BP203T:BIOCHEMISTRY
L:3 T:1 P:0 Credits:4
Course Outcomes: Through this course students should be able to
CO1 :: understand the catalytic role of enzymes, importance of enzyme inhibitors in design of
new drugs, therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes
CO2 :: memorize and recall the metabolism of nutrient molecules in physiological and
pathological conditions
CO3 :: understand the genetic organization of mammalian genome and functions of DNA in the
synthesis of RNAs and proteins.
CO4 :: Summarize biological role of basic nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat) and energy rich
compounds (ATP, cAMP)
CO5 :: Predict the generation of energy from biological cycles
CO6 :: Categorize relation between various classes and chemical nature of different biomolecules
Unit I
Biomolecules : Introduction, classification of biomolecules chemical nature and biological role of
carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins
Bioenergetics : concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reaction, relationship between free
energy, enthalpy and entropy- redox potential, energy rich compounds
Biological oxidation : electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism., oxidative phosphorylation
and its level mechanism and substrate phosphorylation, inhibitors ETC and oxidative
phosphorylation/Uncouplers
Unit II
Carbohydrate metabolism : glycolysis – pathway, energetics and significance, citric acid cycle-
pathway, energetics and significance, HMP shunt and its significance- glucose-6-Phosphate
dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, glycogen metabolism pathways, glycogen storage diseases (GSD),
gluconeogenesis - pathway and its significance, hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and
diabetes mellitus
Unit III
Lipid metabolism : De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid), biological significance of
cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D, ß-Oxidation
of saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid), formation and utilization of ketone bodies, ketoacidosis,
disorders of lipid metabolism- hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity
Unit IV
Amino acid metabolism : general reactions of amino acid metabolism- transamination, deamination
and decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders, catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their
metabolic disorders (phenyketonuria, albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia), synthesis and significance
of biological substances- 5-HT, melatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, catabolism of heme-
hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice
Unit V
Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer : biosynthesis of purine and
pyrimidine nucleotides, catabolism of purine nucleotides, hyperuricemia and gout disease,
organization of mammalian genome, structure of DNA and RNA and their functions, DNA replication
(semi conservative model) transcription or RNA synthesis, genetic code, translation or protein
synthesis and inhibitors
Unit VI
Enzymes : Introduction and properties of enzymes, nomenclature and International Union of
Biochemistry (IUB) classification of enzymes, enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Line Weaver Burke
plot), enzyme inhibition with examples, regulation of enzymes- enzyme induction and repression,
allosteric enzymes regulation, therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes,
coenzymes –structure and biochemical function
Text Books:
1. BIOCHEMISTRY by SATYANARAYANA. U, CHAKRAPANI. U, ELSEVIER
References:
1. LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY by NELSON, DL, COX. MM, MACMILLAN
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