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Environmental Science Study Guide

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their nonliving environment, interacting as a system. It consists of biotic factors, such as plants and animals, and abiotic factors, like sunlight and water. The ecosystem's energy flow is structured in trophic levels, including primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers.

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3 views1 page

Environmental Science Study Guide

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their nonliving environment, interacting as a system. It consists of biotic factors, such as plants and animals, and abiotic factors, like sunlight and water. The ecosystem's energy flow is structured in trophic levels, including primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers.

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mohammadsamimsu
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Ecosystem Dynamics and Energy Flow

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components


of their environment, interacting as a system.

Components of an Ecosystem

●​ Biotic Factors: Living things, such as plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.
●​ Abiotic Factors: Non-living components, such as sunlight, temperature, soil, water, and
atmospheric gases.

Trophic Levels

1.​ Primary Producers: Autotrophs (mostly plants) that generate energy via
photosynthesis.
2.​ Primary Consumers: Herbivores that eat producers.
3.​ Secondary Consumers: Carnivores that eat herbivores.
4.​ Decomposers: Organisms that break down dead organic material.

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