FLUID MECHANICS
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
SECTION (A) : MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION OF PRESSURE
A 1. We can cut an apple easily with a sharp knife as compared to with a blunt knife. Explain why?
A 2. Why mercury is used in barometers instead of water ?
A 3. Pressure 3 m below the free surface of a liquid is 15KN/m 2 in excess of atmosphere pressure. Determine its
density and specific gravity. [g = 10 m/sec2]
A 4. Two U-tube manometers are connected in series as shown in figure. Determine difference of pressure be-
tween X and Y. Take specific gravity of mercury as 13.6. (g = 10 m/s 2, Hg = 13600 kg/m 3 )
A 5. A rectangular vessel is filled with water and oil in equal proportion (by volume), the oil being twice
lighter than water. Show that the force on each wall of the vessel will be reduced by one fifth if the
vessel is filled only with oil. (take into consideration the fact that the oil is found at the top of the
vessel). (Assume atmospheric pressure is negligible)
SECTION (B) : ARCHEMEDIES PRINCIPLE AND FORCE OF BUOYANCY
B 1. A cube of wood supporting a 200 gm mass just floats in water. When the mass is removed the cube
rises by 2 cm at equilibrium. Find side of the cube.
B 2. A solid ball of density half that of water falls freely under gravity from a height of 19.6 m and then enter
water. Upto what depth will the ball go ? How much time will it take to come again to the water surface?
Neglect air resistance, viscosity effects of water and energy loss due to collision at water surface.
(g = 9.8 m/s2)
B 3. A metallic square plate is suspended as shown in figure. The plate is made to dip in water such that level of
water is well above that of the plate. The point ‘x’ is then slowely raised at constant velocity. Sketch the
variation of tension T in string with the displacement ‘s’ of point x.
FLUID MECHANICS
SECTION (C) : CONTINUITY EQUATION & BERNOULLI THEOREM AND THEIR APPLICATION
C 1. Calculate the rate of flow of glycerine of density 1.25 x103 kg/m 3 through the conical section of a pipe
placed horizentally, if the radii of its ends are 0.1m and 0.04 m and the pressure drop across its length
is 10 N/m².
C 2. Consider the Venturi tube of Figure. Let area A equal 5a. Suppose the pressure at A is 2.0 atm.
Compute the values of velocity 'v' at ‘A’ and velocity 'v at ‘a’ that would make the pressure p at 'a' equal
to zero. Compute the corresponding volume flow rate if the diameter at A is 5.0 cm. (The phenomenon
at a when p falls to nearly zero is known as cavitation. The water vaporizes into small bubbles.)
(Patm = 105 N/m 2).
C 3. Water flows through a horizontal tube of variable cross-section (figure). The area of cross-section at A and B
are 4 mm2 and 2 mm2 respectively. If 1 cc of water enters per second through A, find (a) the speed of water
at A, (b) the speed of water at B and (c) the pressure difference P A – PB.
C 4. Suppose the tube in the previous problem is kept vertical with A upward but the other conditions remain the
same. The separation between the cross-section at A and B is 15/16 cm. Repeat parts (a), (b) and (c) of the
previous problem. Take g = 10 m/s2.
C 5. Suppose the tube in the previous problem is kept vertical with B upward. Water enters through B at the rate
of 1 cm3/s. Repeat part (a), (b) and (c). Note that the speed decreases as the water falls down.
PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
SECTION (A) : MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION OF PRESSURE
A 1. Figure here shown the vertical cross-section of a vessel filled with a liquid of density . The normal
thrust per unit area on the walls of the vessel at point. P, as shown, will be
(A) h g (B) H g (C) (H – h) g (D) (H – h) g cos
A 2. A tank with length 10 m, breadth 8 m and depth 6m is filled with water to the top. If g = 10 m s –2 and
density of water is 1000 kg m –3, then the thrust on the bottom is
(A) 6 × 1000 × 10 × 80 N (B) 3 × 1000 × 10 × 48 N
(C) 3 × 1000 × 10 × 60 N (D) 3 × 1000 × 10 × 80 N
A 3. In a hydraulic lift, used at a service station the radius of the large and small piston are in the ratio of
20 : 1. What weight placed on the small piston will be sufficient to lift a car of mass 1500 kg ?
