CHEMISTRY
CH 4 - STRUCTURE OF ATOM – EXERCISE QUSTIONS
GRADE 9
For questions - Refer Textbook Pg. No: 46, 47, 48.
1. Ans:
2. The limitations of J.J. Thomson model of the atom are:
It could not explain the result of scattering experiment performed by
Rutherford
It did not have any experiment support.
3. According to Rutherford’s model of an atom the electrons are revolving in a
circular orbit around the nucleus. Any such particle that revolves would
undergo acceleration and radiate energy. The revolving electron would lose
its energy and finally fall into the nucleus, the atom would be highly
unstable. But we know that atoms are quite stable
4. Bohr’s model of the atom
Atom has nucleus in the center.
Electrons revolve around the nucleus.
Certain special orbits known as discrete orbits of electrons are allowed
inside the atom.
While revolving in discrete orbits the electrons do not radiate energy.
These orbits or shells are called energy levels.
These orbits or shells are represented by the letters K, L, M, N or the
numbers n = 1, 2, 3, 4
5.
6. The rules for writing of distribution of electrons in various shells for the first
eighteen elements are:
The maximum number of electrons present in a shell is given by the
formula-2n2
∵ n = orbit number i.e., 1, 2, 3
∵ Maximum number of electrons in different shells are:
K shell n = 1 2n2 => 2(1)2 = 2
L shell n = 2 2n2 => 2(2)2 = 8
M shell n = 3 2n2 => 2(3)2 = 18
N shell n = 4 2n2 => 2(4)2 = 32
The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the
outermost orbit is 8.
Electrons are not accommodated in a given shell unless the inner
shells are filled. (Shells are filled step-wise).
7. The valency of an element is the combining capacity of that element.
Valency of Silicon – It has electronic configuration: 2, 8, 4. Thus, the
valency of silicon is 4 as these electrons can be shared with others to
complete octet
Valency of Oxygen – It has electronic configuration: 2, 6. Thus, the
valency of oxygen is 2 as it will gain 2 electrons to complete its octet.
8.
Atomic number: The atomic number of an element is equal to the
number of protons in the nucleus of its atom. e.g., Oxygen has 6
protons hence atomic no. = 6.
Mass number: The mass number of an atom is equal to the number
of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
Nucleons = number of protons + number of neutrons Example:
Protons + Neutrons = Nucleus = Mass number 6 + 6 = 12
Isotopes: Isotopes are atoms of the same element which have
different mass number but same atomic number
Isobars: Isobars are atoms having the same mass number but different
atomic numbers.
9. Sodium atom (Na), has atomic number =11
Number of protons =11
Number of electrons = 11
Electronic configuration of Na = K, L, M – 2, 8, 1
Sodium atom (Na) looses 1 electron to become stable and form Na+ ion.
Hence it has completely filled K and L shells
10.
11.
12. By Z=3, we mean that the atomic number of the element is 3. Its electronic
configuration is 1. Hence, the valency of the element is 1. Therefore, the
element with Z=3 is Lithium.
13.
Q. No - 14 to 18 do it in textbook
14.
a. false b. false c. true d. false
15. a. Atomic number
16. c. different number of neutrons
17. b. 8
18. d. 2,8,1
19. Do it in classwork notebook: