IMPORTANT STRUCTURES IN WRITING

SESSION 1: INVERSION- ĐẢO NGỮ

STRUCTURE:
1. Hardly/ Rarely/ Seldom/ Never/ Only + auxiliary+ subject+ verb
He doesn’t do his homework
=> Does he not do his HW?
=> RARELY does he do HW?
=> DOESN’T he do his HW?
Rarely/ Hardly/ Seldom does he do his homework.

=> RARELY Does he not do his homework?

Rarely does he do his homework
Were they be hardworking, they would pass the exam with flying color
She cannot stay at home alone
Under no circumstances Can she not stay at home alone
They would pass the exam by studying hard
ONLY by studying hard Would they pass the exam.

2. In/ Under no circumstances: dù bất cứ trường hợp nào cũng k

3. Only in this way/ Only by: chỉ bằng cách
4. Clause (mang nghĩa phủ định)…, nor auxiliary + S+V
5. Tính từ có thể đứng đầu câu để nhấn mạnh (của câu so+adj+ that)
6. Not until+N/time/clause, auxiliary+ S+V
EXAMPLE:
1. Never have I ever talked in front of this big crowd
I have never talked in front of this big crowd
Hardly ever do I dream of doing a different job
Rarely have I found a book that is this interesting
Seldom do I allow myself to lose sight of what is important
Only by working hard can I hope to surpass everyone else
2. Under no circumstances do I believe him
3. Only in this way could I teach him a lesson
4. He had no money, nor did his dad
 5. So expensive was his son’s education that he had to sell his house to pay
for it
6. Not until he broke up with his girlfriend did he realize how much he loved
her
Not until children reach the age of 18, should they leave
By no means should fast food be banned,

PRACTICE 1:

Rewrite the following sentences using inversion.

1. I would never sing in front of a live audience again.

Never ___________________________________________________________.
2. She had not enjoyed herself so much since she went on vacation with her
family while in high school.
Not since ________________________________________________________.
3. They only realized the appetizers were still frozen when someone complained
at reception.
Only when _______________________________________________________.
4. I have never seen such an awesome rendition of the musical Cats before.
Never before _____________________________________________________.
5. I had been in the building for a few minutes when I noticed that the man was
staring at me.
Only after ________________________________________________________.
6. We will not be able to consider you for the swim team until you beat the time
trials.
Not until _________________________________________________________.
7. The students didn’t know that the teacher had been closely watching them
cheat.
Little ____________________________________________________________.
8. Nobody has lost so many games since 1992.
Not since ________________________________________________________.
9. He discovered that he had forgotten his homework when he pulled into the
school parking lot.
Only when _______________________________________________________.
[Link] can’t enter the building under any circumstances once the demolition
next door has begun.
Under no circumstances ____________________________________________.

IELTS WRITING TASK 2- DISCUSSION ESSAY

TYPES OF QUESTIONS
Example:
1. Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to
a successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after
school. Discuss both views
2. Some people say that history can teach us many important values and
lessons, but others think it is unnecessary to learn from the past. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion

INTRODUCTION
Discuss both views Discuss both views and give your opinion
(1) BACKGROUND (3) (1) BACKGROUND sentence - THEME:
sentence It is undeniable/ indisputable/ unarguable that…
It is undeniable/ THEME… has long been a topic/ matter of concern
indisputable/ unarguable
that…THEME… has long THESIS STATEMENT
been a topic/ matter of (2) Agree both VIEWS Agree one view
concern While I accept that… WHILE It is assumed/
(2) PARAPHRASE 2 VIEWS: VIEW 1…I would agree/ perceived/ argued thatVIEW (k
It is assumed/ perceived/ advocate with those dong y)..., Personally, I
believed [Link] 1..., who think that …VIEW advocate those who believe
whereas some others 2… that…VIEW (dong y)
believe that…VIEW 2.,
which will be further
discussed/ illuminated/
elucidated/ in the essay

