OREGON DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION BODY PARTS LIFE CYCLE PREDATORS

OF AGRICULTURE GUIDES Stink bugs are insects in the order Hemiptera, known When the weather warms in the spring and the days get
to entomologists as the “true bugs.” True bugs are longer, adult stink bugs come out of hibernation to feed, Apoecilus bracteatus Adult Podisus brevispinus, P. maculiventris, Adult
characterized by having sucking mouthparts that mate, and lay eggs. These adults will die a few weeks Size: 13 – 17 mm Podisus maculiventris
they use to suck juices from plants or prey. More later, but their offspring will hatch and develop through
Description: Pale orange, pink, or tan
Spined soldier bugs
specifically, stink bugs are in the family Pentatomidae, the summer. Stink bug egg clusters can have seven to as with solid red antennae. Abdomen Size: 8.5 – 13 mm
and are distinguished from other hemipterans by many as fifty eggs, varying by species. After hatching, the with alternating dark bands along
the edge. Apoecilus is univoltine Description: Adults are mottled light
having five antennal segments (penta = five, tomo young insects, called nymphs, go through five “instars”, or
and overwinters in the egg stage. brown to tan dorsally, but can
= part); other hemipterans have four or less. When immature stages, before molting into a winged adult. The appear to be slightly red or pink
The defensive fluid smells putrid.
disturbed, stink bugs emit defensive liquids from first instars generally remain on the egg cluster but later It has been reported that nymphs and adults are generally or on the hemelytra. Pronotum
their scent glands that can have a strong odor and instars can be very mobile. The different stages can be solitary but will aggregate to molt. often with pointed “spines” P. brevispinus, Adult
a bad taste to discourage predators. Although most distinguished by their relative size to one another and the on the hind angles, but these
Hosts: Predacious on Lepidoptera larvae, including fall can also be rounded. Wing
are herbivorous on a wide variety of plants, a few are development of the wing pads on the later instars. There webworm, and some leaf beetle larvae and sawfly larvae. membranes often have a central
predacious on other insects. Over 50 known stink is variation between species and some stages can be Nymphs and adults have been found on golden rod and black stripe. Antennae are solid
bug species have been found in Oregon. This guide difficult to discern. Stink bug nymphs will always complete alfalfa. tan colored. Podisus brevispinus
features some of the common species, and some five instars before molting into adults. can be distinguished from
Range: Have been collected in Oregon from western, south
P. maculiventris by
close relatives, that growers and others might find on and central regions. Occurs in the northern United States, Eggs 2nd instar 5th instar
the presence of a
their farms, in their gardens, or in their homes. For and in the western states, south to New Mexico and
small spine that
Colorado.
species with common names, they are provided under extends forward
the scientific name, but not all species possess a from the abdomen
common name. In Oregon, a few species of stink bug
Perillus bioculatus between the base
Two-spotted stinkbug of the hind legs on P. maculiventris, which is not present
can be nuisance or agricultural pests, but most are not or does not reach the hind legs on P. brevispinus.
considered pests and none are dangerous to people. Size: 8.5 – 11 mm
Hosts: Podisus species are predators on many pest
This guide is intended to aid you with identifying stink Description: Mostly black with bright species, and are important in many integrated
bugs that you find around the state to help with pest red or orange markings. Pronotum pest management systems. They primarily feed on
red with two black marks. Head Lepidoptera larvae, but because they are opportunistic
management decisions or to satisfy your curiosity. black with solid black antennae. Adult
will feed on many other types of insects.
Edge of scutellum with red marks.
ATTRACTIVE PLANTS Color can be variable, from red to
5th instar
Range: Both species are found across the United States

Stink Bugs
orange to very pale orange. Color and have been collected statewide in Oregon.
These plants are attractive to many species of stink on hemelytra can be present or
bugs throughout the spring and summer: not, but there are always two black Zicrona caerulea
of Oregon
marks in a field of color on the
• Antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) pronotum. Nymphs have black or
Blue shieldbug
At the end of the summer, as days get cooler and
• English holly (Ilex aquifolium) metallic blue wingpads and bright Size: 4.5 – 9 mm
shorter, adults will begin to move into hibernation areas abdomens.
• Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) and settle down for the winter. Most adult stink bugs Description: Distinctive dark blue
Hosts: Perillus bioculatus nymphs to black metallic color both
• Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus) spend the winter in leaf litter or under tree bark, but are voracious predators of the Colorado potato beetle dorsally and ventrally. Legs and
A guide to members of the insect family and other Rubus sp. some, like the brown marmorated stink bug, will gather (Leptinotarsa decimlineata). Nymphs and adults will feed on antennae are black. Adult
Pentatomidae and their relatives • Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium) in structures. Some stink bugs are univoltine, or have a the beetle eggs and larvae.
Hosts: Predacious on beetle Photo by Thomas Shahan
commonly found in Oregon single generation per year, but others are multivoltine, Range: Occurs statewide across Oregon, and across the larvae, particularly leaf beetles, and Lepidoptera larvae
• Red alder (Alnus rubra)
completing two or three depending on summer United States. (according to literature outside of North America). In
• Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) Britain, said to occur on low vegetation habitats such as
conditions. (Image adapted from illustrations in The
• Wild carrot (Daucus carota) heathland, damp grassland, and low woodlands. They
Developmental Stages of Some Species of the Japanese
are solitary and overwinter as an adult.
• Wild and weedy grasses Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera), Kobayashi 1967).
Range: Found across the United States and has been
collected statewide in Oregon.

For more STINK BUGS

information Banasa dimidiata
Size: 7 – 10 mm
Chinavia hilaris
Green stink bug
Adult Chlorochroa ligata
Conchuela bug
Chlorochroa rossiana
Size: 10 – 15 mm
Adult Thyanta custator
Red-shouldered stink bug
Adult

Description: Distinctive bi-colored Size: 13 – 19 mm Size: 13 – 20 mm Description: Bright green oval shape Size: 10 – 11 mm
pronotum; green towards the head Description: One of the largest stink Description: Ranges from bright to dark with yellow edges along abdomen. Description: Pale to light green,
Oregon Department of Agriculture and red towards the abdomen. bugs in Oregon. Uniform bright green (almost black in some regions) Small depression running along often with a distinctive red stripe
Insect Pest Prevention & Body usually glossy with small dark green color, abdomen has distinctive with a bright band along the edge
Adult
the middle of the scutellum. Juga across the pronotum, but are also
Management Program punctures. Scutellum often green
with light spot on the tip. Hemelytra
Adult black marks or notches along the
outer edge. Antennae dark with
of pronotum and abdomen ranging
from red to yellow. Antennae are
extend just past the tylus. If small
spots are present on the base of the
often light brown or tan with no
stripes or distinctive markings.
635 Capitol St. NE green or red. Antenna tan to green light bands. Edges of body may solid black. Many have a lighter scutellum, they are weak and indistinct, otherwise they are Wing membranes with scattered
with dark tips. Head is reddish be tinged with yellow. Nymphs are colored spot at the tip of the 5th instar not present. Wing membrane is clear or colorless. Antennae dark spots. Nymphs are dark
Salem, OR 97301 with dark punctures. Color of this brightly colored with black wingpads scutellum. Nymphs tend to be are dark, except for the first segment which is green. brown to black. Early nymphs Adult
[Link]/ODA species is highly variable. Often and white and green striped mostly black except for the margins Literature on this species is scarce. have two distinctive pale spots on
referred to as B. dimiata in literature. abdomens. Very young nymphs of their abdomen and pronotum, opposite sides of their abdomens
(503) 986-4621 Nymphs have a dark thorax with a
Hosts: Found on Oregon grape, spectacle pod (Dithyrea
have an orange pronotum. Older which is white to yellow. In other maritma), groudsel (Senecio vulgaris), clover (Trifolium and appear hairy compared
tan abdomen and are often more nymphs have orange patches on regions of the country, the color is to other stink bug nymphs.
