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Lesson 3 Compression Members

The document discusses the analysis and design of compression members, primarily focusing on columns that support vertical loads. It outlines modes of failure such as yielding and buckling, and introduces concepts like Euler buckling load and slenderness ratio, which are critical for determining the stability of compression members. Several examples are provided to compute design compressive strengths for different column configurations using specified steel properties.

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Jericho Nicolas
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2 views20 pages

Lesson 3 Compression Members

The document discusses the analysis and design of compression members, primarily focusing on columns that support vertical loads. It outlines modes of failure such as yielding and buckling, and introduces concepts like Euler buckling load and slenderness ratio, which are critical for determining the stability of compression members. Several examples are provided to compute design compressive strengths for different column configurations using specified steel properties.

Uploaded by

Jericho Nicolas
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Analysis and Design of

Compression Members
Compression members are structural elements that
are subjected only to axial compressive forces.
The most common type of compression member
occurring in buildings and bridges is the column, a
vertical member whose primary function is to
support vertical loads.
Mode of Failure/ Limit State on Compression
• Yielding (Crashing)
• Buckling
• Flexural Buckling - Bending occur
about the principal axis only
• Torsional Bucking - Torsion or
twisting
• Flexural - Torsional - Combination
of Flexural and Torsional
COLUMN THEORY
Consider the long, slender compression member
shown in Figure on the left. If the axial load P is
slowly applied, it will ultimately become large
enough to cause the member to become unstable
and assume the shape indicated by the dashed line.
The member is said to have buckled, and the
corresponding load is called the critical buckling load.

If the member is stockier, as shown in Figure on the


right, a larger load will be required to
bring the member to the point of instability. For
extremely stocky members, failure may occur by
compressive yielding rather than buckling.
Euler Buckling Load

Euler Buckling Formula


> Critical Axial Compression

> Critical Compressive Stress

k = effective length factor


kL = Le = Effective Length
r = Radius of gyration
E= Modulus of Elasticity of the Material
Effective Length Factor, k
Effective Lenght, kLe
Slender Ratio
The slenderness ratio. kL/r, of a compression member shall
not exceed 200. The graph below show the strength of a
compression member as a function of its slenderness

Slender Ratio
S.R. x = kL x / r x
S.R. y = kL y / r y

Critical Slenderness Ratio, Cc


Cc = 4.71√E /fy
Buckling
Two Groups of Column

Short/Intermediate Column
kL / r < Cc

Long Column
kL > Cc
NSCP 2015 General Provision
Example 1
Compute the design
compressive strength and
allowable compressive
strength of a W360 x 110
A992 steel that has a length
of 4m. Both ends are fixed
support.
Example 2
Determine the available
compressive strength of
W305 x 87 , pinned at both
ends and braced in the
weak directions at the third
points. A992 steel is used.
Use the following
properties : L= 7.5 m
Example 3
Compute for the Nominal Compressive Strength of a Built-up column 10-m long
consists of 350x90 with two 12x350 plates welded to form a box section. With
respect to x-axis column is fixed and with respect to y-axis, column is braced at mid-
height. (See Figure Next Slide)
Properties of WF section:
A = 11,540 mm
Ix = 2.66 x10 8 mm4
Iy = 0.44x10 8 mm4
bf = 250 mm
tf = 16 mm
tw = 10 mm
Fy = 250 MPa
Example 3
Example (DESIGN)
Given W14x82 properties, Compute the Maximum Length,
L if it is used as hinged column to support a service Dead
Load = 450 Kn and service Live Load of 900 Kn. Use A36
steel, LRFD only.
Ag = 15548 mm2
rx = 153.66 mm
ry = 62.94 mm

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