1506, National Highway, Dila, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna
LEARNING MODULE
BASIC CALCULUS
Learning Module No. 2
WEEK 2
TOPIC/LESSON NAME Determining the Limit of a Function From Graph
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts of limit
CONTENT STANDARD
and continuity of a function
PERFORMANCE The learners shall be able to formulate and solve accurately real-life
STANDARDS problems involving continuity of functions
LEARNING The learners illustrate the limit of a function using the graph of the
COMPENTENCIES function
At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Illustrate the limit of a function using graph of a function;
SPECIFIC LEARNING
OUTCCOMES 2. use the graph of a function to find limits for a number of
different functions
3. Manifest the value of self-acceptance and self-awareness.
OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Motivation
3. Lesson proper
4. Evaluation
1. INTRODUCTION
The teacher will defined about the limit of specific function.
2. MOTIVATION
The teacher will ask students about their strengths and weaknesses including their limitations.
[Link] PROPER
The teacher will discuss the lesson provided by some examples.
[Link]
1. The students will answer the learning Activity.
REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READINGS
Computer Programming Volume I (REX book Store)
PREPARED BY: Ms. Angelica M. Saez, Lpt
DEPARTMENT ICT
CONTACT DETAILS 09466055732
LEARNING MODULE REVISION NUMBER 0
SEMESTER & YEAR 2nd Semester 2020-2021
Tel.: (049) 302-0477 / Mobile: 0925 868 5058 0927 446 5983
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1506, National Highway, Dila, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna
LEARNING MODULE
BASIC CALCULUS
Learning Module No. 2
Tel.: (049) 302-0477 / Mobile: 0925 868 5058 0927 446 5983
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WEEK 2
LESSON PROPER
Introduction:
Limits
If f(x) eventually gets closer and closer to a specific value L as x approaches a chosen value c
from the right, then we say that the limit of f(x) as x approaches c from the right is L.
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = L to denote "the limit of f(x) as x approaches c from the right is L"
𝑥→𝑐⁺
If f(x) eventually gets closer and closer to a specific value L as x approaches a chosen value c
from the left, then we say that the limit of f(x) as x approaches c from the left is L.
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = L to denote "the limit of f(x) as x approaches c from the left is L"
𝑥→𝑐¯
If the limit of f(x) as x approaches c is the same from both the right and the left, then we say that
the limit of f(x) as x approaches c is L.
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = L to denote "the limit of f(x) as x approaches c is L"
𝑥→𝑐
“If f(x) never approaches a specific finite value as x approaches c, then we say that the
limit does not exist (DNE). If f(x) has different right and left limits, then the two-sided limit
(lim 𝑓(𝑥)) does not exist (DNE).”
𝑥→𝑐
Be careful!: The plus or minus sign which appears after the c denotes the direction from
which x approaches c - it does NOT mean that c itself is positive or negative (it may be either)!
For example:
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = L means that the limit of f(x) as x approaches -2 from the left is L;
𝑥→−2¯
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = L means that the limit of f(x) as x approaches -2 from the right is L;
𝑥→−2⁺
lim 𝑓(𝑥)= L means that the limit of f(x) as x approaches 2 from the left is L; and
𝑥→2¯
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = L means that the limit of f(x) as x approaches 2 from the right is L;
𝑥→2⁺
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Continuous, Discontinuity
A function is continuous in an interval if the graph of that function over that interval can be
drawn in one stroke.
A discontinuity on a graph is any point at which the graph is NOT continuous (e.g. a hole, a
jump, an asymptote).
Limits of Specific Functions
A. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒄)
𝒙→𝒄
For many straightforward functions, the limit of f(x) at c is the same as the value
of f(x) at c. For example, for the function in the graph below, the limit of f(x) at 1 is simply
2, which is what we get if we evaluate the function f at 2. Because the point (1, 2) is on the
graph of f(x), the limit is 2, so we could write:
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐
𝒙→𝟏
B. A hole at x=c
For the function in the graph below, f(x) is not defined when x = -2. Looking at the graph, we can
see that there is a hole, or discontinuity, at that point. However, in this case, we can see that as
we move along the line representing the function f(x) from the left towards x = -2, the value
of f(x) gets closer and closer to -4. Similarly, as we move along the line representing the
function f(x) from the right towards x = -2, the value of f(x) gets closer and closer to -4. So in this
case, we can conclude that:
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = −𝟒
𝒙→−𝟐
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C. A jump discontinuity at x=c consisting of a single point
For the function in the graph below, f(x) is defined when x = -2, but the value of f(x) at -2 is not
at all similar to the value which f(x) will approach as x gets closer to -2 from either the left or the
right. Looking at the graph, we can see that there is a jump discontinuity at that point so that
when x = -2, f(x) = -1; however, when x is near (but NOT equal to) -2, f(x) is actually close to -4.
𝒇(−𝟐) = −𝟏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = −𝟒
𝒙→−𝟐
D. A jump discontinuity at x=c, and different limits from the right and from the left
For the function in the graph below, f(x) is defined when x = 1, but the value which f(x) will
approach as x gets closer to 1 from the left is different from the value that it will approach as x gets
closer to 1 from the right. Looking at the graph, we can see that as x approaches 1 from the
left, f(x) approaches negative two; however, as x approaches 1 from the
right, f(x) approaches positive 2.
