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Arithmetic Expression

The document provides a comprehensive overview of arithmetic expressions, focusing on properties of whole numbers and integers, including closure, commutativity, associativity, and distributivity. It includes illustrative examples to demonstrate how to apply these properties in calculations and rearrangements to simplify arithmetic operations. Additionally, it contains exercises for practice and reinforces the importance of understanding these foundational concepts in mathematics.

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17 views16 pages

Arithmetic Expression

The document provides a comprehensive overview of arithmetic expressions, focusing on properties of whole numbers and integers, including closure, commutativity, associativity, and distributivity. It includes illustrative examples to demonstrate how to apply these properties in calculations and rearrangements to simplify arithmetic operations. Additionally, it contains exercises for practice and reinforces the importance of understanding these foundational concepts in mathematics.

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adriandemadridista
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
ARITHMETIC EXPRESSIONS LS ey vats) 5.1 Recapitulation 5:3 Comparing Expressions 5.2 Arithmetic Expressions ealieaaeaee 5.1. RECAPITULATION In earlier classes, we have learnt about counting numbers, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... These counting numbers are called natural numbers. Since we start counting from 1, therefore 1 is the smallest natural number. In order to describe the number of elements in a collection with no objects, we use the symbol ‘0’ called sero, The number 0 together with the natural numbers gives us the numbers 0,1, 2,3, 4... which are called whole numbers. We have also learnt about four fundamental operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division on whole numbers. These operations have the following properties: " CLOSURE PROPERTY Ifaand bare two whole numbers, then (i) a+bisa whole number. (ii) ab is a whole number. COMMUTATIVITY Ifaand bare two ‘whole numbers, then (Ja+b=b-+aie. addition of whole numbers is commutative. (ii) ab = ba ie. multiplication of whole numbers is commutative. In other words, the addition and the multiplication of two whole numbers remains same even if the order of whole numbers is changed. ASSOCIATIVITY Ifabc are any three whole numbers, then (i) (a+b) +c=a+(b+o) (ii) (ab) c=a (bc) In other words, the addition and the multiplication of whole numbers do not alter by changing the grouping of numbers. EXISTENCE OF ADDITIVE AND MULTIPLICATIVE IDENTITIES Ifaisany whole number, then ()a+0=a=0+a (i)ax1=a=1xa The whole numbers 0 and 1 are called the additive and multiplicative identities respectively. DISTRIBUTIVITY OF MULTIPLICATION OVER ADDITION Ifa,b,careany three whole numbers, then (ax (b+c)=axb+axc (ii) (b+0)xa=bxatcxa In other words, the multiplication of whole numbers distributes over their addition. The multiplication of the whole numbers is also distributive over their subtraction. Inother words, if a, b, care whole numbers such thatb>c, then (i) ax (b-c)=axb-axc (ii) (6-0) xa=bxa-cxa (iii) @ x b> a xc, provided that a is not equal to zero. REMARK Asa consequence of the commutativity and associativity of addition of whole numbers, we find that to add (multiply) four or more ‘numbers it is not necessary to add (multiply) them in the order they are given. We first group them in such a way that the calculation becomes easier and then find their sum (product as show in the following illustrations. AR. