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SS 1

The skeletal system consists of bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments, and tendons, serving functions such as support, mineral storage, blood cell production, leverage for movement, and protection of vital organs. Bones are classified by location into axial and appendicular skeletons, and by shape into long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones. Each type of bone has distinct characteristics and examples, contributing to the overall structure and function of the skeletal system.

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4 views12 pages

SS 1

The skeletal system consists of bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments, and tendons, serving functions such as support, mineral storage, blood cell production, leverage for movement, and protection of vital organs. Bones are classified by location into axial and appendicular skeletons, and by shape into long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones. Each type of bone has distinct characteristics and examples, contributing to the overall structure and function of the skeletal system.

Uploaded by

ghv5157
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Component s of skelet al syst em


● Bones (skelet on)

● Joint s

● Car t ilages

● Ligament s (connect bone t o bone)

● Tendons (connect bone t o muscle)

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Funct ions of t he Skelet al Syst em
Suppor t
Pr ovides t he f ramewor k f or t he at t achment of t he or gans

St orage of minerals
Calciumions: 98 per cent of t he body’s calciumions ar e in t he
bones
Phosphat e ions

Blood cell pr oduct ion


Bone mar r ow pr oduces er yt hr ocyt es, leukocyt es, and
3 plat elet s 2026/3/28
Cont ’d
Leverage
Muscles pull on t he bones t o produce movement

Pr ot ect ion
Ribs prot ect hear t and lungs
Skull prot ect s t he brain
Ver t ebrae prot ect t he spinal cord
Pelvic bones prot ect t he reproduct ive organs

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Classifi cat ion of bone
I . Accor ding t o t heir Locat ion
Axial Skelet on
Long axis of t he body
80 bones in t hr ee maj or r egions
Skull
Ver t ebral column
Bony t horax
Ribs
St er num

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Cont ’d
Appendicular Skelet on
Bones of upper & lower ext r emit ies
and gir dles
126 bones in t hr ee maj or r egions
Gir dles
Shoulder gir dle
Pelvic gir dle
upper ext r emit y
lower ext r emit y

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I I . Accor ding t o t heir
Shape
Long

Shor t

Flat

I r r egular

Sesamoid

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Long Bones

● Typically longer t han wide


● Have a shaft wit h heads at bot h
ends
● Cont ain most ly compact bone
● Eg:-
● Femur (t high bone)
● Tibia and fi bula (leg bones),
● Humer us (ar mbone),
● Ulna and radius (forear m
8 bones). 2026/3/28
Shor t bones
● They ar e shor t & is somewhat cube-
shaped and ar e near ly equal in
lengt h and widt h.
Eg:-
● The car pal (wr ist ) bones and
● The t ar sal (ankle) bones

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Flat bones
They ar e f lat & t hin.
I t is composed of t wo near ly parallel plat es
of compact bone t issue enclosing a layer of
spongy bone t issue.
Flat bones af f or d considerable pr ot ect ion
and pr ovide ext ensive ar eas f or muscle
at t achment .
● Eg:-
● The cranial bones
● The st er numand r ibs,
● The scapulae.
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I r r egular bones
● They ar e ir r egular in shape
●Eg:-
● The ver t ebrae
● The hip bones
● Some f acial bones
● The calcaneus

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Sesamoid bones
● Bones develop in cer t ain t endons wher e t her e is considerable
f r ict ion, t ension, and physical st r ess, such as t he palms and soles.
● Sesamoid bones pr ot ect t endons f r omexcessive wear and t ear.
● Eg:- The pat ellae, t he lar gest sesamoid bones

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