(A) 3.75 kg (B) 37.5 kg (C) 7.5 kg (D) 75 kg.
FLUID MECHANICS
A 4. Two vessels A and B of different shapes have the same base area and are filled with water up to the
same height h (see figure). The force exerted by water on the base is F A for vessel A and FB for vessel
B. The respective weights of the water filled in vessels are W A and W B. Then
(A) F A > F B ; W A > W B (B) F A = F B ; W A > W B
(C) F A = F B ; W A < W B (D) F A > F B ; W A = W B
A 5 (a) The cubical container ABCDEFGH which is completely filled with an ideal (nonviscous and
incompressible) fluid, moves in a gravity free space with a acceleration of
a = a0 ( î ĵ k̂ )
where a0 is a positive constant. Then the only point in the container where pressure is maximum, is
(A) B (B) C (C) E (D) F
(b) In previous question pressure will be minimum at point –
(A) A (B) B (C) H (D) F
A 6*. Pressure gradient in a static fluid is represented by (z–direction is vertically upwards, and x-axis is
along horizontal,d is density of fluid) :
p p p p
(A) = – dg (B) = dg (C) =0 (D) =0
z x x z
A 7*. The vessel shown in Figure has two sections of area of cross-section A 1 and A2. A liquid of density fills both
the sections, up to height h in each. Neglecting atomospheric pressure,
A1
h
A2
h
(A) the pressure at the base of the vesel is 2 h g
(B) the weight of the liquid in vessel in equal to 2 h g
(C) the force exerted by the liquid on the base of vessel is 2 h g A2
(D) the walls of the vessel at the level X exert a force h g (A2 – A1) downwards on the liquid.
FLUID MECHANICS
SECTION (B) : ARCHEMEDIES PRINCIPLE AND FORCE OF BUOYANCY
B 1. The density of ice is x gm/cc and that of water is y gm/cc. What is the change in volume in cc, when
m gm of ice melts ?
(A) M (y – x) (B) (y – x)/m (C) mxy (x – y) (D) m (1/y – 1/x)
B 2. The reading of a spring balance when a block is suspended from it in air is 60 newton. This reading is
changed to 40 newton when the block is submerged in water. The specific gravity of the block must be
therefore :
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) 3/2
B 3. A block of volume V and of density b is placed in liquid of density l(l > b), then block is moved
upward upto a height h and it is still in liquid. The increase in gravitational potential energy of the
system is :
(A) bVgh (B) (b + l)Vgh (C) (b – l)Vgh (D) none of these
B 4. A block of steel of size 5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm is weighed in water. If the relative density of steel is 7. Its
apparent weight is :
(A) 6 × 5 × 5 × 5 gf (B) 4 × 4 × 4 × 7 gf (C) 5 × 5 × 5 × 7 gf (D) 4 × 4 × 4 × 6 gf
B 5. A metallic sphere floats in an immiscible mixture of water ( w = 10 3 kg/m 3 ) and a liquid
(L = 13.5 × 103) with (1/5)th portion by volume in the liquid. The density of the metal is :
(A) 4.5 × 103 kg/m 3 (B) 4.0 × 103 kg/m 3 (C) 3.5 × 103 kg/m 3 (D) 1.9 × 103 kg/m 3
B 6. Two bodies are in equilibrium when suspended in water from the arms of a balance. The mass of one
body is 36 g and its density is 9 g/cc. If the mass of the other is 48 g, its density in g/cc is :
(A) 4/3 (B) 3/2 (C) 3 (D) 5
B 7. In order that a floating object be in a stable rotation equilibrium, its centre of buoyancy should be
(A) vertically above its centre of gravity (B) vertically below its centre of gravity
(C) horizontally in line with its centre of gravity (D) may be anywhere
B 8. A body floats in a liquid contained in a beaker. The whole system
as shown in figure falls freely under gravity. The upthrust on
the body is : [IIT - 1982 - 3]
(A) zero
(B) equal to the weight of the liquid displaced
(C) equal to the weight of the body in air
(D) equal to the weight of the immersed portion of the body
SECTION (C) : CONTINUITY EQUATION AND BERNOULLI THEOREM & THEIR APPLICATION
C 1. A tank is filled with water up to height H. Water is allowed to come out
of a hole P in one of the walls at a depth D below the surface of water.