BODY
Body paragraph 1: View 1
On the one hand, …… (
1. TOPIC SENTENCE: introduce the topic of the paragraph
2. MAIN IDEA 1: Reason 1
3. SUPPORTING IDEA 1: Explain/ giving example for main idea 1
4. MAIN IDEA 2: Reason 2
5. SUPPORTING IDEA 2: Explain/ giving example for main idea 2

Body paragraph 2: View 2

On the other hand,
1. TOPIC SENTENCE: introduce the topic of the paragraph : + I would
agree with those who accept that.......////// + I believe that it is more
immensely/ vastly beneficial to....…
2. MAIN IDEA 1: Reason 1
3. SUPPORTING IDEA 1: Explain/ giving example for main idea 1
4. MAIN IDEA 2: Reason 2
5. SUPPORTING IDEA 2: Explain/ giving example for main idea 2

Sentence Starters/Connectors for Discussion: ( nếu không có cần opinion )

 "Proponents of the internet argue that..."
 "Those who oppose the widespread use of the internet claim that..."
 "While the internet undeniably offers many advantages such as..."
 "On the other hand, critics highlight several downsides, including..."
 "In contrast to the potential benefits, some individuals believe that..."
 "It is widely debated whether the internet has done more harm than good, as..."
 "In my opinion, although the internet has introduced certain problems, it
remains..."

CONCLUSION
In conclusion/ In brief/ To summarize people have various opinions about
whether + TOPIC as aforementioned ( topic được đề cập phía trên ). From my
perspective, i think that ... should be… (Restate your opinion if required)

TOPIC: TECHNOLOGY

Some people Vocabulary for Discussing the Benefits of the

believe that the Internet:
widespread use of 2. Widespread access – to refer to the internet being
the internet has available to a large number of people. Sự tiếp cận ai
brought many cũng tiếp cận đc
problems. 1. Facilitate communication – enabling easier and
While others faster communication.hỗ trợ giao tiếp
believe that it is a 2. Global connectivity – linking people around the
real life saver. world.
Discuss both 3. Information dissemination – spreading information
views and give quickly. Sự lan tỏa lây lan thông tin xấu
your opinion. 4. Convenient access – easy access to resources and
services. Truy cập tiện lợi
5. Lifeline – metaphorically used to describe the internet
as something essential. Đường đời ( nghĩa bóng ) , cái
rất quan trọng trong cuộc sống
6. Educational resources – materials that assist
learning, easily accessible via the internet. Nguồn
thông tin giáo dục
7. Remote work opportunities – jobs that can be done
from anywhere, thanks to the internet.cơ hội làm việc
từ xa
8. Medical advancements – new health-related
innovations supported by online information and
telemedicine. Tiếp cận từ y tế
9. Knowledge economy – an economy where
information is critical for economic activity.
[Link] literacy – the skills needed to effectively use
digital technology. Sự hiểu biết hơn về kĩ thuật số
11.E-commerce boom – the rapid expansion of online
businesses and trade. Bùng nổ về nền kinh tế
Vocabulary for Discussing the Problems Caused by
the Internet:
[Link] overload – too much information,
making it hard to process. Sự quá tải thông tin
[Link] – criminal activities conducted online. Tội
phạm mạng
[Link] invasion – unauthorized access to personal
data. Sự xâm phạm quyền riêng tư
[Link] isolation – feeling disconnected from real-life
interactions. Sự tách biệt xã hội
[Link] to technology – over-reliance on devices
and the internet. Sự nghiện công nghệ
[Link] – the spread of false or misleading
 information. Thông tin sai lệch = Fake news
[Link] divide – the gap between those who have
access to the internet and those who do not. Phân chia
kĩ thuật số
[Link] harassment – bullying or aggressive behavior
over the internet. Quấy rối onl
[Link] attention span – reduced ability to focus
for long periods due to constant online distractions.
Khả năng tập trung kém
[Link] of traditional industries – the negative
impact on industries like retail and print media due to
online alternatives. Sự cản trở ngành công nghiệp
truyền thống
1. Main Ideas Supporting the View that the Internet
has Brought Many Problems:
1. Cybercrime and Security Threats
 The internet has increased the risk of online fraud,
hacking, identity theft, and cyber-attacks, which can
compromise personal and organizational data
security. Tội phạm mạng mối đe dọa an ninh
2. Misinformation and Fake News
 The rapid spread of unverified or false information,
such as fake news, can lead to confusion,
manipulation, and public distrust in reliable sources.
3. Social Isolation and Mental Health Issues
 Overuse of the internet, especially social media, has
been linked to social isolation, depression, anxiety,
and addiction, particularly among younger
generations.
4. Privacy Invasion and Data Exploitation
 Companies often collect and misuse personal data
without consent, leading to privacy concerns,
targeted advertising, and the commodification of
user information. Khai thác dữ liệu hoạc xâm lấn
 quyền riêng tư

