Lab2: Arrays Data Structure
C++ Arrays
In this tutorial, we will learn to work with arrays. We will learn to declare, initialize,
and access array elements in C++ programming with the help of examples.
In C++, an array is a variable that can store multiple values of the same type.
C++ Array Declaration
dataType arrayName[arraySize];
For example,
int x[6];
Here,
• int - type of element to be stored
• x - name of the array
• 6 - size of the array
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Access Elements in C++ Array
In C++, each element in an array is associated with a number. The number is known
as an array index. We can access elements of an array by using those indices.
// syntax to access array elements
array[index];
Consider the array x we have seen above.
Elements of an array in C++
C++ Array Initialization
In C++, it's possible to initialize an array during declaration. For example,
// declare and initialize and array
int x[6] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9, 15};
C++ Array
elements and their data
Another method to initialize array during declaration:
// declare and initialize an array
int x[] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9, 15};
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Here, we have not mentioned the size of the array. In such cases, the compiler
automatically computes the size.
C++ Array With Empty Members
In C++, if an array has a size n , we can store upto n number of elements in the array.
However, what will happen if we store less than n number of elements.
For example,
// store only 3 elements in the array
int x[6] = {19, 10, 8};
Here, the array x has a size of 6 . However, we have initialized it with only 3 elements.
In such cases, the compiler assigns random values to the remaining places.
Oftentimes, this random value is simply 0 .
Empty array
members are automatically assigned the value 0
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How to insert and print array elements?
int mark[5] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9}
// change 4th element to 9
mark[3] = 9;
// take input from the user
// store the value at third position
cin >> mark[2];
// take input from the user
// insert at ith position
cin >> mark[i-1];
// print first element of the array
cout << mark[0];
// print ith element of the array
cout >> mark[i-1];
Example 1: Displaying Array Elements
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int numbers[5] = {7, 5, 6, 12, 35};
cout << "The numbers are: ";
// Printing array elements
// using range based for loop
for (const int &n : numbers) {
cout << n << " ";
}
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cout << "\nThe numbers are: ";
// Printing array elements
// using traditional for loop
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
cout << numbers[i] << " ";
}
return 0;
}
Output
The numbers are: 7 5 6 12 35
The numbers are: 7 5 6 12 35
Example 2: Take Inputs from User and Store Them in an
Array
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int numbers[5];
cout << "Enter 5 numbers: " << endl;
// store input from user to array
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
cin >> numbers[i];
}
cout << "The numbers are: ";
// print array elements
for (int n = 0; n < 5; ++n) {
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cout << numbers[n] << " ";
}
return 0;
}
Output
Enter 5 numbers:
11
12
13
14
15
The numbers are: 11 12 13 14 15
Example 3: Display Sum and Average of Array Elements
Using for Loop
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// initialize an array without specifying size
double numbers[] = {7, 5, 6, 12, 35, 27};
double sum = 0;
double count = 0;
double average;
cout << "The numbers are: ";
// print array elements
// use of range-based for loop
for (const double &n : numbers) {
cout << n << " ";
// calculate the sum
sum += n;
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// count the no. of array elements
++count;
}
// print the sum
cout << "\nTheir Sum = " << sum << endl;
// find the average
average = sum / count;
cout << "Their Average = " << average << endl;
return 0;
}
Output
The numbers are: 7 5 6 12 35 27
Their Sum = 92
Their Average = 15.3333
Passing Array to a Function in C++
Programming
In this tutorial, we will learn how to pass a single-dimensional and multidimensional
array as a function parameter in C++ with the help of examples.
In C++, we can pass arrays as an argument to a function. And, also we can return
arrays from a function.
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Syntax for Passing Arrays as Function Parameters
The syntax for passing an array to a function is:
returnType functionName(dataType arrayName[arraySize]) {
// code
}
Let's see an example,
int total(int marks[5]) {
// code
}
Here, we have passed an int type array named marks to the function total() . The size
of the array is 5 .
Example 1: Passing One-dimensional Array to a Function
// C++ Program to display marks of 5 students
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// declare function to display marks
// take a 1d array as parameter
void display(int m[5]) {
cout << "Displaying marks: " << endl;
// display array elements
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
cout << "Student " << i + 1 << ": " << m[i] << endl;
}
}
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int main() {
// declare and initialize an array
int marks[5] = {88, 76, 90, 61, 69};
// call display function
// pass array as argument
display(marks);
return 0;
}
Output
Displaying marks:
Student 1: 88
Student 2: 76
Student 3: 90
Student 4: 61
Student 5: 69
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