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = −𝟐
𝒙→𝟏¯
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐
𝒙→𝟏⁺
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒅𝒐𝒆𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒔𝒕/DNE
𝒙→𝟏
Note: If the limit from the left and form the right are unequal, then the limit of the function does not
exist(DNE)
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Here are another example for you to understand more.
A. Using the graph below, find the following limits
a) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟐
𝑥→−1¯
The limit of f(x) such that x approaches to -1 from the left is 2
b) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟐
𝑥→−1⁺
The limit of f(x) such that x approaches to -1 from the right is 2
c) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟐
𝑥→−1
Solution: Since lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑓(𝑥), therefore lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟐
𝑥→−1¯ 𝑥→−1⁺ 𝑥→−1
d) 𝑓 (−1) = 𝟏
When the function of x is -1 the value is 1
e) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑫𝑵𝑬
𝑥→−4
Solution: Let us find first the lim 𝑓(𝑥), when the limit of f(x) such that x approaches to the -4
𝑥→−4¯
from the left is 3. Then get the lim 𝑓(𝑥), when the limit of f(x) such that x approaches to the -4
𝑥→−4⁺
from the right is 4.
Hence lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ lim 𝑓(𝑥), therefore lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑫𝑵𝑬
𝑥→−4¯ 𝑥→−4⁺ 𝑥→−4
f) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑫𝑵𝑬
𝑥→4
Solution: Let us find first the lim 𝑓(𝑥), when the limit of f(x) such that x approaches to the 4
𝑥→4¯
from the left is -3. Then get the lim 𝑓(𝑥), when the limit of f(x) such that x approaches to the 4
𝑥→4⁺
from the right is -2.
Hence lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ lim 𝑓(𝑥), therefore lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑫𝑵𝑬
𝑥→4¯ 𝑥→4⁺ 𝑥→4
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B. Using the graph below, find the following limits
a) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟑
𝑥→1¯
The limit of f(x) such that x approaches to 1 from the left is 3.
b) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟑
𝑥→1⁺
The limit of f(x) such that x approaches to -1 from the right is 3.
c) lim 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝟑
𝑥→1
Solution: Since lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑓(𝑥), therefore lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟑.
𝑥→−1¯ 𝑥→−1⁺ 𝑥→−1
d) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑫𝑵𝑬
𝑥→−5
Solution: Let us find first the lim 𝑓(𝑥), when the limit of f(x) such that x approaches to the -5
𝑥→−5¯
from the left is 2. Then get the lim 𝑓(𝑥), when the limit of f(x) such that x approaches to the -5
𝑥→−5⁺
from the right is 3.
Hence lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ lim 𝑓(𝑥), therefore lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑫𝑵𝑬
𝑥→−5¯ 𝑥→−5⁺ 𝑥→−5
e) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑫𝑵𝑬
𝑥→5
Solution: Let us find first the lim 𝑓(𝑥), when the limit of f(x) such that x approaches to the 5
𝑥→5¯
from the left is 0. Then get the lim 𝑓(𝑥), when the limit of f(x) such that x approaches to the 5
𝑥→5⁺
from the right is 1.
Hence lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ lim 𝑓(𝑥), therefore lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑫𝑵𝑬
𝑥→5¯ 𝑥→5⁺ 𝑥→5
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EVALUATION
I. Determine the limits from the graph.
A. Using the graph below, find the following limits.
1. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−4¯
2. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−4⁺
3. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−3¯
4. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−3⁺
5. 𝑓(3)
B. Using the graph below, find the following limits.
6. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−3¯
7. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−3⁺
8. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→3¯
9. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→3⁺
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10. 𝑓(−2)
C. Using the graph below, find the following limits.
11. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−5¯
12. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−5⁺
13. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→5¯
14. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→5⁺
15. 𝑓(5)
REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL READINGS
Felipe Sarmiento, Wilfredo De Castro. Basic Calculus for Senior High.
Commission on Higher Education, Basic Calculus pdf, 2016
[Link]
PREPARED BY: Ms. Angelica M. Saez, Lpt
DEPARTMENT Information and Communication Technology
CONTACT DETAILS 09466055732
LEARNING MODULE REVISION NUMBER 0
SEMESTER & YEAR 2nd Sem 2020-2021
Tel.: (049) 302-0477 / Mobile: 0925 868 5058 0927 446 5983
asiatechnological@[Link]
[Link]/ASIATECHofficial
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Asia Technological School of Science and Arts
1506, Entrance of Golden City of Sta. Rosa, Laguna
BASIC CALCULUS
(Module 2)
Name:______________________________ Date: ____________
Subject Teacher: _____________________ Section: __________
ANSWER SHEET.
I. Determine the limits from the graph.
A. Using the graph below, find the following limits.
1. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−4¯
2. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−4⁺
3. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−3¯
4. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−3⁺
5. 𝑓(3)
B. Using the graph below, find the following limits.
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1. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−3¯
2. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−3⁺
3. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→3¯
4. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→3⁺
5. 𝑓(−2)
C. Using the graph below, find the following limits.
1. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−5¯
2. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−5⁺
3. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→5¯
4. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→5⁺
5. 𝑓(5)
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