Photos and illustrations by Chris Hedstrom, unless spp.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and cocklebur (Xanthium
oval than round when compared the edge of the pronotum, which highly variable. Wings reportedly Thyanta custator is very closely
otherwise noted. Information written and compiled strumarium).
to other stink bug nymphs. Banasa 5th instar nymphs of other species in Oregon 5th instar with purple flecks on specimens related to T. pallidovirens and
by Chris Hedstrom using various published tumidifrons and B. rolstoni are do not have. Often referred to as outside of Oregon and Washington. Range: Specimens in Oregon collected from Central and SE they are morphologically
sources. Please inquire for references. other species that are also reported Acrosternum hilare in literature. Defensive liquid smells sour and Oregon, but entire range is unknown. indistinguishable, but there is
2nd instar 3rd instar
from Oregon. These differ in size, candy-like. chromosomal evidence that 4th instar
This material was made possible, in part, by a rostrum length, and the coloration of Hosts: Wide range of hosts including Chlorochroa uhleri Adult they are separate species. This
Cooperative Agreement from the United States punctures on the head. English holly, hawthorns, red alder, Hosts: Wide range of hosts including
Size: 12 – 16 mm also species contains some
Department of Agriculture’s Animal Plant Health and Himalayan blackberry. Prefer Oregon grape, on which it is very
Hosts: Wide range of hosts, but subspecies.
woody shrubs and trees. Can be common, English holly, winegrapes, Description: Oval shape overall, pale
and Inspection Service (APHIS) and it may not commonly found in Oregon on a pest on corn, cotton, tree fruits, Himalayan blackberry, hawthorn, green with abdomen edged in Hosts: T. custator is a generalist
necessarily express APHIS’ views. This guide is mountain-ash (Sorbus spp.), tobacco, and other crops in some and arborvitae (Thuja spp.). C. ligata feeder and is reported to be a
yellow, without black markings.
part the brown marmorated stink bug biological English holly, lilac (Syringa vulgaris), 4th instar states. is considered a pest of apples in Antennae almost entirely black, first minor pest on a variety of crops
control project in Oregon, which was funded by arborvitae (Thuja spp.), and cane California and of cotton in New segment green. Three distinctive including beans, corn, peaches,
berries (Rubus spp.). In the Columbia Range: Common in the Willamette
USDA. Additional support was provided from the 2nd instar Valley and elsewhere in Oregon. Can 1st instar Mexico.
2nd instar light spots on the base of the and wheat. The closely related
Oregon Hazelnut Commission and the Oregon River Basin, species of Banasa can be scutellum. Hemelytra with yellow specks. Wing membranes T. pallidovirens is a pest of 2nd instar
found on conifers. be found in southern Canada, New Range: Very common throughout
Blueberry Commission. Thanks to the Walton Lab clear (without purple flecks, as can be seen on some pistachios in California.
England, and across the U.S. western and southern Oregon, and is
at Oregon State University for support in imaging, Range: Very common across Oregon found in the western United States. Chlorochroa ligata. Tylus and juga equal or nearly so. Range: Common through Oregon
and found across the United States. Embolium (ridge on hemelytra originating at the anterior and North America.
and collection and rearing of live specimens.
point of the forewing) is slightly wider towards the posterior
Layout and design by Liz Beeles. Revised May 2019. end than at the origin.
Hosts: Russian thistle (Salsosa iberica), tansymustard
(Descurania pinnata), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), wheat
Eggs 1st instar Eggs Eggs 1st instar (Triticum aestivum), tumblemustard (Sisymbrium altissimum),
and antelope bitterbrush in eastern Oregon (Purshia Eggs 1st instar
tridentata).
Range: Similar to above, specimens in Oregon collected from
Central and SE Oregon, but range is unknown.
Note: Chlorochroa species look very similar and are difficult to
determine to species without examining internal anatomy.
The descriptions in this guide are based on descriptions
from “Revision of the species of the Sayi-Group of
Chlorochroa Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)” by Buxton et
al. California Dept. of Food and Agriculture, 1983).
 STINK BUGS
Cosmopepla conspicillaris Cosmopepla intergressa Holcostethus abbreviatus Trichopepla aurora Adult Neottiglossa Adult
Hedge-nettle stink bug or happy bespeckled stink bug Size: 4 – 5 mm Holcostethus limbolarius Size: 8 mm tumidifrons
Holcostethus tristis Size: 4.5 – 6 mm
Size: 5 – 7 mm Description: Very round with brown Description: Tan with distinctive stripes
Adult speckled appearance. Often Size: 8 – 10 mm on the basal half of the pronotum.
