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The document explains energy transfer in chemical processes, focusing on endothermic and exothermic reactions. Endothermic reactions absorb heat, lowering surrounding temperatures, while exothermic reactions release heat, raising surrounding temperatures. Both types of reactions involve energy changes due to the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.

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Nayera Hisham
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4 views1 page

Science Project

The document explains energy transfer in chemical processes, focusing on endothermic and exothermic reactions. Endothermic reactions absorb heat, lowering surrounding temperatures, while exothermic reactions release heat, raising surrounding temperatures. Both types of reactions involve energy changes due to the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.

Uploaded by

Nayera Hisham
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Science Project

2nd term
Energy transfer in chemical processes occurs when energy is either absorbed or
released as a result of the reaction. This transfer can take two main forms:
endothermic and exothermic reactions.
Endothermic Reactions
In an endothermic reaction, energy is absorbed from the surroundings, usually in
the form of heat. This results in a decrease in the temperature of the surroundings.
The energy absorbed is used to break the bonds in the reactants. A classic example
of an endothermic process is when ammonium nitrate dissolves in water. During
this process, the ammonium nitrate absorbs heat from the water, causing the water
temperature to drop.
Exothermic Reactions
In an exothermic reaction, energy is released into the surroundings, typically as
heat. This causes the temperature of the surroundings to rise. Exothermic reactions
occur when the bonds in the reactants are broken and new bonds are formed in the
products, releasing more energy than was initially required. A common example is
the reaction between baking soda and vinegar, where the reaction releases energy
in the form of heat and sometimes gas (carbon dioxide).
Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions
In both types of reactions, energy transfer happens due to the breaking and forming
of chemical bonds.
1. Breaking bonds: This process requires energy input (endothermic).
2. Forming bonds: This releases energy (exothermic).
If the total energy released in bond formation is greater than the energy required to
break bonds, the reaction is exothermic. If more energy is needed to break bonds
than is released during bond formation, the reaction is endothermic.
In summary:
 Endothermic reactions absorb heat and decrease the surrounding
temperature.
 Exothermic reactions release heat and increase the surrounding
temperature.
Both types of reactions illustrate how chemical changes involve energy transfers
between substances.

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