Belowisashort,bri

ef,exam-r
eadysummaryforLear
ningOutcome01(I
dent
if
y
Networ kRequi
rements)andLearni
ngOutcome02( I
mplementNetwor
kRequir
ement
Solut
ions).
Ikeptitsi
mple,conci
se, andf
ocusedonwhatyouneedforanexam.

LO1–IDENTI
FYNETWORK
REQUI
REMENTS(Shor
tSummar
y)
1.
1Comput
erNet
wor
ks&Or
gani
sat
ionalNeeds
 Acomput
ernet
wor
kist
woormor
edev
icesconnect
edt
oshar
edat
aand
resources.
 Adv antages:r esourceshar i
ng, communicati
on,coll
aborat
ion,costsav
ings.
 Disadv ant ages:securi
tyrisks,maintenancecost,
fail
uresaffectmanyusers.
 Signals:
o An alogue=cont inuous
o Di gital=binary(0sand1s)
 Appl i
cations:emai l,VoIP,cloud,fi
leshari
ng,r
emot eaccess.

1.
2Net
wor
kTy
pes&Desi
gns
Net
wor
kTy
pes

 LAN–smallarea(offi
ce/home)
 WLAN–wirelessLAN
 WAN–lar
gegeogr aphicalar
ea(i
nternet)
 MAN–coverscity
 CAN–campus/ col
legenetwork
 PAN–ver
ysmal lpersonalarea(
Bluetoot
h)

Topol
ogi
es

 Bus–singlecabl
e
 Ri
ng–ci r
cular
 Star–centr
alswit
ch( mostcommon)
 Mesh–manyi nt
erconnect
ions,
ver
yrel
i
abl
e
 Hybri
d–combi nati
on

1.
3Net
wor
kingEqui
pment
Tr
ansmi
ssi
onMedi
a

 Twist
edPair:UTP,
STP
 Coaxi
al
 Fi
bre-
opti
c
 Wir
eless(
radio,mi
crowav
e,Wi
-Fi
)

Connect
ivi
tyDev
ices

 Router–connectsnetworks
 Swit
ch–connect sdevicesinLAN
 Hub–si mplebroadcastdevi
ce
 Bri
dge–connect sLANsegment s
 Fi
rewall–securi
ty
 Modem –conv ert
ssignals
 WAP–wi r
elessaccesspoint
 MediaConverter–fibr
et ocopper
 RangeExtender–boost sWi-Fi
 VoIPendpoint–IPphones

Tr
ansmi
ssi
onModes

 Simplex–one-way
 Half-
duplex–bothways,oneatatime
 Full
-dupl
ex–bothway satonce
 BroadbandvsBaseband–mul ti
plesi
gnal
svssingl
esignal
 SynchronousvsAsynchr
onous–t imedvsunt
imedtransmi
ssi
on

1.
4Int
ernet
wor
kingTechnol
ogi
es
Swi
tchi
ngMet
hods

 Ci
rcuitswi
tchi
ng–dedicat
edconnect
ion
 Messageswi t
ching–whol
emessagestored&for
warded
 Packetswi
tching–databr
okeni
ntopackets(
usedinI
nter
net
)

Net
wor
kingModel
s

 OSIModel–7l
ayer
s
 TCP/I
PModel–4layer
s

Por
ts&Pr
otocol
s(KeyOnes)

 I
P–addr
essi
ng
  TCP–r eli
able
 UDP–f ast,unreli
abl
e
 FTP/SFTP/TFTP–f il
etr
ansfer
 HTTP/HTTPS–web
 SMTP/POP/I MAP–emai l
 SSH–secur el ogi
n
 Telnet–r emot elogi
n(unsecure)
 DNS–r esolvesnamest oI
P
 DHCP–aut omat i
cIPaddresses
 ICMP–pi ng
 SNMP–net wor kmanagement
 NTP–t imesy nc
 LDAP–di rectoryser
vices
 SIP–VoI P
 RDP–r emot edesktop
 SMB–f il
eshar ing
 ARP/ RARP–I P↔ MACmappi ng

I
nter
netAccessTechnol
ogi
es

 DSL
 Cablebr oadband
 Dial
-up
 PSTN
 Satel
liteInt
ernet
 Wireless3G/ 4G/
5G/
Wi-
Fi