Description: Glossy black dorsally H. abbreviatus, Adult Description: Very similar in
appears slightly metallic or Description: Mottled dark yellow and Unlike other stink bugs, the stink appearance to N. undata, but
with margins of scutellum and coppery, especially on ventral bugs in this genus are often
black pattern across entire dorsal with a more narrow body than
hemelytra outlined in yellow or side. Wing membranes often with Adult covered in small hairs (in Greek,
surface with alternating black and that species. Head broadly
orange. Pronotum with markings dark venation. Pronotum with light “tricho-” means hair, and “-pepla”
yellow bands along abdomen. rounded at the tip with concave
that resemble spectacles, with band. Scutellum with three ivory-colored spots. Antennae means coat). They are closely
Wing membrane area is solid dark. appearance. Also very similar in appearance to N.
a lateral yellow or orange line light except for last segment. related to the genus Holcostethus. 5th instar
H. limbolarius is very similar in cavifrons and N. sulcifrons, which are not as common or
in the middle of the pronotum.
Hosts: Common on thimbleberry, raspberry, and other Rubus appearance to H. abbreviatus, but is H. limbolarius, Adult H. limbolarius, Eggs They are reported to usually occur are not known to occur in Oregon.
Tip of scutellum edged in white. in groups. Literature regarding
Wing membranes. Legs and spp. and Geranium spp. Collected from wild currant (Ribes a little smaller, and the band of color
behavior or life history is scarce. Hosts: Frequently found on wild carrot, grasses, and oats.
antennae black or very dark
5th instar spp.) in southern Oregon. around the abdomen is continuously H. abbreviatus, 4th instar
yellow along the edge with small H. tristis, Adult H. tristis, 3rd instar Hosts: In Oregon, observed on weedy Range: Across Canada and United States. Common in
brown. Range: Found throughout Oregon. Common in the black marks instead of clear dark grasses, but is mostly unknown. Oregon in the Willamette Valley and identified from
Willamette Valley. Found in the western United States to bands. Holcostethus tristis is similar specimens in Baker, Deschutes, Douglas, Jackson and
Hosts: In literature,
Kansas and Missouri. in shape to H. abbreviatus and has Range: Occurs in California, Oregon, Lake counties and Wasco County.
C. conspicillaris is commonly
the same alternating black bands as Idaho, South Dakota and Colorado.
found on Stachys palustris,
commonly called hedge-nettle H. abbreviatus, but is much darker,
or woundwart. Also found Cosmopepla lintneriana nearly black or very dark brown Adult Neottiglossa undata Adult
on Stachys bizantia (Lamb’s Twice-stabbed stink bug with dark antennae. Nymphs of Antheminia remota Size: 4.5 – 6 mm
ear) in Corvallis. Collected in all species are have short hairs on
Eggs Size: 5 – 6 mm Adult their upper abdomen and thorax, Size: 8 – 9 mm
Corvallis, Oregon on pathfinder H. abbreviatus, 2nd instar Description: Body is long-oval
(Adenocaulon bicolor) and and have light bands or stripes on Description: Pink to purple head shape, mostly grey brown.
Description: Frequently referred to as
columbine (Aquilegia spp.). opposite sides of their abdomen. with pronotum green anteriorly and Yellow triangular head with
Cosmopepla bimaculata. Small
This genus is closely related to purple posteriorly, with a pale brown to black punctures. Pale
black body with red cross marking
Range: Western United States. In Trichopepla. lateral stripe running from the back yellow line in the middle of head
on pronotum. Scutellum with two
Oregon, specimens collected red markings on either side (these Hosts: Polyphagous species, of the head to the scutellum. Purple that extends through pronotum
primarily in western region of markings are where it gets its latin commonly found on English holly, or pink hemelytra with a green to scutellum, often with two pale lines on opposite sides
the state. H. tristis, Eggs scutellum, which has a wide tip. of scutellum. Outer antennal segments dark.
synonym and common name, two lilac (Syringa vulgaris), hawthorn, H. tristis, 1st instar
(bi-) stab marks (-maculata). Himalayan blackberry, and Edges of abdomen bright green. Formerly referred to as Hosts: Frequently found on wild carrot, grasses, and wild
Cosmopepla uhleri Adult
5th instar snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus) Codophila remota. oats in abundance.
