Control Valve
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agrajsingh04Control Valve
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agrajsingh04Directional Control Valves:
A Directional Control valve controls the direction of a fluid in the hydraulic system passing.
The device redirects or stops the fluid flow with the help of an internal mechanism in the valve.
Valves contain ports that are external openings for fluid to enter and leave via connecting
pipelines, The number of ports on a directional control valve (DCV) is usually identified by
the term “way”.
Different types of DCVs are classified based on the fluid path:
1. Check Valve
2. Shuttle Valves
3. Two-way valves
4. Three-way valves
5. Four-way valves
Check Valves:
The type of DCV allows fluid flow only in one direction.
Fluid flows through the inlet, a small pressure is needed to open the valve seat in this direction.
The valve opens when there is a flow through the inlet. Here the figure above shows a ball-
type check valve.
Whenever there is a flow opposite to this direction the valve shuts. The pressure in the opposite
direction presses the ball against the valve seat, thus closing the path.
Shuttle valve:
A shuttle valve allows the flow in two different directions.
Two positions of the shuttle valve are shown here. When the pressure of the flow on one side
increases the valve closes the other path. The closing/opening condition for both paths are
illustrated in the above figure.
Shuttle valves are used where there are two pumps which are used in a way if one fails to
maintain the outlet pressure the other pump supply the flow as a backup.
Spool type valve:
Spool-type valves are commonly used as they can be transferred to two, three, or more routing
fluid locations between various inlet and outlet port combinations. These are commonly used
for steering control of actuators because a single valve can produce extension, retraction, and
neutrality:
There are three variants of spool-type valve
1. Two-way
2. three-way
3. Four-way valves:
Two-way Valves:
Two-way valves are also simple two positions ON/OFF valves but are actuated by actuators
such as solenoid actuators, hydraulic actuators, etc.
There are normally closed and normally opened two-way valves, external actuation is needed
to do the position change of the valve actuator. A flow path is established or closed when the
actuator is moved. These valves are also called on-off valves.
Three-way valves:
These valves have three nodes that’s why named three-way valves and three-way valves allow
two positions of actuation in ON condition.
A three-way valve has two plug actuators each plug controls the flow in two different ways.
The two plug positions are shown in the above figure. When one of the plugs closes a node
other one opens the other node. This normally closed valve neutralizes the position of the
actuator closing both nodes to close the valve.
Three-way directional valves are available for manual, mechanical, pilot, and solenoid
actuation.
Four-way Valve:
Four-way valves or three-position valves which got three working positions for the actuators
to control the flow direction.
These valves are generally used to operate cylinders and fluid motors in both directions
hydraulically.
These valves are available with a choice of actuation, manual, mechanical, solenoid, pilot &
pneumatic. The Four-way valve comes with two or three positions. One should note that the
graphical symbol of the valve shows only one tank port even though the physical design may
have two as it is only concerned with the function.
Three-position, four-way DCVs have different varieties of center configurations. The common
varieties are the open center, closed center, tandem center, floating center, & regenerative
center with open, closed, and tandem being the three basic types