Express the horizontal distance x in terms of H and D :
D(H D)
(A) x = D(H D ) (B) x =
2
(C) x = 2 D(H D) (D) x = 4 D(H D )
C 2. A fixed cylindrical vessel is filled with water up to height H. A hole is bored in the wall at a depth h from
the free surface of water. For maximum horizontal range h is equal to :
(A) H (B) 3H/4 (C) H/2 (D) H/4
FLUID MECHANICS
C 3. An incompressible liquid flows through a horizontal tube as shown
in the figure. Then the velocity ' v ' of the fluid is :
(A) 3.0 m/s (B) 1.5 m/s
(C) 1.0 m/s (D) 2.25 m/s
C 4. For a fluid which is flowing steadily, the level in the vertical tubes is best represented by
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
C 5.* A cylindrical vessel of 90 cm height is kept filled upto the brim. It has
four holes 1, 2, 3, 4 which are respectively at heights of 20cm, 30 cm, 4
40 cm and 50 cm from the horizontal floor PQ. The water falling at the 3
maximum horizontal distance from the vessel comes from 2
(A) hole number 4 (B) hole number 3
(C) hole number 2 (D) hole number 1. 1
P Q
C 6. There are two identical small holes on the opposite sides of a tank containing
a liquid. The tank is open at the top. The difference in height between the
two holds is h. As the liquid comes out of the two holes, the tank will
experience a net horizontal force proportional to:
(A) h1/2 (B) h (C) h3/2 (D) h2
C 7. A cylindrical tank of height 0.4 m is open at the top and has a diameter 0.16 m. Water is filled in it up
to a height of 0.16 m. how long it will take to empty the tank through a hole of radius 5×10–3 m in its
bottom.
(A) 46.26 sec. (B) 4.6 sec. (C) 462.6 sec. (D) .46 sec.
FLUID MECHANICS
PART - I
SECTION (A) :
A 1. Sharp kinife applies more pressure as com-
pare to blunt knifte because of lesser area of
contact.
A 2. It is having high specific gravity.
A 3. 500 kg/m 3 , 0.5
A 4. If g = 9.8 m/s2 , 248 136 N/m 2 ,
If g = 10m/s2 , 253200 N/m2
SECTION (B) :
B 1. 10 cm B 2. 19.6 m, 4 sec
B 3.
SECTION (C) :
C 1. 6.43 x 104 m 3/s
C 2. v = 4.1 m/s ; v = 21 m/s ;
Av = 8.1 x 103 m 3 /sec
C 3. (a) 25 cm/s, (b) 50 cm/s (c) 94 N/m 2
C 4. (a) 25 cm/s, (b) 50 cm/s (c) zero
C 5. (a) 25 cm/s, (b) 50 cm/s (c) 188 N/m 2
PART - II
SECTION (A) :
A 1. C A 2. A A 3. A
A 4. B A 5 (a) A, (b) C
A 6. AC A 7. ACD
SECTION (B) :
B 1. D B 2. A B 3. C
B 4. A B 5. C B 6. C
B 7. A B 8. A
SECTION (C) :
C 1. C C 2. C C 3. C
C 4. A C 5. A C 6. B
C 7. A