LO2–IMPLEMENTNETWORK
REQUI
REMENTSOLUTI
ONS(Shor
t
Summary
)
2.
1Pl
aceNet
wor
kingEqui
pment
 Readandunder standnet workdesigns.
 Applycabli
ngst andar ds:
o 5 68A/568B
o St r
aight-
t hrough( di
ff
erentdev i
ces)
o Cr ossover( si
mi l
ardev i
ces)
 Fol
lowEt hernetstandar ds(cablet
y pes,l
engt
hs,
speed)
.
2.
2Conf
igur
eNet
wor
kDev
ices
I
PAddr
essi
ng

 I
Pv4/IPv6addressi
ng
 Subnet
ti
ngfornetworksegment
ati
on

NATTy
pes

 NAT–tr
ansl
atespri
vate↔ publi
cIP
 PAT–manypriv
ateIPsusingonepubli
cIP
 SNAT–sour
ceNAT
 DNAT–dest
inati
onNAT( portf
orwar
ding)

Rout
ing

 St
aticr
outi
ng–manual
lyset
 Dynamicr
outi
ng–r
outersupdat
erout
esaut
omat
ical
l
y

2.
3TestNet
wor
kConnect
ivi
ty
Phy
sicalLay
erTest
s

 Checkcabl
es,connect
ors,
li
ght
s
 Tool
s:cabl
etester

Net
wor
kLay
erTest
s

 pi
ng–checksr eachabi
li
ty
 t
racer
t/t
racer
oute–pat htodest
inat
ion
 i
pconfi
g/i
fconfi
g–I Pinf
ormati
on

I
nter
pretr
esul
tst
oident
if
yissues(
lat
ency
,loss,
unr
eachabl
ehost
,et
c.)

2.
4Gener
ateNet
wor
kDocument
ati
on
 Wiri
ngandpor tlocat
ions
 Physicaldiagrams–showhar dwarelayout
 Logicaldiagrams–showI Paddr
esses,VLANs,routi
ng
 Labels–cabl es,port
s,devi
ces
 Configurati
ondocument ati
on–router/
switchsett
ings,
passwor
ds(
secur
ed)
I
fyouwant
,Icanal
sopr
epar
e:

LO3summar y
Mockexam quest
ions(
MCQs&wr
it
ten)
Fl
ashcar
dsforqui
ckrevi
sion

Justt
ell
me!

Belowisashort,
clear,exam-
readysummaryf
orLO3,
LO4,
andLO5.
Ikeptever
ythi
ngbriefandeasytorevi
se.

LO3–MAINTAINNETWORK
OPERATI
ONS(Shor
tSummar
y)
3.
1Moni
torNet
wor
kPer
for
mance
 I
mpor
tance:Ensur
esr
eli
abi
l
ity
,det
ect
spr
obl
emsear
ly,
impr
ovesspeedand
secur
it
y.
 Monit
ori
ngTool s:
o SNMPmo nitor
s–dev i
cestatus
o Pa cketsniffers–captur
e/analysetraf
fi
c
o Po rtscanner s–checkopen/ cl
osedports
o Vu lner
abilit
yscanners–f i
ndsecur i
tyweaknesses
 Per
formanceTest s:
o L oadtesting–nor malmaxl oad
o St r
esstest i
ng–ov erl
oad
o Th roughputt est
ing–datatransferspeed

3.
2Updat
eNet
wor
kSecur
it
y
 Physi
calsecuri
ty:
lockedrooms,CCTV,accesscontr
ol
 Aut
henticat
ion&AccessCont r
ol:passwords,
biometr
ics,
ACLs
 Wir
elessSecuri
ty:
o WPA/WPA2–e ncry
pti
onstandards

3.
3Per
for
m Net
wor
kTr
oubl
eshoot
ing
 Troubl
eshoot
ingSt
eps:i
dent
if
y→ anal
yse→ t
est→ sol
ve→ v
eri
fy→ document
 Tools:
 o Hardware:mult
imeter,
cabletester
,tonegener
ator
o Sof
tware:ping,
tracer
t,net
stat,
ipconfi
g/i
fconf
ig,
nslookup

3.
4Per
for
m Net
wor
kRepai
rs
 Fi
xcommoni ssues(
badcables,mi
sconf
igur
ati
ons,
IPconf
li
cts,
har
dwar
efai
l
ure)
.
 Documentpr
oblemsandsoluti
ons.

3.
5Impl
ementNet
wor
kUpgr
ades
 Reasons:bet
terperf
ormance,newtechnology,
secur
it
yimprovement
.
 Ty
pes:hardware(router
s,swi
tches)
,soft
war e(
fir
mware,OS).