Size: 4 – 5 mm Hosts: In Oregon, observed on lamb’s H. abbreviatus, Eggs
in the Willamette Valley. Also found Hosts and Range: Although this genus is found throughout the
ear, geranium, seed heads of wild Range: Across Canada and United States. Very common
Description: Reddish brown with a on antelope bitterbrush in central United States, it is not very common and there are sparse
carrot, columbine, thimbleberry, in Oregon in Willamette Valley and identified from
distinctive, irregular orange (or Oregon. notes about behavior or preferred host plants. In Oregon, it
and many other plants. specimens in Baker, Deschutes, Douglas, Jackson, Lake
red or yellow) band across the Range: Holcostethus abbreviatus has been collected in grassy areas statewide.
Range: Common throughout Oregon and Wasco counties.
pronotum. Pronotum without and Holcostethus tristis are found
pale edges seen in other and the United States.
in the western U.S. Holcostethus
Cosmopepla species. Antennae limbolarius is found across the
dark brown. Edge of abdomen United States. Holcostethous
with alternating light and dark bands. Underside black. Eggs 1st instar 3rd instar abbreviatus is common in western Oregon, whereas
Hosts: Collected on columbine (Aquilegia sp.). Holcostethus tristis is less commonly found in the state.
Also collected on thimbleberry in Portland (Rubus
parviflorus) and wild Geranium spp.
Range: Specimens in Oregon collected in and around
Portland, but extent of range in the state is unknown.
In the U.S., known range is western United States to
Nebraska.

STINK BUGS OTHER COMMON TRUE BUGS

Brochymena affinis Brochymena Euschistus conspersus Halyomorpha halys Family Acanthosomatidae Family
Adult Adult Consperse stink bug Adult Brown marmorated stink bug Adult Elasmucha lateralis Elasmucha Rhyparochromidae R. alboacuminatus,
Size: 14 – 20 mm quadripustulata lateralis, Adult
Rough stink bug Size: 8 – 12 mm Elasmostethus cruciatus Adult Raglius alboacuminatus
Description: Wide and flat bodied. Size: 8 – 12 mm
Size: E. lateralis is 6 – 8 mm Tuxedo bug
Black and white mottled Size: 14 – 18 mm Description: Upper body brown or Description: Greyish brown and marbled
E. cruciatus is 8 – 10 mm
appearance with accents of grey overall, mottled or spotted upper body, sometimes slightly Description: R. alboacuminatus is a
orange on pronotum and Description: Oval shape, narrow when purplish on the hemeleytra. Legs Description: The family
appearance, underside light tan true bug in the family commonly
scutellum, upper body covered compared to B. affinis. Jugae are are light tan to white with dark Acanthosomatidae was
or light green. Pronotum with called “dirt-colored seed
in punctures and indentations. longer than tylus, and converge to spots on the femora. Alternating formerly treated as a subfamily
small serrations along the outer bugs”. They were first found in
Antennae solid black. Front edge touch (they do not usually touch light and dark banding along the within the Pentatomidae, but
edges. Legs are yellow or tan Oregon in 2002. They are of note
of prontotum with serrations. in B. affinis). Overall grey-brown edge of the abdomen is usually is now considered separate.
mottled body covered in dimples or 5th instar and covered in black spots. Wing
Members of this family can be
because they can occasionally
Wing membranes with dark areas membranes are dark, but faint spots visible from above. Pronotum invade homes and landscapes
around veins. Legs are black with indentations, compared to B. affinis without serrations along the edge, distinguished from the pentatomids Photo by João Coelho
are visible. Antennae are yellow with Elasmostethus in very large numbers, making
white bands. Jugae extend past that is more black and white than unlike Brochymena or Euschistus. by the number of tarsal segments—
brown tips. Conspersus means “with 5th instar two for Acanthosomatidae and cruciatus, them a nuisance pest. They can be identified by the
tylus but do not usually touch. brown. Antennae are dark with distinct light
spots” in Latin. Pronotum three for Pentatomidae—but also Adult combination of white spots at the tip of the abdomen,
Defensive secretions smell sweet Hosts: Mostly arboreal, but reported bands. Nymphs usually have black detail the hemelytra, and the pronotum, plus the appearance
and fruity, similar to maraschino Pronotum Hosts: Very wide host range. Can be and red abdomens with black thorax
by the spine or “keel” on their
detail host range is extensive. In Oregon, abdomen, adjacent to the rostrum of white edges on the scutellum. Although they are a
cherry. Overwinters under tree a pest in apples in Washington and and heads, and are very active when
specimens have been found on when at rest. Both of the species nuisance pest, they are seed feeders and do not pose
bark. California. Often found feeding on disturbed.
hawthorn, red alder, black walnut pictured here are often found risks to plants or structures.
wine grapes, but not considered a
Hosts: Observed on alder, ash (Juglans nigra) black locust (Robinia Hosts: Very wide host range. In on red alder cones and Rubus
4th instar major pest of this crop in Oregon.
pseudoacacia) and mountain-ash spp., especially thimbleberry, R.
