1.
Using S-DES perform encryption for the given plain text and the key
PT = 10100101 Key = 0010010111. Find k1, K2 and CT.
Key generation:
P10: 3 5 2 7 4 10 1 9 8 6
O/P of P10: 1000010111
Shift: 00001 01111 (shifting 1 bit to right)
P8: 6 3 7 4 8 5 10 9
O/P of P8: 00101111 K1
O/P of Shift is passed again to Shift: 00100 11101 (shifting 2 bits to right)
O/P of P8: 11101010 K2
K1= 00101111
K2= 11101010
Encryption:
8 bit PT is passed to IP
IP: 2 6 3 1 4 8 5 7
O/P of IP: 0111 0100
Right half is passed to E/P.
E/P: 4 1 2 3 2 3 4 1
O/P of E/P: 00101000
O/P of E/P is XORed with K1.
O/P of XOR: 00000111
0000 0111
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
S0= 0 1 0 3 2 S1= 0 0 1 2 3
1 3 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 3
2 0 2 1 3 2 3 0 1 0
3 3 1 3 2 3 2 1 0 3
0000 0111
S0 S1
Combine 1st and 4th bit then 2nd 3rd bit.
S0 (00) (00) 0 0
S1 (01) (11) 1 3
S0: 00Intersection of 0th row, 0th column in S0101
S1: 13Intersection of 1st row, 3rd column in S1311
0111 is passed to P4
P4: 2 4 3 1
O/P of P4: 1110
XOR 1110 with Right half 0100 to get 1001
Combine 1001 and right half 0100
1001 0100
O/P of Switching function: 0100 1001
Use right half 1001
O/P of E/P: 1100 0011
XOR with K2 to get: 0010 1001
S0:00 S1:10
O/P: 0010
O/P of P4: 0010 is XORed with 0100
O/P of XOR: 0110
Combine this and right half to get: 0110 1001
It is passed to IP-1.
IP-1: 4 1 3 5 7 2 8 6
O/P of IP-1: 0011 0110.
Ans: CT: 00110110
2. By Deffie-Hellman key exchange, find the value of k and also prove that keys at
the sender and receiver are same. Given the values: Xa=3,Xb=6,q=7.
Ya=αXa mod q
=53 mod 7
=6.
Yb=αXb mod q
=56 mod 10
=1
Key exchange at a:
(Yb)Xa mod q
= 13 mod 7
=1.
Key exchange at b:
(Ya) Xb mod q
=66 mod 7
=1.
So the key exchanges at the 2 sides are the same.
3. Perform RSA encryption and decryption with p=3,q=11,e=7,M=5.
Key Generation:
n=pq
=3*11=33
Ø(n)=(p-1)(q-1)
=20
ed=k Ø(n)+1
7d=k Ø(n)+1
Put k=1
7d=20+1
d=21/7=3.
Public key KU= {7, 33}, KR= {3, 33}
Encryption:
C=Me mod n
=57 mod 33
C=14
Decryption:
M=Cd mod n
=143 mod 33
M=5.
4. Find the value of d with p=5,q=11,e=3,M=9.
n=pq=55
Ø(n)=(p-1)(q-1)
=40
ed=k Ø(n)+1
Put k=5
3d=5(40)+1
=201/3
d =67
KU={3,55}
KR={67,55}
5. Find the value of d with p=7,q=11,e=17,M=8.
n=77
Ø(n)=120
ed= kØ(n)+1
11d=k (120)+1
put k=1
11d=121
d=11
KU={11,143}
KR={11,143}
6. Using elliptic curve cryptography with G=(2,7),B`s secret key is nb=7,Pm=(10,9)
and k=3. Find (i) Public key of B, Pb (ii) Determine ciphertext Cm (iii) Decrypt
Cm from Pm.
(i) B`s public key Pb
Pb=nb*G
=7(2,7)
Pb=(14,49).
(ii) Encryption : Cm
Cm={kG,Pm+kPb}
={3(2,7),(10,9)+3(14,49)}
={(6,21),(10,9)+(42,147)}
Cm={(6,21),(52,156)}.
(iii) Decryption : Pm
Pm=Pm+kPb-nb(kG)
We have got Cm={(6,21),(52,156)}.So by theory,
=(52,156)-7(3*(2,7))
=(52,156)-7(6,21)
=(52,156)-(42,147)
=(10,9)
Pm=(10,9) is proved.