3.
6Ser
viceNet
wor
kHar
dwar
e
 Prev
entiv
emaint
enance:cleaning,updat
es,i
nspect
ions
 Corr
ecti
vemai
ntenance:fi
xf ault
s
 Adapti
vemai
ntenance:adj
ustnet worktonewneeds

LO4–PROVI
DEUSERSUPPORT(
Shor
t
Summar
y)
4.
1SetUpHel
pDeskSy
stem
 Bestpracti
ces:t
imel
yresponse,t
icketi
ngsyst
em,documentati
on.
 Successfulhel
pdesk:or
ganised,
effici
ent
,goodcommunicati
on.

4.
2Col
lect
/LogUserQuer
ies
 Communi cationelement s:sender,receiver
,message,feedback.
 Bar
riers:noise, l
anguage, emotions,phy si
calbar
ri
ers.
 For
ms:v erbal,non-verbal communi cation
 Li
stening:activel i
steningi mprovessuppor t
 Summar i
es:key -point,outli
ne,narrati
ve
 Note-maki ng:concise, struct
ured,basedonuser ’sproblem
4.
3Anal
yseUserQuer
ies
Cl
assi
fyby
:

 Ski
lll
evelr
equi
red
 Pr
oblem ty
pe:har
dwar
e/sof
twar
e/net
wor
k/appl
i
cat
ion

4.
4At
tendt
oUserQuer
ies
 Fol
l
owt
hepr
obl
em-
sol
vi
ngpr
ocess:
ident
if
y→ anal
yse→ sol
ve→ conf
ir
m→
document

4.
5Rout
ineMai
ntenance
 I
mport
ance:pr
event
sfai
lur
es,
impr
ovesper
formance.
 Wor
kfl
ow:schedul
e→ perf
orm→ ver
if
y→ recor
d.

4.
6AdhocMai
ntenance
 Def
init
ion:unschedul
ed,immediat
erepai
r.
 Advantages:f
astresponse.
 Di
sadvantages:unpredi
ctabl
e,maycausedownt
ime.

LO5–MONITORNETWORK
PERFORMANCE(
Shor
tSummar
y)
5.
1Int
erpr
etMoni
tor
ingPl
an
 Needformoni toring:detecti
ssuesearly
,improv
eupti
me.
 AgentvsAgent less:
o Agent:sof twareondev i
ce
o Agentless:r emotemoni t
ori
ng
 Monit
ori
ngTy pes:
o Acti
ve:sendt esttraf
fi
c
o Passi
v e:obser verealtr
aff
ic
o Perf
ormance:measur espeed,CPU, memory
 Monit
ori
ngPl anI ncludes:tool
s,schedul
e,metri
cs,
thr
eshol
ds.
5.
2Isol
ateFaul
ts
 Usei
ndi
catorsfrom:
o SNMP–d evicereports
o WMI –Wi ndowsdev i
cemoni t
ori
ng
o Ping–connect i
vi
ty
 Moni
tor
ingMaps:
o Ho r
izontalplane/v ert
icalpl
ane–v i
sual
mapsofnetworkl
ayer
s
o Viewpoint/x–yl ine–per specti
vesf
ortr
oubl
eshoot
ing

5.
3Impl
ementDi
agnost
icMet
hodol
ogy
 Appr
oaches:
bot
tom-
up,
top-
down,
div
ide-
and-
conquer
,fol
l
owt
hepat
h,
subst
it
uti
onmet
hod.

5.
4DocumentFaul
tResol
uti
on
 Recor
dincl
udes:
probl
em descr
ipt
ion,
cause,
stepst
aken,
tool
sused,
final
sol
uti
on,
timespent
.

5.
5Mai
ntai
nOper
ati
ngPer
for
mance
 Busi
nesscont
inui
ty:keepserv
icesr
unni
ng
 Di
sasterr
ecov
ery:backups,al
ter
nat
esit
e,r
ecov
erypl
ans

I
fyouwant
,Icanpr
epar
e:

Fullexam st
udyguide
MCQswi t
hanswers
Shortnotesforpr
inti
ng
Justtellme!