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES Many on 5 8 EXAMPLE 1 Find the sum of 654, 392 and 108 | hichis amuli ; £392 and 108 is 500, w! ple of 199, SOLUTION We observe that the sum 7 owe stad these wo and then ret Al, add a multiple of 100 toa givennunber , sual find the required sum as shown below: - ie 654 +392 + 108 = (392 + 108) + 654 = 500 + 654 = 1,154 e sum by suitable re-arrangement : cama nes eels (ii) 2062 + 353 + 1438 +547 SOLUTION (i) We observe that 637 + 663 = 1000, so we i aad 687 and 363 a8 shoyn Peo, 637 + 908 + 368 = (637 + 363) +908 = 1,000 + 908 = 1,908, 7 REMARK Sometimes we make groups of numbers in pairs in such a way i the calculation be then we find the sum Of the numbers in each group. The procedure sion a ; ay, (ii) We observe that 62 +38 = 100 and 53 + 47 = 100. So, we group the num! 7588 Biven bel, 2062+ 353 + 1498 +547 = (2062 + 1438) + (353+ 547) =3,500 + 900 = 4.499 EXAMPLES Do the allowing calculations by suitable re-arrangements: () 31 +32 +33 + 34-4 35 + 65 + 664 67+ 68469 Ui) 1424344 +996 +997 + 998 + 999 SOLUTION (i) We observe that: 31 +69 = 100,32 + 68 = 100,33 + 67 = 100 and so on, So, Werean, the numbers as given below: 7 31432433434 435 + 65+ 66 +67 + 68469 = G1 + 69) + (82+ 68) + (33 +67) + 04-466) + (35 +65) =100 + 100+ 100+ 100+ 100 =500 (i) We observe that: 1 +999 = the numbers as given below: 14243444996 +997 +.998 +. 999 = (1 +999) + (2 +998) + (3 +997) + (44.996) = 1,000 + 1,000 + 1,000 + 1,000 = 4,000 EXAMPLE 4 Find the following products: (i) 4 x 4957 x 25 SOLUTION (i) We observe that 4 x 25 = 100, So, 100024953101 3+ 997 = 1000 and 4+ 96100 5 yen, (it) 8x 1769 x 125 ” We can rearrange the numbers to find the des 4% 4,957 x25 = (4 ii) We observe that 8 x 125 = 1000, So, we can rearrange the numbers to find the desired produ follows: 8% 1,769 x 125 = (8x 125) x 1,769 = 1,000 x 1,769 = 17,69,000 EXAMPLES, Determine the following Products by sui 0 (0 8x 125 x40 « 25 Ci) 250% 60x50 x8 Ci) 37,256 xB 0S SOLUTION (i) We observe that itis ®asy tofind the products 8 x 125 and 40 x 25, So, the given canbe re-arranged as follows: B15 4025 = (8125) x (4025) 1000 10001009000 (il) We observe that itis easy to find the following multiplications (products): 250 x 8and 60 x50 x 25) x 4,957 = 100 x 4,957 = 495,700 table re-arrangement MATHEMATICS VIl ARITHMETIC EXPRESSIONS (I! So, the given product can be re-arranged as follows: 250 x 60 x 50 x 8 = (250 x 8) x (60 x 50) = 2,000 x 3,000 = 60,00,000 (iii) We find that it is easy to compute the products 25 x 40 and 37256 x 9. So, the given product can be re-arranged as follows: 37,256 x 25 x 9 x 40 = (37,256 x 9) x (25 x 40) = 3,35,304 x 1,000 = 33,53,04,000 EXAMPLE 6 Find the values of each of the following using various properties (i) 538 x 8 + 538 x 2 (ii) 7,869 x 92 + 7,869 x 8 (iii) 4,795 x 999 + 4,795 (iv) 887 x 10 x 461 - 361 x 8,870 SOLUTION (i) We have, 538 x 8 +538 x 2= 538 x (8 +2) [Using distributivity] = 538 x 10=5,380 [v 8+2=19] (ji) We have, 7,869 x 92 + 7,869 x 8 = 7,869 x (92 +8) [Using distributivity] = 7,869 x 100 = 7,86,900 [-» 92+8= 109] (iii) We have, 4,795 x 999 + 4,795 = 4,795 x 999 +4,795 x 1 =4,795 x (999 +1) [Using distributivity] =4,795 x 1,000 = 4,79,5000 [-- 999+1=1000] (iv) We have, : 887 x 10 x 461 - 361 x 8870 = (887 x 10) x 461-361 x 8,870 = 8,870 x 461 -8,870 x 361 = 8,870 x (461-361) [Using distributivity] = 8,870 x 100=8,87,000 [» 461-361 = 100] EXERCISE 5.1 1. Fill in the blanks with numbers, and boxes by signs, so that the expressions on both sides are equal: () 3x (647) =3x64.0..%7 (i) @+3)x4=8x443x (iil) 3x (5 +8) =3 x5] 3x ) () 3x (#4) 23x94, (iv) 0+2)x4=9x4 Dax, (i) (on x4 13x44 (ii) 3x (e835 +32 (Vill) (sesso + seseea) X vee ) =2x443x4 (x) 5x 9-2)=5x9-5x....., (&) (5-2)x7=5x7-2x...., (xi) 5x (8-3) =5 x 805 x3 (xii) (8-3) x7=8x7D] 3x7 2. Find the values of each of the following using various properties: (i) 754x644 x 754 (ii) 9,847 x 46 +54 x 9,847 (iii) 7,982 x 5,943 + 2,018 x 5,943 (iv) 854 x10 x 763 - 663 x 8,540 3. Given :53 x 18 = 954. Find the value of 63 x 18, [Hint: 63 x 18 = (53 + 10) x 18 = 53 x 18 + 10x 18 = 954 + 180 = 1,134] " Find the values of each ofthe following by using some effective ways: ® 97x 25 (i) 5x8 (ii) 104 15 (iv) 49x 50 (Hint: (i) 97x 25 = (100 - 3) x 25 = 100 x 25-3 x 25 = 2500-75 = 2495 (ii) 93x 8=(199- =), g@-amye Ee elem ann 4, (inl) 104 15= (100-44) x 15 = 100 x 15 +4 x 15 = 1500+ 60 = 1569 in) $980 = (60-1) x80 = 5050-50 1 = 2500 ~50 = 2459 5. Here sone way