transportation, detailed information regarding the
transporter should be ensured. List of such
customers shall be maintained by finished goods
store. As and when new customers and products
are introduced, the list shall be updated.
After the vehicle’s arrival, the finished goods store
person shall inform to QA department for vehicle
inspection and consignment verification.
Finished goods store person and QA person shall
check the finished product and inspect the vehicle,
loading platform, and rainproof status before
loading of consignment.
Finished goods store person shall load the goods in
the container as per the shipping document.
Finished goods store person shall do documentation
of shipment loading.
When shipment needs to send with the controlled
condition, finished goods store person shall use
calibrated temperature sending device to check the
container’s temperature and record it in the
logbook.
Before starting batch loading activity, ensure that
the container’s temperature complies with the
required product storage condition mentioned on
the shipping mark.
Ensure that temperature controlling equipment is in
ON condition while loading the finished goods.
After completion of loading the finished goods,
ensure that vehicle should maintain the required
temperature.
Finished goods store person shall ensure that
material is not damaged during the loading.
While loading, if required, use airbag or strapping
tools to prevent goods tilting or damage during
transportation.
It is to be ensured that the protection of finished
goods is done in such a way that the vehicle is
protected from calamities conditions and rain
showers.
Before closing the shipment container, photographs
shall be taken and attached with the documents for
future reference.
Once the shipping container is filled, fix the seal and
hand over the vehicle to the transporter.
Required commercial documents shall be handed
over to the transporter.
Acknowledgment for shipment handover shall be
taken from the driver.
Logistics department shall additional documents
required to facilitate shipment, such as invoice,
Weight Chart, Non-Hazardous declaration.
Dispatch documents shall be retained for product
expiry +1 year or 5 years, whichever is longer.
3. Precautions during air and sea shipment:

Placement of data logger as per shipment validation

study.
Checking of container cleanliness.
Airbag to be used to fill the empty space.
Cord strap to ensure pallet will remain at its place
and hold the container adequately.
Ensure that the doors of the containers are placed
adequately.
Ensure that thermal blanket is wrapped for an air
shipment.
In case of shipment, mode changed from sea to air,
ensure that thermal blanket is wrapped. If shipment
mode is changed from air to sea, remove the
thermal blanket.
Ensure that data loggers are placed in the shipment
as defined for the respective product, customer,
and mode of shipment.
Ensure that the data logger is ON during shipment.
During the rainy season, depending on
transportation mode and route, additional layering
of the pellet can be done using poly bags to protect
the goods.

The scope of this SOP is applicable for Storage and

Dispatch of Finished Goods from the finished goods
store at [company name].

Finished Goods Store: Storage of finished goods,

loading finished goods in the container or
transportation vehicle. Placement of data logger
with the finished goods to be shipped.

Quality Assurance: To release of finished goods and

checking batches to be shipped and container to be
used for transportation.

Logistic department: Arrangement of the vehicle

from the approved transporter to ship the
consignment. Preparation of documentation
required for transportation and export of finished
goods. To provide details to finished goods store
regarding vehicle arrangement.

Approved transporter: Transportation of export

consignment to seaport or airline cargo, checking
documents’ adequacy for appropriateness. Finished
goods shall be received from the packing
department along with the batch details.
The document shall contain information about
product name, product code, batch number,
manufacturing date, expiry date, and packed
quantity.
Ensure that all the containers shall have labels and
quantity details. On receipt of the batch in the
finished goods store, batch details shall be verified
against the documents received.
Entry of material receipt shall be done in respective
logs/ software.
The goods shall be stored at appropriate storage
conditions as per labeled storage conditions. The
batch shall be stored in the quarantine area/ under
test area.
Location details shall be updated in the respective
area log/ software.
Finished goods shall be arranged in the storage area
in such a manner to prevent contamination, cross-
contamination, and mix-ups.
Once QA releases the batch, it shall be transferred
from the quarantine area to the approved area.

2. Dispatch of finished goods:

Get the weight chart for the consignment with

details of batch number, container number, gross,
tare, and net weight and share it with the logistic
department.
Logistics shall arrange the container for the
consignment at the plant.
Before consignment, check the mode of
transportation. For example, if the mode of
transportation is by air, the finished goods store
person shall wrap the pallet with a thermal blanket.
Before shipment, the finished goods store person
shall wrap pallets with stretch film.
Finished goods store person shall ensure that the
arranged transporter is approved by QA
department and agreement with the transporter is
valid.