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Name
Reported Speech
Direct speech: I like ice cream.
Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.
Tense DirectSpeech ReportedSpeech
Present simple I like ice cream She said (that) she liked ice cream.
presentcontinuous I am living in London She said (that) she was living in London.
She said (that) she had bought a car OR She said (that) she
Past simple I bought a car
bought a car.
I was walking along the
Past continuous She said (that) she had been walking along the street.
street
Present perfect I haven'tseenJulie She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
I had taken English
Past perfect* She said (that) she had taken English lessons before.
lessons before
will I'llseeyou later She said (that) she would see me later.
would* I wouldhelp, but..” She said (that) she would help but...
I can speak perfect
can She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
English
I could swim when I was
could* She said (that) she could swim when she was four.
four
shall I shall come later She said (that) she would come later.
should* I should call my mother She said (that) she should call her mother
might* I mightbe late She said (that) she might be late
I must study at the She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR She said
must
weekend she had to study at the weekend
* doesn't change.
Occasionally, we don't need to change the present tense into the past if the information in direct speech is still
true (but this is only for things which are general facts, and even then usually we like to change the tense):
Direct speech: The sky is blue.
Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.
Reported Questions
So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and negative sentences. But how about
questions?
Direct speech: Where do you live?
How can we make the reported speech here?
In fact, it's not so different from reported statements. The tense changes are the same, and we keep the
question word. The very important thing though is that, once we tell the question to someone else, it
isn't a question any more. So we need to change the grammar to a normal positive sentence. A bit
confusing? Maybe this example will help:
Direct speech: Where do you live?
Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.
The direct question is in the present simple tense. We make a present simple question with 'do' or 'does'
so I need to take that away. Then I need to change the verb to the past simple.
Another example:
Direct speech: Where is Julie?
Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was.
The direct question is the present simple of 'be'. We make the question form of the present simple of be by
inverting (changing the position of) the subject and verb. So, we need to change them back before putting
the verb into the past simple.
Here are some more examples:
Direct Question Reported Question
Where is the Post Office, please? She asked me where the Post Office was.
What are you doing? She asked me what I was doing.
Who was that fantastic man? She asked me who that fantastic man had been.
So much for 'wh' questions. But, what if you need to report a 'yes / no' question? We don't have any
question words to help us. Instead, we use 'if':
Direct speech: Do you like chocolate?
Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate.
Here are a few more examples:
DirectQuestion ReportedQuestion
Do you love me? He asked me if I loved him.
Have you ever been to Mexico? She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.
Are you livinghere? She asked me if I was living here/ there
Click here to practise reported 'wh' questions.
Click here to practise reported 'yes / no' questions.
Reported Requests
There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For example:
Direct speech: Close the window, please
Or: Could you close the window please?
Or: Would you mind closing the window please?
All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need to report every word when we tell another person
about it. We simply use 'ask me + to + infinitive':
Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.
Here are a few more examples:
DirectRequest ReportedRequest
Please help me. She asked me to help her.
Please don't smoke. She asked me not to smoke.
Could you bring my book tonight? She asked me to bring her book that night.
Could you pass the milk, please? She asked me to pass the milk.
Would you mind coming early tomorrow? She asked me to come early the next day.
To report a negative request, use 'not':
Direct speech: Please don't be late.
Reported speech: She asked us not to be late.
Reported Orders
And finally, how about if someone doesn't ask so politely? We can call this an 'order' in English, when someone
tells you very directly to do something. For example:
Direct speech: Sit down!
In fact, we make this into reported speech in the same way as a request. Wejust use 'tell' instead of 'ask':
Reported speech: She told me to sit down.
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Direct Order Reported Order
Go to bed! He told the child to go to bed.
Don't worry! He told her not to worry.
Be on time! He told me to be on time.
Don't smoke! He told us not to smoke.
Click here for an exercise to practise reported requests and orders.
Time Expressions with Reported Speech
Sometimes when we change direct speech into reported speech we have to change time expressions too. We
don't always have to do this, however. It depends on when we heard the direct speech and when we say the
reported speech. For example : It's Monday. Julie says "I'm leaving today".
If I tell someone on Monday, I say "Julie said she was leaving today".
If I tell someone on Tuesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving yesterday".
If I tell someone on Wednesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving on Monday".
If I tell someone a month later, I say "Julie said she was leaving that day".
So, there's no easy conversion. You really have to think about when the direct speech was said.
Here's a table of some possible conversio
conversions:
now then / at that time
today yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December /
yesterday
the previous day
Last night the night before, the previous night ,Thursday night
Last week the week before / the previous week
tomorrow today / the next day / the following day / Friday
Exercise: Change the sentences below into reported speech.
a. ‘I spent a lot of time writing my C.V. yesterday,’said Lucy.
b. ‘What do you think about my skills and qualifications, Tony?’ asked Brian.
c. ‘Don’t stay here until late, Jennifer. This can wait until tomorrow,’
’ said her boss.
d. ‘How many workers are doing this task, Gerry?’ asked the director..
e. “I took a few important
tant decisions at work last month.” Bobby told me.
f. “Where did you put my favourite T
T-shirt? Macey asked her mother.
g. “Be careful! Don’t forget to take your identity card with you!” advised David’ mother.
Go online andpractisedirectandindirectspeech
andpractisedirectandindirectspeech@[Link]
rammar-exercises/reported-speech-1,
3
Direct and Reported Speech
Now write one statement, questions or request you would like your colleagues to change into Reported
Speech.