tomake H: 2x (1 +6)= 14. Are thee other ways of getting 147 py f we below a sont enJal (b) cette X (sree tessa) 24 (kel ) cee X (cone tec) eT 6. Find out the sum of the numbers given in each picture below in at least two Ail, Describe how you solved it through expressions, i) "AOL 8000 01/0 0000 4 J@E 6000 Fig. 5.1 ANSWERS 1. ()3x(6+7)=3x6+3x7 (i) 4 (i) +8 iv) 44 W933, (vi) 13,6%4 (vii) 5,2 (viti) 2,34 (ix) 2 7 (xi) (xii) ~" 2 (i) 7540 (i) 984,700 (ii) 5,94,30,000 (iv) 85 3. (i) 1134 4, (i) 2425 (i) 760 (ii) 1560 (iv) 2450 5G) 2xG+4) i) P(L+1) Gi) 2x(245) Gv) 2x44) 6. ()5x4+4xB= (648) x4=52 (i) 8x54+8x6=8 x (546) = Bx 11-88 5.1.1, PROPERTIES OF INTEGERS Inclass VI, wehave learnt that thenumbers,.. +~3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,....arecalled integers. The nu- 1,2,3,4, i natural numbers, are called positive integers and the numbers, -1,-2,-3,~ 4 called negative integers. The number 0. issimply an integer. Itis neither positive nor negative. W: also learnt about addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of integers. These operatic | integers have te following properties: CLOSURE PROPERTY The sur, product and subtraction ofany two integers is alzoays an integer. COMMUTATIVITY Forany 0 integers a and b we have (a+b=b+a (iJaxb=bxa Inother words, the addition and: multiplication of integers are commutative. Note that the subtraction of integers is not Commutative ie.a-b # b-a, | ASSOCIATIVITY For any three integersa, b,c, we have l Wla+b)+c=a+(b+9 nother words, the addition and ‘multiplic cation of integers are associative. Note thatthe subtraction ofintopersisnotacineeus a ASsOciatin b)-c #a-(b- : (ii)ax (bx 6) =(axb) xc MATHEMATICS VII ARITHMETIC cones In other words, integers 0 and 1 are additive and multiplicative identities respectively. EXISTENCE OF ADDITIVE INVERSE For every integer ‘a’ there exists its opposite ‘- a’ such that ] a+(-a)=0=(-a)+a | That is the sum of an integer and its opposite is always 0. Integer a and - a are called opposite or negative or additive inverse each other. DISTRIBUTIVITY OF MULTIPLICATION OVER ADDITION For any three integers a, b,c, we have (i)ax(b+c)=axbtaxc (ii)(b+0)xa=bxatcxa In other words, multiplication of integers is distributive over their addition. PROPERTY OF ZERO AND-1 For any integer a, we have (i)ax0=0=0xa (ii)a x (-1)=-a=(-1) xa The integer - a is called the additive inverse or opposite of a. Thus, to find the opposite or additive inverse or negative of an integer, we multiply the integer by -1. ORDER PROPERTY Ifa, b, care integers, such that a > b, then (iaxc>bxc, ife>0 (iiJaxc 189. 447 + (-189) has positive sign] = +258 = 258 (ii) Wehave, 21 + (9) +63 + (-22) + (-228) + 137 / = (63+ 137) + [(-21) + (-9) + (22) + (-228)] [Separating positive and negative integers | = 200 + (-280) =~ (280-200) =-80 EXAMPLE 2 Find the value of: (i) -17-(-13) (ii) -7-8-(-25) (iii) 50 - (48) - (-2) - 110 SOLUTION We have, () 17-13) =-17+13 [-. Subtraction of -13 from -17 means adding 13 to -17] =-(17-13)=-4 (i) -7-8-(-25) 2-15+25 =+(25-15) =10 (ii) 50~(-48)-(-2)- 110 =50+48+2-110 = (504+48+2)+ (-110) =100+(-110) =-(110-100) =-10 marie F ain , Gi) 2-115) + 2) ay SOLUTION We have, (12+ (-98)-(-84)+-7) =-12-98+84-7 =(12-98-7)+ 84 3-117 +84 =-(117-84) =-8 (i) -12-[(45)+(-2)+-3)] 15-2-3] =20-12=8 EXAMPLE4 Calculate: 1-2+3-4+5-6+7-8+...+19-20 SOLUTION We have, 1-243-445-6+7-84..,4+19-20 =(14345+749411413+15+417+19) +[(-2)+4) +(+6) + (-8) + (10) + (-12) + (-14) + (16) + (-18) + (-20)] =100+(-110) =~(110-100)=-10, EXAMPLES Calculate the sum 2 + (2) +2. ( (i) ifthe munber of terms is 149, SOLUTION (i) 2+(-2)424 69) (-2)+2+(-2)+ (i) ifthe number of terms is 125. ) +. -2)] 70-terms 70-terms =140 + (140) =140-140=9, (i) 24(2)42+ 0)... 105 terms =(2+2424, - @terms) + [(-2) = 126 + (-124) =126-124=9 +(2)+.....62 terms) ARITHMETIC EXPRESSIONS MATHEMATICS VII EXERCISE 5.2 1, Fill in the blanks with numbers, and boxes by signs, so that the expressions on both sides are equal: (i) 5x (12-...) =-- 5 «4 (ii) (15-...)x7=---[] 6x7 (iil) 5 x (1. ) =5x9-5 x4 (iv) (00 ou.) Xo 177-9 XT (v) 244 (6-4) = 24461... (vi) 38+(...0. (vii) 24-6 +4) = 24-6[)... (viii) 27-8 + (x) 27-(...