BY- Z.J.
RISK
(BATCH-6)
Exodontia Instruments
Guided by – [Link] Batra
CONTENTS
MAXILLARY FORCEPS
MANDIBULAR FORCEPS
ELEVATORS
ALVEOPLASTY INSTRUMENTS
SUTURE INSTRUMENTS
FORCEPS
■ All forceps consists of three parts which
are:-
■ Two handles.
■ Two beaks/blades.
■ One hinge/joint.
• The tooth should be
gripped at or just
below the cemento-
enamel junction.
• The blades of forceps
should be sharp
enough to be easily
forced in the
periodontal ligament
space.
MAXILLARY FORCEPS
ANTERIOR FORCEPS
INCISORS & CANINES FORCEPS
• Straight beak and Straight handle
• Same forceps used for maxillary
FEATURES incisors and canines
• Universal design for left &right
quadrant
• To remove maxillary incisors and
FUNCTION canines form bony socket
PRINCIPLE • Lever and wedge
• Labial pressure, then lingual pressure,
MOVEMENTS then labial pressure with mesial
rotation
PREMOLAR FORCEPS
PREMOLAR FORCEPS
• Used only for upper premolars
• Slight angulation (when viewed
from the side) Follows
FEATURES curvature of premolars
• Universal design for left and
right quadrant
• To remove maxillary premolars
FUNCTION form bony socket
PRINCIPLE • Lever and wedge
• Buccal pressure ,lingual
MOVEMENTS pressure and removal in the
buccal direction.
MOLAR FORCEPS
LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE
MOLAR FORCEPS
• Forceps for upper molars (three
rooted teeth) are different for left
and right molars.
• The Palatal beak has a SMOOTH
FEATURES concave surface and the buccal
beak is POINTED. (this point buccal
beak is placed in the buccal
bifurcation when extracting)
• To remove maxillary 1st and 2nd
FUNCTION molars form bony socket
PRINCIPLE • Lever and wedge
• Buccal pressure, slight palatal
MOVEMENTS pressure and distal rotation.
THIRD MOLAR FORCEPS
THIRD MOLAR FORCEPS
• Forceps have broad and
smooth beaks
• The forceps are bent in a
certain way (Bayonet) to reach
the most posterior teeth
FEATURES (wisdom teeth) This provides
easier access to them
• One forceps can be used for
both sides (upper left and
right)
• Only for 3rd molar
• To remove maxillary 3rd molars
FUNCTION form bony socket
PRINCIPLE • Lever and wedge
ROOT FORCEPS
ROOT FORCEPS
• Also known as "Bayonett Root
forceps"
• Used for upper premolars and
all molar roots (including 3"
molar roots)
FEATURES • Shaped in the way it is
(Bayonett) for easier access to
the posterior teeth
• Beaks touch- used only for
extracting roots!
• To remove roots form bony
FUNCTION socket
PRINCIPLE • Lever and wedge
MAXILLARY COWHORN
RIGHT SIDE LEFT SIDE
COWHORN FORCEPS
• Forceps for upper molars
(three rooted teeth) are
different for left and right
molars.
• The Palatal beak has a
FEATURES SMOOTH concave surface and
the buccal beak is POINTED.
(this point buccal beak in
placed in the buccal bifurcation
when extracting)
• To remove GROSSLY CARIOUS
maxillary 1st and 2nd molars
FUNCTION form bony socket with intact
furcation.
PRINCIPLE • Lever and wedge
MANDIBULAR FORCEPS
MANDIBULAR ANTERIOR
ANTERIOR FORCEPS
• Beaks touch
• Beaks are rounded, not pointed to
fit around crown curvature
FEATURES • 90 degree angle between beak and
handle (at hinge)
• Universal design for left and right
quadrant
• To remove mandibular incisors and
FUNCTION canines form bony socket
PRINCIPLE • Lever and wedge
•Labial pressure, lingual pressure; slight mesial to
MOVEMENTS distal force and removal in the labial direction.
PREMOLAR FORCEPS
PREMOLAR FORCEPS
• Beaks don’t touch
• Beaks are rounded, not pointed to
fit around crown curvature
FEATURES • 90 degree angle between beak
and handle (at hinge)
• Universal design for left and right
quadrant
• To remove mandibular premolars
FUNCTION form bony socket
PRINCIPLE • Lever and wedge
• Buccal pressure, with slight mesio-
MOVEMENTS distal rotation.
MOLAR FORCEPS
MOLAR FORCEPS
• Two pointed beaks
• Both beaks engage in the furcation
FEATURES area
• Universal design for left and right
quadrant
• To remove mandibular 1st and 2nd
FUNCTION molars form bony socket
PRINCIPLE • Lever and wedge
• Buccal pressure, lingual pressure and
MOVEMENTS removal in the buccal direction.
THIRD MOLAR FORCEPS
THIRD MOLAR FORCEPS
• Beaks are at right angles to the
handles
FEATURES • Beaks are more broader & stout
• Universal design for left and right
quadrant
• To remove mandibular 3rd molars
FUNCTION form bony socket
PRINCIPLE • Lever and wedge
• Buccal pressure and removal in
MOVEMENTS the buccal or lingual direction.
