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Introduction

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science, mathematics, and statistics to analyze biological data, emerging in the late 20th century due to advancements in molecular biology and computer science. It involves developing methods and software tools to manage and interpret vast datasets generated by genomics and proteomics, driving discoveries in various biological areas. Key applications include molecular medicine, personalized medicine, drug development, and evolutionary studies.

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Junaid Furhan
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5 views9 pages

Introduction

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science, mathematics, and statistics to analyze biological data, emerging in the late 20th century due to advancements in molecular biology and computer science. It involves developing methods and software tools to manage and interpret vast datasets generated by genomics and proteomics, driving discoveries in various biological areas. Key applications include molecular medicine, personalized medicine, drug development, and evolutionary studies.

Uploaded by

Junaid Furhan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction

• Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and


software tools for understanding biological data.

• Bioinformatics emerged in the late 20th century as an


interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science,
mathematics, and statistics to analyse and interpret biological data.

• The development of bioinformatics as a field is the result of advances


in both molecular biology and computer science over the past 30–40
years.
• With advancements in genomics, proteomics, and other data-rich
technologies, managing the vast amounts of data generated by these fields
has become key.

• Bioinformatics develops methods and software to understand this data.


Experts working in this field write algorithms, create databases, develop
statistical techniques, and utilize powerful tools for analyzing sequences,
structures, and functions of DNA, RNA, and proteins.

• Researchers working with massive datasets that require computational


tools to manage and interpret data turn to bioinformatics.

• Through bioinformatics we can begin to understand complex biological


systems and drive discoveries in areas like genetics, molecular biology,
medicine, and evolutionary biology.
History

• Bioinformatics emerged in mid 1990s.

• From1965-78 Margaret O. Dayhoff established first database of protein sequences, published annually as
series of volume entitled “Atlas of protein sequence and structure”.

• During 1977 DNA sequences began to accumulate slowly in literature and it became more common to
predict protein sequences by translating sequenced genes than by direct sequencing of proteins.

• Thus number of uncharacterised proteins began to increase.

• In1980, there were enough DNA sequences to justify the establishment of the first nucleotide sequence
database, Gen Bank at National Centre for Biotechnology Information(NCBI), USA. NCBI served as primary
data bank provider for information.
• The European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) established at European
Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) in 1980. The aim of this data library was to collect, organize
and distribute nucleotide sequence data and related information.

• In 1986 DNA Data Bank was established by GemonNet, Japan.

• In 1984, the National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) established the protein
information Resource(PIR).

• All these databanks operate in close collaboration and regularly exchange data.

• Management and analysis of the rapidly accumulating sequence data required new
computer software and statistical tools.

• This attracted scientists from computer science and mathematics to the fast emerging
field of bioinformatics.
Applications
1. Molecular medicine.

2. Personalised medicine

3. Preventative medicine

4. Gene therapy

5. Drug development
6. Microbial genome applications

7. Waste cleanup

8. Antibiotic resistance

9. Evolutionary studies

10. Crop improvement


11. Insect resistance

12. Improve nutritional quality

13. Development of Drought resistance varieties

14. Veterinary Science

15. Comparative Studies

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