Physics X2C.

One-Dimensional Motion Version 2023

X2C. One-Dimensional Motion

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1. Find a false statement regarding a particle.
(a) In reality, a particle (a massive object whose volume is zero) does not exist.
(b) A particle does not have a volume but has a mass.
(c) The density of a particle is infinite.
(d) As a mathematical imagination, the particle is a useful approximation of an object whose
internal structure is ignorable during the interaction of your concern. However, it is not an
absolutely correct concept.
2. Find a false statement about the one-dimensional position vector x = xê1.
(a) In one dimension, the position can be described by a one-dimensional vector x = xê1.
(b) x is a real number.
(c) x has dimensions of length.
(d) ê1 = x/|x|, where |x| is the length. Hence, ê1 is always dimensionless.
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Physics X2C. One-Dimensional Motion Version 2023

3. Find a false statement regarding the unit vector ê1 in one-dimensional Euclidean space.
(a) ê1 is invariant under translation.
(b) There are only two choices of ê1 that differ in orientation.
(c) The length of ê1 is 1 that is dimensionless.
(d) Descartes introduced the Cartesian coordinate system.
4. Find a false statement regarding the one-dimensional vector x = xê1.
(a) x is positive if x is parallel to ê1.
(b) x is negative if x is antiparallel to ê1.
(c) x is 0 if the magnitude of x vanishes.
(d) The unit vector ê1 has the length 1 which is dimensionless.
5. Find a false statement regarding the scalar product of two vectors x = xê1 and y = y ê1 in one
dimension.
(a) x · x is 0 if and only if x = 0.
(b) x · y > 0 if and only if x and y are of the same orientation.
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Physics X2C. One-Dimensional Motion Version 2023

(c) x · y = xy always.
(d) x · y < 0 is not forbidden. For example, x · y < 0 if x and y are in opposite directions.
6. Find a false statement regarding the distance between two points whose position vectors are
x = xê1 and y = y ê1.
(a) The distance is |x − y|.
(b) A negative distance is forbidden.
p
(c) The distance can be expressed as (x − y) · (x − y).
p
(d) The distance can be expressed as (x − y)2.
7. Find a false statement regarding the periodic motion of a particle in one dimension restricted to
the region [0, a]. x[nT ] = 0 and x[(n + 12 )T ] = aê1 for n = 0, 1, 2, · · ·
(a) The displacement x[T ] − x[ 12 T ] is −aê1.
(b) The average velocity during the time interval [ 12 T, T ] is − 2a
T ê1 . The average speed during
the time interval [ 12 T, T ] is 2a
T.
(c) The average velocity during the time interval [0, 3T ] is 0.
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Physics X2C. One-Dimensional Motion Version 2023

8. Find a false statement.

(a) If the position of a particle is given by x(t) = x0eλtê1, then the dimensions of λ must be
[T ]−1.
(b) α + α2 is defined only if the physical variable α is dimensionless.
x x n


(c) e = limn→∞ lim 1 + n .
(d) If βekx is a physical quantity, where x is the displacement of a particle, then the dimensions
of k is [L]−1.
9. The Taylor-series expansions of sine and cosine functions about x = 0 are

x3 x5
sin x = x − + − · · · ,
3! 5!
x2 x4
cos x = 1 − + − · · · .
2! 4!
Find a false statement regarding a sinusoidal function.
(a) The displacement of a pendulum can be approximated in terms of a sinusoidal function.
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Physics X2C. One-Dimensional Motion Version 2023

(b) A sinusoidal function is either a sine or cosine function. They are related to each other by a
finite translation and a reflection: cos x = sin π2 − x .

(c) The expression such as sin(kx − ωt) is a well-defined physical quantity, where k is of
dimensions [L]−1 and ω is of dimensions [T ]−1.
(d) If a sinusoidal function appears in an expression for a physical variable, then the argument
of the sinusoidal function must be dimensionless.
10. Find a false statement regarding the following plot:

O
(a) This two-dimensional plane looks like a Euclidean space mathematically.
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(b) Physically, the space (t, x) does not construct a Euclidean space because of the mismatches
in the dimensions of the two coordinates.
(c) The slope ∆x
∆t multiplied by the unit basis vector ê1 along the x axis represents the average
velocity of the particle during the time interval [t, t + ∆t].
(d) The area of a polygon on the (t, x) plane has the dimensions of [L][T ].
11. Find a false statement regarding the motion of a particle with the displacement x(t) = A cos 2πt
C ê1 .
(a) The particle is isolated in the region x ∈ [−A, A].
(b) The particle makes a periodic motion with the period T = C .
(c) The dimensions of A are [L].
(d) The velocity of the particle at t = 12 C is 0.
12. Find a false statement regarding the motion of a particle with the displacement x(t) = −A|t|ê1.
(a) The particle has the velocity Aê1 for t < 0.
(b) The particle has the velocity −Aê1 for t > 0.
(c) There is a discontinuity in the velocity at t = 0.
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Physics X2C. One-Dimensional Motion Version 2023