--) = 27-8 +3 2. Remove brackets and write the expressions having the same value: (i) 14+ (12 + 10) (i) 14-(12+10) (iii) 14+(12-10) (iv) 14-12-10) (v) -14412-10 (vi) 14-12-10) 3. Consider the following expressions: (i) 82-15 +2 (ii) 83-15-2 For each of these expressions, identify the expressions from the following collection that are equal to it. (a) 83-(15 +2) (b) 83-(15-2) — (¢) 83+(-15+2) — (d) 83+ (- 15-2) 4, Find the values of the following expressions. For each pair, first try to guess whether they have the same value. When are two expression equal? (i) (16 + 20)-4 and 16 + (20-4) (ii) 36 - (18 -5) and (36 - 18) - 5) (iii) 57 - (28 + 8) and 57 + (-28-8) 5. Ineach of the sets of expressions below, identify those that have the same value. Do not evaluate them but rather use your understanding of terms. (i) 4394735, 439-735, -735+439, 735-439 (ii) 97 + 56-209, 97-56 + 209, 97 - (56 + 209), (97 - 56) + 209 6. Find the value of: (i) -27-(-23) (il) -17 - 18 - (-35) (iii) -12 - (5) - (125) +270 (iv) 373 + (-245) + (-373) + 145 + 3000 (W) 14 (-475) + (475) + (475) + (475) +1900 (vi) (-1) + (304) + 304 + 304 + (-304) + 1 7. Evaluate the following: (i) 8-24 +31 - 26-28 +7 +19- 18-8 + 33 (ii) -26 20 + 33 - (-33) + 21 + 24-(-25) - 26-14-34 8. Calculate: 1-2+3-4+5-6+.....+15-16 9. Calculate the sum: 5 + (-5)+5+(-5)+.-.-+ (i) if the number of terms is 10. (ii) if the number of terms is 11. 10, Melvin reads a two-page story every day except on Tuesdays and Saturdays. How many stories would he complete reading in 8 weeks? Which of the expressions below describes this scenario? () 5x2«8 (ii) (7-2) x8 (iii) 8x7 (iv) 7x2«8 (v) 7x5-2 (vi) (7+2)x8 (vii) 7x8-2x8 (viii) (7-5) x8 11. The district market in Begur operates on all seven days of a week. Rahim supplies 9 kg of mangoes each day from his orchard and Shyam supplies 11 kg of mangoes each day from his orchard to this market. Find the amount of mangoes supplied by them in a week to the local district market. 12. Binu earns 20,000 per month. She spends 5,000 on rent, % 5,000 on food, and & 2,000 on other expenses every month. What is the amount Binu will save by the end of a year? 13. During the daytime a snail climbs 3 cm up a post, and during the night while asleep, accidentally slips down by 2 cm. The post is 10 cm high, and a delicious treat is on its top. In how many days will the snail get the treat? a. en WET ee 14, Add brackets at appropriate places in the expressions such that they lead to the (a) 34-9412=13 (b) 56-14-8=34 (c) -22-12 + 10 + 22 =-22 15. Using only reasoning of how terms change their values, fill the blanks to make the Hp, on either side of the equality (=) equal. (a) 423+ =4194 (b) 207 - 68 = 210- ANSWERS 1. (5% (12-4)=5%12-5x4 (ii) (15-6) x 7=15x7-6%7 (iii) 5x 9-4) =5x9-5x4 (iv) (17-9) x7 =17x7-9%7 values j (v) 244 (6-4) =244+6-4 (vi) 38+ (9-4) = 3849-4 (vii) 24-(6 +4) = 24-6-4 (viii) 27 - (8 +3) = 27-8-3 (ix) 27 - (8-3) = 27-843 2. (i) (vi) 3. (i) (b) i) (a) 4. 5. (i) 439-735 and-735+439 (ii) 95-56 +209 and (97-56) + 209 6. (i) 4 (i) 0 (iii) 388 (iv) 2900 (wy 1 (vi) 0 7. (i) -22 i) 16 8. -8 9.4) 0 Gi) 5 10. (i) 1. @) 140kg 12, % 8,000 13, 10 days 14, (a) 34-9 +12) (b) 56-(14+8) (c) -22~(12 +10) +22 5.2 ARITHMETIC EXPRESSIONS In earlier classes and also in your day to day life you might have come across mathematical sta‘ or phrases like: (i) 7 more than the sum of 25 and - 12, which is written as (25-12) +7. (ii) the product of 35 and 9 added to 75, written as 75 + (35 x 9). (iii) 30 more than the product of 15 and 9, written as (15 x 9) + 30, (iv) the difference of 120 and 40 is divided by 5, written as (120 ~ 40) +5. Such phrases are called arithmetic ‘expressions. ILLUSTRATION 1 Malika spends ®25 everyday for lunch at school. W, she spends on lunch in a week from Monday to Friday, SOLUTION From Monday to Friday there are 5 days, Malika spends 25 everyday for lunch ats So, the expression for the total amount she spends on lunch is 5 x 25, ILLUSTRATION 2 Amu, Charan, 23, and wish to