2. Main Ideas Supporting the View that the Internet

is a Real Lifesaver:
5. Access to Information and Education
 The internet provides unparalleled access to
knowledge, learning resources, and online courses,
democratizing education and enabling people to
learn at their own pace.
6. Facilitation of Global Communication
 It allows instant communication across the globe,
fostering relationships, enabling collaboration, and
making business and personal connect hỗ trợ giao
tiếp toàn cầu

2. The range of - technological devices available = technological

technology advancements
available to - less well-off population= people in low-income
people is brackets = middle- and low-class people= the
increasing the poverty-stricken people= impoverished people #
gap between the wealthy = the rich=the affluent
the rich and - widened the gap between the rich and the poor=
the poor. - boasts innovative features
Others think it - is possibly equivalent to numerous people’s yearly
has an income
opposite effect. - surely unaffordable for the vast majority of the
Discuss both human population
views and give - enjoy a close semblance
your opinions. - prerogative of the wealthy

There is one major reason that explains why technological

advancements can be ascribed to the increase the gap
bewteen the wealthy and the underprevileged. In the past,
without technology, individuals working in certain fields
were offered/bestowed equal opportunities to make ends
meet. For example, in farming practices

1/ There are examples bearing witness to (PROVE) how

many items are specifically not created to serve people in
low-income brackets.

- there are many medicines and treatments which

could be costly, but the poverty-stricken people
cannot pay for such drugs
- the latest model of an iPhone

2/ the increasing level of automation may lead to a higher

unemployment rate.

- Driverless cars, for instance, are gradually replacing

the human in the driver area, particularly, taxi
drivers, truck drivers, and so on which means low-
income people may earn less money than the past
-

2/ there are always a range of items that have similar

functions and are affordable for people from other
economic classes.

- has an almost identical range of functions.

- the internet cannot be afforded by many people, but
the Wi-Fi which is available at railway stations, bus
stops and also airports is very much helpful to the
local public.
- more and more having modern technology would
 generate new kinds of jobs for all people regardless
of their financial backgrounds, which means people
from all financial platforms could have a better job
opportunity. Ex: Grab driver

3/ Some people - Developing countries= economically disadvantaged

think that parts of the world
introducing new - modern technologies
technology can - yield immediate results
improve people’s - long-lasting effect= long-term benefits
quality of life in - intervenes with
developing
countries.  The introduction of any kind of innovation comes
However, others with merits and demerits

believe that free

1/ the provision of new technology could surely enhance
education should
people’s quality of life in poor countries
be offered.
Discuss both + with the adoption of advanced farming techniques, crop
views and give yields would significantly increase.
your opinion?
+ harvest crops by hand+ suffer from droughts and pests
=> the adoption of more advanced technologies like
pesticides, effective irrigation systems and machinery=>
they were liberated and began to enjoy the abundance of
food supplies.

+ after a reduction in their workload due to the usage of

such newly developed equipment.

2/ offering education for citizens in economically

disadvantaged parts of the world would have long-term
benefits
 + Education is the stepping stone in every individual's life

+ result in a better educated and consequently more

productive workforce.

+ Higher productivity would in turn lead to economic

growth, which is accompanied by increased living
standards for everyone

Some people think that introducing new technology can improve people’s
quality of life in developing countries. However, others believe that free
education should be offered. Discuss both views and give your opinion?

Opinions are divided on whether