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Module 2 Sugar

The document outlines the wastewater treatment process for the sugar industry, detailing the sources and characteristics of sugar mill effluent, which includes high BOD, COD, and suspended solids. It describes a comprehensive treatment flow sheet that includes steps such as screening, grit removal, equalization, pH correction, anaerobic and aerobic treatments, and disinfection. The document emphasizes the benefits of anaerobic treatment for energy recovery and the importance of aerobic treatment for compliance with discharge standards.

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4 views3 pages

Module 2 Sugar

The document outlines the wastewater treatment process for the sugar industry, detailing the sources and characteristics of sugar mill effluent, which includes high BOD, COD, and suspended solids. It describes a comprehensive treatment flow sheet that includes steps such as screening, grit removal, equalization, pH correction, anaerobic and aerobic treatments, and disinfection. The document emphasizes the benefits of anaerobic treatment for energy recovery and the importance of aerobic treatment for compliance with discharge standards.

Uploaded by

ym1867640
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Sugar Industry – Wastewater Treatment

Flow Sheet
Characteristics of Sugar Mill Effluent
Sugar industry wastewater mainly comes from:

 Cane washing
 Mill house
 Boiler blowdown
 Condenser cooling water (mostly clean)

Typical features:

 Very high BOD & COD


 High suspended solids
 Low toxicity
 Easily biodegradable
 Usually acidic

Overall Wastewater Treatment Flow Sheet


Sugar Mill Effluent
↓
Screening
↓
Grit Chamber
↓
Equalization Tank
↓
pH Correction (Neutralization)
↓
Anaerobic Treatment (UASB / Anaerobic Lagoon)
↓
Aerobic Treatment (ASP / Aerated Lagoon)
↓
Secondary Clarifier
↓
Tertiary Treatment (If Required)
↓
Disinfection
↓
Treated Effluent (Irrigation / Discharge)

Step-by-Step Description
1. Screening

 Removes bagasse, leaves, and fibrous material


 Prevents clogging of pumps and channels

2. Grit Chamber
 Removes sand and grit from cane washing wastewater
 Protects downstream units from abrasion

3. Equalization Tank

 Balances flow and organic load


 Essential due to batch-wise mill operations
 Provided with mechanical mixing

4. pH Correction

 Effluent pH typically 4.5–6.0


 Lime or NaOH used to adjust pH to ~7

5. Anaerobic Treatment (Key Unit ⭐)

Used because sugar wastewater is highly biodegradable.

Common systems:

 UASB reactor
 Anaerobic lagoon

Benefits:

 Removes 70–85% COD


 Produces biogas (CH₄) for energy recovery
 Low sludge production

6. Aerobic Treatment

Polishing step to remove remaining BOD.

Options:

 Activated Sludge Process (ASP)


 Aerated lagoon
 Oxidation ditch

7. Secondary Clarifier

 Settles biological sludge


 Part sludge recycled, excess wasted

8. Tertiary Treatment (Optional)

Required if reuse standards are strict:

 Sand filtration
 Activated carbon filtration
9. Disinfection

 Chlorination / UV
 Ensures pathogen-free effluent for irrigation

Sludge Treatment Flow Sheet


Primary + Biological Sludge
↓
Sludge Drying Beds
↓
Manure / Compost

Sugar sludge is non-hazardous and often reused in agriculture.

Why Anaerobic + Aerobic? (Exam Gold ⭐)


 High organic load → anaerobic is cost-effective
 Energy recovery via biogas
 Aerobic stage ensures discharge compliance

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