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APL321 Lab Assignment 8

The lab report presents the derivation of discretized convection and diffusion terms (Hu and Hv) for the Navier-Stokes equations, along with a pressure correction equation to ensure incompressibility. It details a numerical simulation of unsteady flow using a fractional step method on a staggered grid, with specific flow parameters and initial conditions. Additionally, it analyzes the friction drag coefficient along the top wall, highlighting key observations related to the flow field and its impact on wall shear distribution.

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5 views4 pages

APL321 Lab Assignment 8

The lab report presents the derivation of discretized convection and diffusion terms (Hu and Hv) for the Navier-Stokes equations, along with a pressure correction equation to ensure incompressibility. It details a numerical simulation of unsteady flow using a fractional step method on a staggered grid, with specific flow parameters and initial conditions. Additionally, it analyzes the friction drag coefficient along the top wall, highlighting key observations related to the flow field and its impact on wall shear distribution.

Uploaded by

shayanm663
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

APL321 Lab Report

Lab Assignment 8
Shayan Majumdar

1 Question 1: Derivation of Hu and Hv


The terms Hu and Hv represent the discretized convection and diffusion terms of the
Navier-Stokes equations per unit control volume using a staggered grid.
For the u-momentum equation (evaluated at u-nodes):

(uu)i+1/2,j − (uu)i−1/2,j
 
i+1,j − 2ui,j + ui−1,j
u 
 ∆x  ∆x2
Hu = −  +ν 
 (uv)i,j+1/2 − (uv)i,j−1/2   ui,j+1 − 2ui,j + ui,j−1 
+ +
∆y ∆y 2

Using central differencing:


ui+1,j + ui,j
ui+1/2,j =
2

vi,j+1 + vi−1,j+1 + vi,j + vi−1,j


vi,j+1/2 =
4
For the v-momentum equation (evaluated at v-nodes):

(uv)i+1/2,j − (uv)i−1/2,j
 
i+1,j − 2vi,j + vi−1,j
v 
 ∆x  ∆x2
Hv = −  +ν 
 (vv)i,j+1/2 − (vv)i,j−1/2   vi,j+1 − 2vi,j + vi,j−1 
+ +
∆y ∆y 2

Interpolation at faces:
vi,j+1 + vi,j ui+1,j + ui+1,j−1 + ui,j + ui,j−1
vi,j+1/2 = , ui+1/2,j =
2 4

2 Question 2: Discretized Pressure Correction Equa-


tion
The incompressibility condition requires:

un+1 n+1
i+1,j − ui,j
n+1
vi,j+1 n+1
− vi,j
+ =0
∆x ∆y

1
Using the correction step:

∗ ∆t
un+1
i,j = ui,j − (pi,j − pi−1,j )
∆x

n+1 ∗ ∆t
vi,j = vi,j − (pi,j − pi,j−1 )
∆y
Substituting into continuity gives:

1 u∗i+1,j − u∗i,j vi,j+1


∗ ∗ 
− vi,j

pi+1,j − 2pi,j + pi−1,j pi,j+1 − 2pi,j + pi,j−1
+ = +
∆x2 ∆y 2 ∆t ∆x ∆y

This Poisson equation is solved iteratively to obtain the pressure field and enforce
divergence-free velocity.

3 Question 3: Numerical Simulation of Unsteady


Flow Field
The unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations were solved using the fractional
step method on a staggered grid. The computational domain is a rectangular region of
size Lx = 20 and Ly = 4, discretized into Nx = 200 and Ny = 40 grid cells.
The flow parameters used are:

• Inlet velocity: v0 = 1

• Kinematic viscosity: ν = 0.01

• Inlet width: a = 2

The initial condition is:

u(x, y, 0) = 0, v(x, y, 0) = 0

The simulation is advanced in time using an explicit scheme until t = 50.

Results

Figure 1: Contour plot of horizontal velocity component (u) at t = 50.

2
Figure 2: Contour plot of vertical velocity component (v) at t = 50.

Figure 3: Contour plot of pressure field (p) at t = 50.

4 Question 4: Friction Drag Coefficient at Top Wall


The friction drag coefficient along the top wall (y = Ly ) is given by:

∂u
ν ∂y
y=Ly
Cf (x) = − 1 2
v
2 0

Using staggered grid approximation:

∂u 0 − ui,N y
≈
∂y y=Ly ∆y/2

3
Result

Figure 4: Friction drag coefficient Cf (x) at the top wall at t = 50.

Observations and Relation to the Flow Field


1. Stagnation Point (x ≈ 10): The jet impinges at the center, giving u = 0 and
hence Cf = 0.

2. Peak Friction Regions: High velocity gradients form on either side, producing
peaks in Cf .

3. Decay Towards Boundaries: Viscous diffusion reduces gradients, causing Cf to


approach zero.

4. Relation to Flow Field: Recirculation regions influence wall shear distribution.

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