thank the waite rite the expression for the total Madhu and John went to a hotel and ordered four dosas. Each d 7 by tipping &5. Write an expression describing the total cost. SOLUTION Cost of 4 dosas = (4 x 23), Amount of tip=25 Total cost = 4x 2345 ILLUSTRATION 3 Raghu bought 100, kg of rice He already had four 2 k, ‘ from the wholesale market and packed them into 2 kg | . ‘$ packets. Write an expi identify the terms. ression for the number of 2 kg packets of rice he has 1 SOLUTION The number of2 kg packets of rice he already had = 4, The number of kg packets of tice made by Raghu = 100 2 Number of 2 kg Packets he has now = 4+ a 2 This is the desired expression Whose terms are 4 and 100 oo —— Ton MATHEMATICS VII anrauenc exerest OE ILLUSTRATION 4 Kannan has to pay 432 to.a shopkeeper using coins of & Land @5 and notes of © 10, 20, Z50and © 100. How can he do it? k SOLUTION We know that 432=4 x 100+3x104+2x«1 ‘Also, 432=8%5041x10+4x542x1 ‘Thus Kannan can pay by using 4 notes of % 100, 3 notes of 10 and 2 coins of & 1 or, he can pay by using eight notes of 50, one note of € 10, 4 coins of 5 and one coin of € 1. There are many more ways to pay. ILLUSTRATION 5 Here are two pictures. Which of these two arrangements matches with the expression 5x2+3? What is the expression for the arrangement in Fig. 5.2 making use of the number of yellow and blue squares? F i Pe a Fig. 5.2 (i) Fig. 5.2 (i) SOLUTION The number of squares in Fig. 5.2 (i) is 5x2+3 Hence, arrangement in Fig. 5.2 (i) matches with the expression 5 x 2 + 3. The expression for the number of yellow and blue squares in Fig. 5.2 (ii) is 2x (543) or, 5+3+543 o1, 5x24+3%2. Every arithmetic expression has some value which is the number obtained by simplifying the expression. In simplifying mathematical expressions consisting of the same type of operation, we perform one operation at a time generally starting from the left towards the right. If an expression has more than one fundamental operations, you cannot perform operations in the order they appear. Some operations have to be performed before the others. That is, each operation has its own precedence. Generally, the order in which we perform operations sequentially from left to right is: division, multiplication, addition, subtraction. This order is expressed in short as ‘DMAS’ where ‘D’ stands for division, ‘M’ for multiplication, ‘A’ for addition and, ‘S’ for subtraction. We first do the divisions and multiplications starting from the left towards the right and then perform additions, subtractions left to right. eaowing examples will illustrate the precedence of operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication vision. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES SAMPLE 1 Simplify: 24-423 UTION We have, 24-4+2x3 [Performing division -4+2=~-2] [Performing multiplication 2 x 3 = 6] (Performing subtraction] ——l Oo aa - a IMETIC EXPRESSIONS MATHEMATICS vi EXAMPLE 2 Simplify: ( 20) + (~ 8) + (2) 3. SOLUTION We have, (-20) + (-8)+(-2) x3 =(-20)+4x3 = (-20) +12 [Performing multiplication] [Performing subtraction} EXAMPLE 3 Simplify: (— 5) (48) +(- 10)4.(0 2) *6 SOLUTION We have, (—5) -(- 48) + (- 16) + (-2) x6 =(-5)-34(-2)x6 [Performing division} =(-5)-3+(-12) [Performing multiplication} =-5-3-12 =-20. [Performing addition} EXAMPLE 4 Find different ways of evaluating the following expression () 1-24+3-445-64+7-849-10 (i) 1-14 1-1+t-141-14+1-1 SOLUTION (i) 1-2+3-4+5-6+7-8+9-10 = (1-2) + (3-4) + (5-6) + (7-8) + (9-10) = (-1) #61) 4-1) + (1) + (A) =5x-1= Gi) 1-141-141-141-1+1-1 = (1-1) +(1-1) + (1-1) + (1-1) +(1-1)=0+040+040=0 ALITER (i) 1-24+3-44+5-6+7-8+9-10 =14+34+5+74+9-2-4-6-8-10=25-30=- (i) 1-141-141-141-141-1=1+1414141-1-1-1-1-1=5-5=0 EXAMPLES For each of the following situations, write the expression describing the situation, identify its terms and find the value of the expression Queen Alia gave 100 gold coins to Princess Elsa and 100 gold coins to Princess Anna last year. Princess Elsa used the coins to start a business and doubled her coins. Princess Anna bought jewellery and has only half of the