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Fluids Notes 2026

The document provides an overview of fluid mechanics, including definitions of fluid, pressure, and buoyancy, as well as key principles like Pascal's Principle and Bernoulli's Principle. It discusses the conditions for ideal fluid flow, the concept of hydrostatic equilibrium, and includes practice problems related to pressure and buoyancy calculations. Additionally, it covers concepts such as the Law of Continuity and Archimedes' Principle, along with examples and equations relevant to fluid dynamics.

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dhruv.krishnatry99
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6 views8 pages

Fluids Notes 2026

The document provides an overview of fluid mechanics, including definitions of fluid, pressure, and buoyancy, as well as key principles like Pascal's Principle and Bernoulli's Principle. It discusses the conditions for ideal fluid flow, the concept of hydrostatic equilibrium, and includes practice problems related to pressure and buoyancy calculations. Additionally, it covers concepts such as the Law of Continuity and Archimedes' Principle, along with examples and equations relevant to fluid dynamics.

Uploaded by

dhruv.krishnatry99
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

FLUIDS NOTES (Unit 8)

Define fluid:

Examples:

Differences:

Density Equation: SI Unit:

Many examples compare a fluid or an object to water; the density of water for comparison is:

Will it float or sink?

Note with converting cm3 to m3:

Define Pressure:

Pressure Equation: SI Unit:

Examples:

Note:
Static – HydroStatic Equilibrium:

Floating vs. Submerged:

Example of forces surrounding a cube submerged in water:

Derived Equation for total/absolute pressure of a static equilibrium example:

How do we measure pressure?

What happens when an object experiences different pressures (on each side)?
Pascal’s Principle:

How do Hydraulic Lifts work?

Archimedes’ Principle:

Buoyant Force:
Dynamic Fluids

4 Conditions for Ideal Fluid Flow:

• Fluid is Non-viscous (no resistance to flow)


• Fluid has constant density (incompressible)
• Flow is Laminar & steady (not turbulent)
• Flow is non-rotational (no angular velocity)

During flow, _________________________ is conserved, even when moving through a funnel-like system.

___________________________ must be constant for a fluid moving by a reference point.

Law of Continuity:

Bernoulli’s Principle: Based on conservation of energy, this combines everything together.

Torecelli’s Theorum: extension of Bernoulli’s.


Practice Problems:

Given a 2m deep pool, what is the pressure at the bottom of the pool before it is filled with water?

After it is filled with water? Assume ground level air pressure is 1.01 X 105 Pa & Density of air is 1.23 kg/m3.

In fresh water, how deep would you dive for the pressure to be 1 atm greater than at the surface?

In sea water, how much force is required to pen a submarine’s hatch if the sub is 85 m below the surface
and the pressure inside the sub is 1 atm? (Hatch has an area of 2 m2)

We are told most of an iceberg is below the surface which is why they are dangerous to ships (Titanic!).
What percentage of an iceberg is submerged in the ocean?

Density of ice = 917 kg/m3; Density of ocean water = 1.025 x 103 kg/m3
The raft is made of solid square pinewood. Determine whether the raft floats in water and if so, how
much of the raft is beneath the surface, h, labeled in the picture. Density of pinewood = 550 kg/m3.

You have a plastic ball tied to the bottom of a fresh water tank, what is the tension in the string?

Density of ball = 600 kg/m3, radius of 2 cm.


A human aorta is about 2.5 cm in diameter. A capillary has a diameter of about 6 µm. A person at rest
has blood flowing about 20 cm/s in the aorta and 1 mm/s in a capillary.

Conversions:

a) Determine the volume flow rate in the aorta?

b) Determine the volume flow rate in the capillary?

c) Estimate the total number of capillaries supplied by the aorta?


Given the set up below for multi-tube system, determine the difference in height of the two water levels.

(Hint: 3-step with Bernoulli & Continuity)

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