(d) The trajectory represents an ideal reflection of a ball against a rigid wall.
13. Find a false statement involving the Leibniz rule for the time derivative of a product function.
Here, A, B , and C are functions of time.
d
 
(a) dt AB = ȦB + AḂ .
d
 
(b) dt ABC = ȦBC + AḂC + AB Ċ .
d
 
(c) dt ABCD = ȦBCD + AḂCD + AB ĊD + ABC Ḋ.
d2
 
(d) dt2 AB = ÄB + 2ȦḂ + AB̈ .
14. Find a false statement with respect to the following plot

O
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Physics X2C. One-Dimensional Motion Version 2023

(a) The red trapezoid and yellow trapezoid have the same area.
(b) The area of the red trapezoid has the dimensions of [L].
(c) The average speed of the particle during the time interval [t1, t2] is 21 (v1 + v2)ê1.
(d) The acceleration of the particle is a = (v2 − v1)ê1/(t2 − t1).
15. Find a false statement regarding the exponential function.
x x n


(a) e = limn→∞ 1 + n .
x n Pn n! x k



(b) The binomial expansion can be used to find that 1 + =n k=0 k!(n−k)! n = 1+
x

n(n−1) x
2 n(n−1)(n−2) x
3
n n + 2! n + 3! n + ···
h i P
x

n(n−1) x

2 n(n−1)(n−2) x

3 ∞ xk
(c) limn→∞ 1 + n n + 2! n + 3! n + · · · = k=0 k! .
d x P∞ xk
(d) dx e = k=0 k! .

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Physics X2C. One-Dimensional Motion Version 2023
d
1 d n


16. We define e ≡ limn→∞ 1 +
dx
n dx .
Find a false statement.
d P∞ 1 dn
(a) e = n=0 n! dαn , where α is a dimensionless variable.
dα

d
a dx
P∞ an dn
(b) e = n=0 n! dxn , where x is a displacement and a is a constant of dimension [L].
an dn f (x)
(c) ea dx f (x) = ∞
d P
n=0 n! dxn = f (x + a).
d
(d) If g(x) = ea dx f (x), then the nth order derivative of g(x) at x = 0 is the same as that of f (x)
at x = a multiplied by an.
P∞ an n
17. Find a false statement regarding the Taylor-series expansion f (x) = n=0 n! x of the exponen-
tial function f (x) = ex about x = 0.
n
d
(a) an is the nth-order derivative of f (x) at x = 0: an = dx n f (x) x=0 .

d x d x n

x n−1 d

x

n· n1 x n


(b) dx e = dx limn→∞ 1 + n = limn→∞ n 1 + n · dx 1 + n = limn→∞ 1+ x 1 + n =
n
x
e .
(c) For any n, the nth-order derivative of ex is ex.
(d) For any n, the nth-order derivative of ex at x = 0 is 1 for any n = 0, 1, 2, · · ·
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Physics X2C. One-Dimensional Motion Version 2023
P∞ an n
18. Find a false statement regarding the Taylor-series expansion f (x) = n=0 n! x of the sine
function f (x) = sin x about x = 0.
d d
(a) dx sin x = cos x and dx cos x = − sin x.
d2k k d2k+1 k
(b) dx 2k sin x = (−1) sin x and dx 2k+1 sin x = (−1) cos x.
d2k d2k+1 k
(c) dx 2k sin x x=0
= 0 and dx 2k+1 sin x x=0
= (−1) .
P∞ (−1)k 2k+1
(d) sin x = k=0 (2k+1)! x .
P∞ an n
19. Find a false statement regarding the Taylor-series expansion f (x) = n=0 n! x of the cosine
function f (x) = cos x about x = 0.
d d
(a) dx cos x = − sin x and dx sin x = cos x.
d2k k d2k+1
(b) dx2k cos x = (−1) cos x and dx2k+1 cos x = (−1)k+1 sin x.
d2k k d2k+1
(c) dx2k cos x x=0 = (−1) and dx2k+1 cos x x=0 = 0.
P∞ (−1)k 2k
(d) cos x = k=0 (2k)! x .

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Physics X2C. One-Dimensional Motion Version 2023

20. Find a false statement regarding eix, where x ∈ R.

±ix
P∞ (±ix)n
(a) e = n=0 n! .
±ix
P∞ (±ix)2k P∞ (±ix)2k+1
(b) e = k=0 (2k)! + k=0 (2k+1)! .
±ix
P∞ (−1)k x2k P∞ (−1)k x2k+1
(c) e = k=0 (2k)! ± i k=0 (2k+1)! .
(d) cos x = 12 (eix + e−ix) and sin x = 1 ix
2i (e − e−ix).

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