coins left. Write an expression describing how many gold coins left. Write an expression describing how many gold coin left. Write an expression describing how many gold coins Princess Elsa and Princess Anna together have. SOLUTION Number of gold coins left with Princess Elsa = 2 x 100 Number of gold coins let with Princess Anna = 3 100 Total number of gold coins with Princess Elsa and Anna =2 x 100 + 4 +100 EXAMPLE6 A metro train between two stations is 240 for an adult and 20 for a child. What is the total cost of tickets: (i) for four adults and three children? i) for two groups having three adults each? SOLUTION (i) The total cost C (say) in for four adults and three children is given by C=4x40+3x20 > C=160+60=220 ARITHMETIC EXPRESS! yATHEMATICS Vil Hence, the total cost for four adults and three children is € 220. {j) The total cost C (say) in for two groups having 3 adults each is given by C=2x (3x 40) =2 x 120 = 240 Hence, the total cost for two groups having 3 adults each is & 240. EXAMPLE? Find the total height of the window by writing an expression describing the relationship among the measurements shown in Fig. 5.3 Arithmetic Expres PESSIONS Border [Link] Fig. 5.3 SOLUTION We find that there are 7 gaps each of height 5 cm, six grills each of height 2 cm and two borders each of height 3 cm. Therefore, the total height of the window is (7x5 +6x2+2x3)cm = (35+ 12 +6) cm = 53cm. EXERCISE 5.3 1. Find the value of: () 36+643 (ii) 2441543 (iii) 120-2044 (iv) 32-@x5)+4 ()3-G-6+3) (wi) 21-12+3x2_ (wit) 16+8+4-2%3 (vill) 28-5 x6+2 (ix) 20) x 1) + (28) +7 (x) (2) + (8) +4) (xi) (15) + 4+ (5-3) (ii) (-40) x C1) + 28) +7 (xii) 3) +8)+4)-2 2) (xiv) 3) x (-4)+2)+C1) ANSWERS 1 9 (ii) 29 (ii) 115 (iv) 21 (v) 0 (vi) 13 (vii) 12 (viii) 0 (ix) 16 (x) 0 (xi) - 13 (xii) 36 (xili) 3 (xiv) -7 5.3 COMPARING EXPRESSIONS ha have learnt that every arithmetic expression has a value which is the number it evaluates to. So, We can compare arithmetic expressions based on their values and write the ‘equal to ”, ‘greater than’ less than’ sign accordingly. In this section, we will compare arithmetic expressions without finding ae Values, but by using reasoning. For example, 17-8 > 15 - 9, because if we imagine that Aarushi = oe are two sisters: Aarushi had 17 marbles and Mira had 15 marbles. Aarushi gave 8 marbles cousin Avni and Mira gave 9 marbles to Avni. We can see that Aarushi had more marbles than and gave less number of marbles to Avni than Mia gave. Therefore, number of marbles left with ioe is more than the number of marbles left with Mira ie. 17-8> 15-9. us discuss more such problems on comparing arithmetic expressions by reasoning. _ BF here EXPRESSIONS Mer ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMP EXAMPLE 1 With 2324 1 2323 + SOLUTION Let us imagine a situation, Avni had & 2324 and got = 735 more today. % (2324 + 735). Yashvi had & 2323 and got 740 more today. So, now she has & (2323 + 740 We observe that initially Avni had just 1 more than Yashvi. But, Yashvi got 5 more ther Therefore, Yashvi has 4 more than Avni now. That is, 2323 + 740 > 2324 + 735. EXAMPLE 2 Wit 1780-55 or 1785-75 SOLUTION Let us imagine that Aarushi and Mira are So, she has (1780 - 55) today. Mira had 2 1785 and spent 75, today. So, she has & (1785 - 75 5) today We observe that Mira had @ 5 more than Aarushi. But, she spent 20 more than Aarushi dic Mira has less money than Aarushi now. That is 1785-75 - 74) _ <3 EXAMPLE3 With 3 hout e cater? two sisters. Aarushi had % 1780 ar t evaluating th J, compare thee SOLUTION Let us assume the situation, Aarushi had @ 2525 jn her wallet and spent % 40 had % 2524 in her wallet and spent? 39 on burgar today We find that Mira had just ® 1 | have same amount of money in less thatn Aarushi and she spent 1 less than Aarushi. Th= their wallets now. That is 2525 ~ 40 = 2524-39. EXERC! 1. Which is greater? 1023 +125 or 1022 + 128? 2. Which is greater? 113 - 25 or 112-24? 