Belowisaclean,short,exam-readysummaryofthefi
nalpar
tofyourmodule:
AssessmentCont ext,
Scheme, Teachi
ngAppr
oach,AssessmentApproach,Resour
ces,
andReferences.
Every
thi
ngissimpl i
fi
edf oreasystudy.
 ASSESSMENTCONTEXT(
Shor
t
Summary)
Assessmentmusti
ncl
udeaccesst
othef
oll
owi
ng:

Faci
li
ti
es/Tool
s/Equi
pment

 Net
wor
ksimulationsoft
war e
 Net
wor
kmoni tori
ngsoftware
 Net
wor
kingdev i
ces(r
outers,swi
tches,et
c.)
 Net
wor
kcables
 Net
wor
kingtoolki
t(cr
impingtool
,tester
,etc.
)

ASSESSMENTSCHEME(
Shor
t
Summary)
AssessmentSpeci
fi
cat
ionGr
id

EachLear
ningOut
comecar
ri
esequalwei
ght
:

LO Description Weight
LO1Ident i
fynetworkrequirement s 20%
LO2Impl ementnetwor krequi rementsol
uti
ons20%
LO3Mai ntainnetworkoper ations 20%
LO4Prov idenetworkusersuppor t 20%
LO5Moni tornet
workperfor mance 20%
Tot
al=100%

AssessmentWei
ght
ing

 Cont
inuousassessment:60%
 Fi
nalExaminat
ion:40%

I
nst
it
uti
on-
Basedv
sWor
k-BasedAssessment

 50%i
nst
it
ution-
based
 50%wor
k-based
AssessmentTy
pes

 Oralassessments(panelof2+assessor
s)
 RPL( Recogni
ti
onofPr i
orLear
ning)
 Port
folioofevi
dence
 I
ndividualandgroupassessments

Theor
yAssessment

 3-
hourwri
tt
enpaper
 Weight
ed20%

Pr
act
icalAssessment

 3-
hourpract
ical
exam
 Weight
ed20%

Cont
inuousAssessmentBr
eakdown

 Mi
nimum of2assignments→ 20%
 Mi
nimum of2practi
calassi
gnments→ 20%
 Mi
nimum of2tests→ 20%

Combi
nedt
otal=100%

Appr
oacht
oTeachi
ng&Lear
ning
(
Shor
tSummary)
Themodul
euses:

[Link] tlearningprinciples
2.I
nst i
tut i
on-based+wor k-
basedlear
ning
[Link]- to-
facet eaching
[Link] em-basedl earni ng
[Link]/di stancelear ning
[Link]/hy bri
dlear ning
[Link] almediaf orl ear
ning

Appr
oacht
oAssessment(
Shor
t
Summar
y)
 60%cont inuous+40%f i
nalexam
 50%i nsti
tuti
on+50%wor kplaceassessment
 Oralassessment sbyamul ti
-assessorpanel
 RPLav ail
able
 Port
folioofev i
dencerequir
ed
 Assessbot hindiv
idualandteam wor k

RESOURCESSUMMARY
[Link]
ainer
/AssessorRequi
rement
s
 Musthav
eZNQF-accredit
edtrai
ning
 Musthol
daNat
ionalDi pl
omai nInf
ormati
onTechnology(
mini
mum)
 Musthav
eZNQA-recognisedquali
fi
cat
ions+exper
ience

[Link]
redFaci
li
ti
es&Tool
s
 Comput errepairtool
kit
 Networkingtoolkit
 Hardware&sof tware
 Protect
iveclothing
 Fi
rstaidkit
 St
oragemedi a
 I
nternetaccess
 Maps
 St
ationery

[Link]
ningResour
ces
 Lear
ner’
sguide
 Faci
l
itat
or’
sguide

[Link]
erenceText
s(Shor
tLi
st)
Hi
ghl
yRecommendedNet
wor
kingBooks
  Forouzan,B.–DataCommuni cati
onsandNet wor ki
ng
 Kurose&Ross–Comput erNetworking:ATop-DownAppr oach
 Peterson&Dav e–Comput
i erNetwor ks:ASystemsAppr oach
 Stal
li
ngs, W.–DataandComput erCommuni cation
 Sharma, S.–Fundament
alsofDat aCommuni cationandNet works
 White,C.–DataCommuni cat
ionsandComput erNetworks

ForCommuni
cat
ionSki
ll
s

 Fi
eldi M.–Ef
ng, fect
iveCommuni
cat
ioni
nOr
gani
zat
ions

I
fyouwant
:
Icanpr
epar
eaf
ullexam r
evi
sionpack,
incl
udi
ng:

✔ Past-
paper-st
ylequestions
✔ Multi
ple-
choicequestionsforeachLO
✔ One-pagesummar yforLO1–LO5
✔ Practi
calexam preparati
onguide

Justl
etmeknow!