ROOT FORCEPS
ROOT FORCEPS
• Similar to lower anterior
forceps
• Have longer and pointed beaks
FEATURES • Beaks touch
• Universal design for left and
right quadrant
• To remove mandibular roots
FUNCTION form bony socket
PRINCIPLE • Lever and wedge
MANDIBULAR COWHORN
AMERICAN PATTERN
COWHORN FORCEPS
• It has identical open beaks that
resemble the horn of the cow.
• The beaks engage in the
FEATURES furcation area
• Universal design for left and
right quadrant
• To remove mandibular grossly
FUNCTION carious tooth form bony socket
with intact furcation
PRINCIPLE • Lever and wedge
ELEVATORS
Elevators
■ Elevators are instruments designed to
aid in the removal of teeth or
remaining roots that cannot be gripped
by forceps.
■ They serve to luxate roots or teeth but
final removal of the tooth is done by using
forceps.
The elevator is c o m p o s e d of three
parts :- ■ The blade
■ The shaft
■ The handle
Indications For the use of elevators:-
To luxate teeth or roots which can not be
extracted by the forceps such as :-
1) Impacted teeth.
2) Malposed teeth.
3) Fragile teeth.
4) Teeth with massive cervical caries.
When initial application of extraction is liable to
cause trauma to the lip, cheek or alveolar bone
tissue, the tooth is luxated first by the use of
elevators and then removed by using the forceps.
The proper rules for the use of elevators:-
• Never used the adjacent tooth as a fulcrum,
unless this tooth is going to be extracted in
the same visit.
• Never use the lingual plate as a fulcrum as it
is weak and will be fractured upon
application of force.
• The buccal plate of bone is used as
a fulcrum.
• Using the elevator for extraction teeth
or roots from the maxillary bone needs
for high skills and experience.
PERIOSTEAL ELEVATOR
PERIOSTEAL ELEVATOR/
MOLT NO. 9 ELEVATOR
• Double ended with one round,
FEATURES blunted end and one pointed end
• To detach the periosteum form
FUNCTION bone or to reflect gingival tissue
from around the neck of the tooth
PRINCIPLE • Wedge
COUPLAND ELEVATOR
COUPLAND ELEVATOR
• Pear shaped handle with straight
FEATURES shank and blade which has concave
surface. Tip is sharp and straight
• To luxate tooth or root from bony
FUNCTION socket
PRINCIPLE • Wedge and lever
CRYER ELEVATOR
CRYER ELEVATOR
• Blade is at an angle to shank
and handle.
• Blade is curved and triangular
FEATURES in shape
• Available in pairs , right and
left.
• Removal of mandibular root
FUNCTION when one root is removed
PRINCIPLE • Wedge , lever and wheel & axle
APEXO ELEVATOR
APEXO ELEVATOR
• Biangulated with sharp,straight
FEATURES working tip
• Paired for mesial and distal root
• To luxate maxillary and
FUNCTION mandibular root stumps
PRINCIPLE • Wedge and lever
WARWICK JAMES ELEVATOR
WARWICK JAMES ELEVATOR
• Available as straight , curved
(paired)
FEATURES • Flat handle decreases force and
reduces chances of root fracture
FUNCTION • To luxate maxillary third molars
PRINCIPLE • Wedge and lever
CROSSBAR ELEVATOR
CROSSBAR ELEVATOR
• Same as cryer but shank is at
right angle to handle
FEATURES • Generates 4.5 times more force
• Availabe in pairs
• Removal of mandibular root
FUNCTION when one root is removed
PRINCIPLE • Wheel and axel
ALVEOPLASTY
ALVEOPLASTY INSTRUMENTS
BONE RONGEUR
FEATURE
heavy-duty surgical instrument
with a sharp-edged, scoop-
shaped tip
FUNCTION:
Used for the removal of the sharp
edges of the alveolar crest of the bone
following tooth extraction.
BONE FILER
FEATURE
single or double ends with a non-
slippery handle grip is present.
FUNCTION
used to smooth ,shape and
remove bone using a pull stroke
SUTURE INSTRUMENTS
NEEDLE HOLDER
FEATURE
1. Stable ratchet
2. Serrated jaws with a
longitudinal groove
FUNCTION
to hold a suturing needle during
surgical procedures.
A needle holder has short
powerful jaws which should never
be used to grasp tissue. The
crushing action of the jaws will
cause serious damage.
ALLIS TISSUE FORCEPS
FEATURE
•Smooth handle with
thumb/finger indentation
•Sharp teeth
•Interlocking teeth along the tips
FUNCTION
surgical instruments used to
grasp and manipulate tissue
during surgery.
SUTURE CUTTING SCISSORS
FEATURES
•Short blades
•Hook on the lower blade
•Long shank
•Finger ring handle
•Sharp, fine tips
•Ribbon-style finger ring handles
•Slender design
•Excellent balance
•Highly polished surface
FUNCTION
used to remove and cut sutures.
B o n e curettes M out h g a g
Retractors