1. A 0.

50 kg block attached to an ideal spring with a spring constant of 80 N/m oscillates on

a horizontal frictionless surface. The total mechanical energy is 0.12 J. The greatest
extension of the spring from its equilibrium position is:
A) 1.5 x 10-3 m B) 3.0 x 10-3 m C) 0.039 m
D) 0.054 m E) 18 m

2. A block is attached to the end of an ideal spring and moved from coordinate xi to coordinate
xf. The relaxed position is at x = 3. The work done by spring is positive if:
A) xi = 2 cm and xf = 4 cm B) xi = –2 cm and xf = 4 cm
C) xi = –2 cm and xf = –4 cm D) xi = 2 cm and xf = –4 cm
E) xi = 0 cm and xf = –4 cm

3. A block rests on a rough horizontal surface (𝜇𝑠 = 0.50, 𝜇𝑘 = 0.40). A constant horizontal
force, just sufficient to start the block in motion, is applied. The acceleration of the block,
in m/s2, is:
A) 0 B) 0.98 C) 3.3 D) 4.5 E) 8.9

4. The index of refraction of benzene is 1.80. The critical angle for total internal reflection, at
a benzene-air interface, is about:
A) 56 o B) 47 o C) 34 o D) 22 o E) 18 o

5. In a 1901 circus performance, Allo “Dare Devil” Diavolo introduced the stunt of riding a
bicycle in a loop-the-loop. Assuming that the loop is a circle with radius R = 2.7 m, what
is the least speed v (in m/s) that Diavolo and his bicycle could have at the top of the loop
to remain in contact with it there?
(A) 4.1 (B) 5.1 (C) 6.1 (D) 7.1 (E) 8.1

6. For a block of mass m to slide without friction up the rise of height h shown, it must have
a minimum initial speed of:

1
A) 2 √𝑔ℎ B) √𝑔ℎ/2 C) √2𝑔ℎ D)2√2𝑔ℎ E) 2√𝑔ℎ

7. A projectile of mass 0.50 kg is fired with an initial speed of 10 m/s at an angle of 60 above
the horizontal. The potential energy of the projectile-Earth system when the projectile is at
its highest point (relative to the potential energy when the projectile is at ground level) is:
A) 25 J B) 18.75 J C) 12.5 J D) 6.25 J E) 8.95 J

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8. A simple pendulum consists of a 2.0 kg mass attached to a string. It is released from rest
at X as shown. Its speed at the lowest point Y is:

A) 0.90 m/s B) 3.6 m/s C) 3.6 m/s D) 6 m/s E) 36 m/s

9. A 50 g bullet with a horizontal velocity of 400 m/s comes to rest 10 cm inside a solid
fixed wooden block. The magnitude of the change in mechanical energy (in J) is:
A) 10 B) 4x105 C) zero D) 4000 E) 980

10. The index of refraction for diamond is 2.5. Which of the following is correct for the
situation shown?

A) (sin a)/(sin b) = 2.5 B) (sin b)/(sin d) = 2.5 C) (cos a)/(cos c) = 2.5

D) (sin a)/(sin c) = 1/(2.5) E) a/c = 2.5

11. Consider radio waves (r), visible light (v), infrared (i), x-rays (x) and ultraviolet (u). In
order of increasing frequency, they are:
A) r,v,i,x,u B) r,i,v,u,x C) i,r,v,u,x D) x,u,v,i,r E) r,i,v,x,u

12. The human eyes are most sensitive to:

A) Red light B) violet light C) Blue light
D) Green light E) Equally sensitive to all colors

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1. In figure a (below), two forces are applied to a 4.00 kg block on a frictionless floor, but only
one force is indicated. That force has a fixed magnitude but can be applied at an adjustable angle
to the positive direction of the x axis. The 2nd force is horizontal and fixed in both magnitude and
angle. Figure b, below, gives the horizontal acceleration ax of the block for any given value of θ
from 0° to 90°.What is the value of ax for θ = 145°? (5)

2. A particle is to move along an x axis from x = 0 to x1 while a conservative force, directed along
the x axis, acts on the particle. The figure shows three situations in which the x component of that
force varies with x. The force has the same maximum magnitude F1 in all three situations. Rank
the situations according to the change in the associated potential energy during the particle’s
motion, most negative first. (Show all calculations / discussions) (3)

3. By using Newton’s second law, show that the ‘Work-Kinetic Energy’ theorem is valid for any
general, variable force. (5)

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4. Santa is being pulled along a ramp by Rudolph, the reindeer. He starts and ends at rest. A rope
pulls him (200 kg) up a slope at an incline angle of 30°, through a distance of d = 20 m. The
sleigh and its contents have a total mass of 200 kg). The snowy slope is so slippery that we
take it to be frictionless. How much work is done by each force acting on the sleigh? (3)

xf
5. Start with the formula W =  F ( x)dx to calculate the work W done on a particle by a variable
xi
2
force F(x) = 5x – 2x + 3 between xi = 4 and xf = 8 when the particle moves from xi to xf . (3)

6. Below a beam of initially unpolarised light is sent through three polarizing sheets whose
polarizing directions make angles 1 = 2 = 3 = 50° with the y axis. What percentage of the
light’s initial intensity is transmitted by the system of three sheets (Hint: Be careful with the
angles.) (4)

7. A beam of electrons strikes a molybdenum target, generating x-rays. Draw a graph of relative
intensity as a function of wavelength for the x-rays generated. You must label the continuous
and characteristic x-ray spectra and the cut-off wavelength in your graph. (3)

Some useful equations

𝑣2
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 𝐹 = −𝑘𝑥 𝑓 = 𝜇𝐹𝑁 𝑎= 𝑊 = 𝐹. 𝑥 U = ½kx2
𝑟
2𝜋𝑟
𝑇= U = mgh
𝑣

𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 − 𝑥0 = (𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃0 )𝑡

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 1 1
𝑥 − 𝑥0 = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2 𝑦 − 𝑦0 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃0 )𝑡 − 2 𝑔𝑡 2
𝑣 2 = 𝑣02 + 2𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃0 − 𝑔𝑡
1
𝑥 − 𝑥0 = 2 (𝑣0 + 𝑣)𝑡 𝑣𝑦2 = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃0 )2 − 2𝑔(𝑦 − 𝑦0 )
1 𝑔𝑥 2
𝑥 − 𝑥0 = 𝑣𝑡 − 2 𝑎𝑡 2 𝑦 = (tan 𝜃0 )𝑥 − 2(𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃0 )2
𝑣02
𝑅= 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃0
𝑔
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=𝒑+
𝒇 𝒊
𝒊 𝒉′
𝒎=− =
𝒑 𝒉

n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2

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