(Fraxinus spp.), Douglas-fir
(Sorbus spp.). Range: Common
Oregon, commonly found in urban
5th instar parviflorus. Nymphs of E. lateralis Family Scutelleridae
(Pseudotsuga menziesii), and 5th instar areas on English holly, catalpa,
cedar (Thuja plicata) in Corvallis, throughout Oregon. paulownia, himalayan blackberry, are especially gregarious. Although
Range: Across the United States. In 3rd instar some members of this family are Description: The scutellerids are
Oregon. Reported to be found Found in the western and hazelnut. In the Mid-Atlantic
Oregon, commonly found in Wasco considered pests, for example on hazelnuts in Turkey, they more round and tortoise-like
on Ponderosa pine (Pinus United States. states, H. halys is a significant
County, but occurs statewide. are not considered pests in Oregon. Adults exhibit maternal when compared to pentatomids.
ponderosa). Common across the northern United economic crop pest as well as Their scutellum is very large and
care of eggs and early instars.
States. an urban nuisance pest. H. halys extends to cover their entire
Range: Commonly found in the Eurygaster
Willamette Valley in Oregon, but Eggs
is expected to be a significant Family Rhopalidae abdomen. Common species
economic pest in Oregon and is Boisea rubrolineata, spp. Adult
have been recovered in eastern Boisea rubrolineata in Oregon are in the genus
1st instar already a nuisance pest in many Boxelder bug Adult Eurygaster and can be very
Oregon. Found in the western
United States to Nebraska. Euschistus variolarius Adult areas due to its habit of aggregating
Size: 6 – 10 mm
numerous in wild grasses where they feed on grass
on the sides of buildings and inside
One-spotted stink bug 4th instar stems. However, these insects are not considered pests
homes. Description: Western boxelder bugs in Oregon. E. integriceps is an serious economic pest
Size: 11 – 15 mm are native to Oregon and primarily of wheat and barley in Asia and North Africa, but this
Range: In Oregon, northern region of
Description: Upper body brown or grey, feed on the flowers and seeds species is not known to occur in the United States.
the state from Hood River to
mottled or spotted appearance, of maple (Acer spp.). They will
Eggs 3rd instar 4th instar Portland, along the Willamette
also occasionally feed on other
underside lightly tan or green. Can Valley south to Medford. Also
be distinguished from E. conspersus ornamental plants or fruit trees, but More information on Pentatomids:
found in coastal counties. In the are not known to cause damage.
Hatching by the appearance of a faint “V” United States, found in 38 states Stink Bugs of Economic Importance in America North
Boxelder bugs belong to the
or lighter area on the end of the scutellum. E. variolarius and established as pests in Oregon, of Mexico. J. E. McPherson and Robert McPherson, CRC
same insect order as stink bugs
is usually larger than E. conspersus, and lacks small dark Washington, and the Mid-Atlantic Nymphs (Hemiptera), but do not defend themselves with odorous Press, 2000.
marks that appear ventrally along the outer edge of each region. chemicals. In late summer, they often become a nuisance
abdominal segment which appear on E. conspersus. The Eggs pest due to their habit of aggregating on the sunny sides of Pentatomoidea information online.
males of the species have a distinctive spot on the genitalia. buildings and trees and have been mistaken for the brown Dr. David Rider, North Dakota State University.
marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys. Although they [Link]
Hosts: Host range is wide and is similar to that of
E. conspersus. are not considered plant or structural pests, boxelders
in high numbers can cause aesthetic issues due to large
Range: Commonly found in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. amounts of excrement. Aggregations can interrupt outdoor
Found throughout the United States. activity, but these events are relatively short-lived and
chemical management is not recommended.