3. Use ‘>’ or ‘<’ or ‘=’ in each of the followin; 8 expressions to compare them without ev= their value: . Explain you reasoning in each case: () 1245 + 1289 CO 1246 + 1285 (ii) 2735-1145 (] 2734-1144 (iii) 364 +587 2 363 4589 (iv) 2224 +2345 [] 2229 + 2345 (v) 5213-777 0 5214-776 (vi) 36 x (28 - 16) [] 35 x (27- 15) (vil) 25 « (42 + 16) 25 x (43 4 15) (viii) (76-53) x 887] 88 x (53-76) (x) (16-11) «12D 11 x 124 16x 12 (x) 23 x 48-35 23 x (48 - 35) (xi) 145-17x8 2] 145-176 (xii) 83x 42-18 [] 83x 40-18 ANSWERS % 10224128 2. Equal 3. (i) > (i) ‘= iii) “<" ivy *e (vi) *< (vii) “= (viii) “>” (ix) =") >” (xi) “< 5.4 USE OF BRACKETS I subne Previous Itoh" have learnt about the precedence of fundamental operation erformed i. plication and division, According to it, the order in which operatic mene Js first division, then multiplication after Which addition and finally sub‘ re ania re Sn We require a set of operations to be performed P! ria , int an addition to be perfor paar multiplic: need to use brackets. A bracket indie? a os es 2 perfor ions wil Operations outside it, For example thee aaa is sim? dividing 24 by 3 and then muliplyingby deshon aed 4, as per DMAS rule, wn below: _—_ MATHEMATICS vu ARITHMETIC von Me3x4=Q4de3x4 x4232 However, if we wish to multiply 3 and d first and then div idle 24 by the restating number we wrt the as 24+ (3 x4) and simplity it as tollows M+ (Gx4)=2M+12=2 Incomplex expressions, sometimes, it is necessary to have brackets within brackets Sinice same IYPe ol prackets one within another can be confusing, so different types of brackets are used) Most contin vnly used brackets are: Brackets symbol Name 0 Parentheses or common brackets i] Braces or curly brackets 0 Brackets or square brackets or box brackets - Vinculum The left part of each bracket symbol indicates the start of the bracket and the right part indicates the end of the bracket. In writing mathematical expressions consisting, of more than one brac kets, parenthesis iv used in the innermost part followed by braces and these two are covered by square brackets REMOVAL OF BRACKETS Inorder to simplify expressions involving more than one brackets, we UF the following steps: step! See whether the given expression contains a vinculum or not. If a vinewlun 1s p operations under it. Otherwise go to next step. ent, then perform Step See the innermost bracket and perform operations within il. Step tit Remove the innermost bracket by using, following rules: Rule1 Ifa bracket is preceded by a plus sign, remove it by writing its terms as they are Rule2 If @ bracket is preceded by a minus sign, change positive signs within it to negate and vice-versa. RuleS If there is no sign between a number anda grouping symbol, then it means multiplication Ruled Ifthere isa number before some brackets then we multiply the number invide the brackets with the number outside the brackets. Swp lv See the next innermost bracket and perform operations within it, Remove the second innermost bracket by using the rules given in step II]. Continue this process till all the brackels are removed Let us now illustrate these steps by means of some examples. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1 Simplify 27-154 (28- 29-7) SOLUTION We have 27-[5 + (28-(29-7)1] =27-[5 + (28~22)] [Kemoving, the innermost brackets} =27-[5+6] [Removing braces) =27-11=16. seAMPLE2 Simplify: 48 [18 -f10 0 on OLUTION We have, 48-[18-(16-(5-4- Ui] ~ 48-[18 -(16-(5-3)]] [Removing vinculum| ag: . IETIC EXPRESSIONS = 48-[18-(16-2}] =48-[18-14] =48-4=44 EXAMPLES Simplify: 222 - [Fee +(56- 8¥9)}+ 108] SOLUTION Wehave, 2 -[e (66-379)}+108] =222-[F{42+ 66-17)}+108] ~222-[}442+39)+108] =222- [= + 108 =222-[27 + 108] = 222-135 =87 EXAMPLE 4 Simplif SOLUTION We have, 39 [23-(29-(17-9=3)}] =39-[23-(29-(17-6)}] =39-[23-(29-11)] =39-[23-18] =39-6=34 9 - [23-29 - (17- 9-3) EXAMPLES Simplify: (i) 15 ~ (~ 3) {4 -7=3} + [3 [5 + (- 3) x (- 6) ] (ii) 118 - [121 + (11 x 11) -(- 4) - [3 -9=2)) SOLUTION (i) We have, 15-(-3) {4-7-3} + [3 (5 + (3) x (-6)}] S—(-3) (4-4) + [3 (5 + 18}] =15-(-3) x0+[3x23] = 15-(-3) x0+69 =15-3x0 =15 (ii) We have, 118 ~ [121 + (11 x 11)-(-4)- {3-9-2} =118-[121 + 121-(-4)-(3-7)] =118-[1-(-4)-(-4)] =118-[1+4+4] = 118-9 = 108 Ma [Removin [Rex [Removis [Removing [Rem [Removin- [Removing [Remo [Performing divisic: [Perform " MATHEMATICS VII ARITHMETIC expressions ttl a EXERCISE 5.5 1. Find out the parity of the following: (i) 3-(6-6+3) (ii) -25+ 14+ (5-3) . (iii) 25- F(5+4-G +2-T+3} (iv) 27 - [38 - (46 - (15 - 13 = 2)}] (v) 36-[18 - (14- (15-4 +2 2)}] (vi) 45 - [38 - (60 +3 -(6-9+3) +3}] (vii) 23 - [23 - (23 - (23 -23-23)}] (viii) 2550 - [510 — (270 - (90 - 80-70)}] (ix) 4+ 4 [{- 10 x (25 - 13—3)} + (-5)] (x) 22- 4 {-5-(- 48) + (-16)} (xi) 63 - (3) {(-2-B=3} +3 (5 + (—2)(- I} (xii) [29- (2) {6 - (7-3) + 13 « (5 + C3) x -2))] 2. Using brackets, write a mathematical expression for each of the following: (i) Nine multiplied by the sum of two and five. (ii) Twelve divided by the sum of one and three. (iii) Twenty divided by the difference of seven and two. (iv) Eight subtracted from the product of two and three. (v) Forty divided by one more than the sum of nine and ten. (vi) Two multiplied by one less than the difference of nineteen and six. ANSWERS 1. @0 (ii) -18 (iii) 21 (iv) 31 (v) 21 (vi) 26 (vii) 0 (viii) 2370 (ix) 10 (x) 24 (xi) 14 (xii) 1 2 (i) 92+5) (ii) 12+ (1 +3) (iii) 20 = (7-2) (iv) 2x 3-8 (v) 40+ {1+ (9 + 10)} (vi) 2x {(19-6)-1} OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS Mark the correct alternative in each of the following: 1, Madhu is flying a drone from a terrace. The drone goes 6 m up and then 4 m down. The expres- sion to show how high the final position of the drone is from the terrace, is (a) 6+4 (b) 6-4 (c) 4-6 (a) -6-4 _ Irfan buys a biscuit packet for € 15 and a toor dal packet for® 56. Ifhe pays 100, then the expression for the change he gets in rupees is (a) 100-15 +56 (b) 15+56-100 — (c) 100- 15-56 (d) 100+ 56-15 3, The expression 500 — (250-100) when written without brackets is (a) 500-250 +100 (b) 500-250-100 (c) 500-100 + 250 (a) 500 + 250 + 100 4. Hira has a rare coin collection. She has 28 coins in one bag and 35 coins in another bag. She gifts her friend 10 coins from the second bag. The expression for the number of coins left with Hira, is (a) 28 + (35 + 10) (b) 28-(35+10) — (c) 28+ (35-10) (a) 28-85-10) _ Lhamo and Norbu went toa hotel. Each of them ordered a vegetable cutlet and a rasgulla. A veg- etable cutlet costs % 43 and a rasgulla costs € 24. The expression for the amount, in rupees, they will have to pay is (a) 2% 43 +24 (b) 43 +24 (c) 2(43 +24) (d) 43+2x 24 nN w i. EXPRESSIONS 6. oe 2 1 Ss 1 a 1 = In the Republic Day Parade, th march in 4 rows with 5 scouts in each, é The expression for the scouts and guides marching in the parade is (a) 4+3)x5 (b) 4+3)+5 (oc) 5x4+3 (a) 4453 The expression 93 + 37 x 44+ 7oisequal to (a) 37 +93 x 44+ 76 (b) 93 +37 76 +44 (0) (93 +37) x (144 + 76) (d) 37x 44 + 98 + 76 . The value of the expression 2-4+6-8+10-12+ 14-16 + 18-20is (a5 (b) 10 (©) -10 (d) 15 . The value of the expression (180 + 30) x - 4 is (a) 24 (b) -24 () 12 (d) -12 The value of the expression 50 x (-83) + 50 x (-17)is (a) -5000 (b) 5000 (c) -500 (d) 500 . The expression 83 - 37 - 12 is equal to (a) 84-38-12 (b) 84- (37 + 12) (c) 83-38+3 (d) 37+83- 12 . The value of the sum 5 + (-5) +5 + (-5) +5 (-5) +...... 25 terms, is (a) 0 (b) 5 () 5 (d) 125 . The value of the sum (-10) + 10 + (-10) + 10 + (-10) + 10 + (10) + 10 +......... 125 terms (a) -10 (b) 10 (c) 1250 (d) - 1250 (-1) x (FI) x (-1) x (FI) x eee 500 times = (a) -1 (b) 1 (c) 500 (d) - 500 1 (-1) + (1) + (1) + CL) +... 500 times = (a) 500 (b) 1 (c) -1 (a) -500 . (35) x 2 + (-35) x 8 = (a) - 350 (b) -70 (©) - 280 (a) 350 ~ fx = (-10) + (-10) + ...15 times and y = (~2) x (-2) x (-2) x (-2) x (-2), then x= v= (a) 118 (b) - 118 (c) - 182 (d) 182 Wea = (-1) x (-1) x (1) ...100 times and b = (1) x (-1) x (-1) ...95 times, then a + b= (a) -1 (b) -2 (0 (d) 1 x= (1) (1) x1) x 1). 25 times, v= (8) x (3) x (3), then w= ay 27 (© 2% “(d) -26 ANSWERS A. (b) 2 (ce) 3@ 4 9 (b) 10. (a) ha 2 ) 1b) 18. (©) 19. (by 5 6 @ 72a@) 8 Ba ab) 1d) we there are boy scouts and girl guides marching together 7 ach row, The guides march in 3 rows with 5 ees

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