IV.

Descriptive Statistics:

Statistics Pressure Stress Days Tarot Frequency Average

Level (1-10) (Midpoint) (Times/6 months) Spending (VND)

Mean (Trung 3.61 7.34 2.33 94,792

bình)

Median 3.0 5.50 2.00 75,000

(Trung vị)

Mode (Yếu 3.0 1.5 1.0 75,000

vị)

Standard 1.38 5,82 2,56 62,122

Deviation

Sample 1,90 33,87 6,57 3,859,154,929

Variance

Count (Cỡ 111 111 72 72

mẫu $n$)

Insights from Descriptive Statistics

 Overall, the data suggests that Gen Z is experiencing a moderate level of pressure, with
an average stress level of 3.61. What is more noticeable, however, is the number of days
they report feeling stressed each month, which is about 7.34 days on average. The
standard deviation of 5.82 for stress days is quite large, indicating that experiences vary a
lot among individuals. In other words, some Gen Z respondents rarely experience stress
during the month, while others appear to struggle for a much longer period, sometimes on
more than half of the month (over 15 days).
 In terms of Tarot consumption behavior, the frequency of Tarot readings does not appear
to be very high. The most common frequency is once every six months, while the average
is around two times within the same period. Spending on Tarot readings is also relatively

1
 moderate, with the mean at approximately 94,792 VND and the median at 75,000 VND.
This pattern supports the argument presented in our Conclusion that Gen Z may use Tarot
as a form of “emotional first aid.” In other words, it seems to function as a small coping
mechanism when they feel stressed or uncertain, but the relatively low frequency and
moderate spending suggest that it is generally kept within reasonable limits rather than
becoming excessive or obsessive.

Appendix IV: Formulas and Sample Calculations for Descriptive Statistics

1. Data Transformation (Midpoint Method)

Table 1.1: Stress Days Conversion

Stress Days Midpoint (mi)

0 - 3 days 1.5

4 - 7 days 5.5

8 - 11 days 9.5

12 - 15 days 13.5

More than 15 days 17.5

Table 1.2: Average Spending Conversion

Average Spending Midpoint (mi)

Under 50,000 VND 25,000

50,000 - 100,000 VND 75,000

101,000 - 150,000 VND 125,000

151,000 - 200,000 VND 175,000

2
Average Spending Midpoint (mi)

More than 200,000 VND 225,000

2. Sample Mean ( x́ )
Formula for ungrouped data:
n

∑ xi
x́= i=1
n
∑ xi
 Calculation Example 1 (Pressure Level, n=111): x́= =3.61
111
∑ xi
 Calculation Example 2 (Tarot Frequency, n=72): x́= =2.33
72

3. Median
Formula for Median Position:
n+ 1
Position =
2
111+1
 Calculation Example 1 (Pressure Level, n=111): Position = =56 . The 56th
2
value in the sorted dataset is 3.00.
72+ 1
 Calculation Example 2 (Tarot Frequency, n=72): Position = =36.5. The
2
median is the average of the 36th and 37th values, which is 2.00.

4. Mode
 The mode is the exact value ( x i) or midpoint (mi) that appears with the highest
frequency.
 Calculation Example 1 (Pressure Level): The most frequent response is 3. Mode
¿ 3.00.
 Calculation Example 2 (Tarot Frequency): The most frequent response is 1 time
per 6 months. Mode ¿ 1.00.

3
5. Sample Variance ( s2)
Formula for ungrouped data:
n

∑ ( x i− x́ )2
s2= i=1
n−1

∑ ( x i−3.65 ) 2
 Calculation Example 1 (Pressure Level, n=111): s2= =1.90
111−1
2
∑ ( x i−2.33 )
 Calculation Example 2 (Tarot Frequency, n=72): s =
2
=6.57
72−1

6. Sample Standard Deviation ( s)

Formula:

s= √ s
2

 Calculation Example 1 (Pressure Level): s= √ 1.90=1.38

 Calculation Example 2 (Tarot Frequency): s= √ 6.57=2.56

XI. Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing

Objective: To verify if there is a true statistical difference in the level of pressure or feeling lost
between the group that has experienced Tarot readings and the group that has never experienced
them.
Variables Used: Pressure Level (Scale 1-6) of two independent groups:
Group 1 (n1=72): Have experienced Tarot.

Group 2 (n2 =39): Have never experienced Tarot.

Hypothesis Testing Procedure (5 Steps):

Step 1: State the Hypotheses

– H 0 : μ1 ≤ μ2 (The mean pressure level of the Tarot group is less than or equal to the
non-Tarot group).

– H 1 : μ 1> μ 2 (The mean pressure level of the Tarot group is strictly greater than the
non-Tarot group).
Step 2: Specify the Significance Level
– Significance level α =0.05 (95% confidence level).
Step 3: Calculate the Test Statistic

4
 – Method: Two-Sample T-test assuming unequal variances (Welch’s t-test) was
conducted via Excel.

– Group 1 (Tarot) Descriptive Stats: Mean ( x́ 1) = 3.85, Variance ( s21) = 1.82

– Group 2 (Non-Tarot) Descriptive Stats: Mean ( x́ 2) = 3.18, Variance ( s22) = 1.96

– Formula for Degrees of Freedom (df):

( )
2 2 2
s1 s2
+
n1 n 2
df = ≈ 76

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
s1 s2
n1 n2
+
n1−1 n2−1

– Formula for Test Statistic (T-calc):

x́ 1−x́ 2 3.85−3.18
t= = =2.44

√ √1.82 1.96
2 2
s s
1 2 +
+ 72 39
n1 n 2

– Calculated Values:
T-calc = 2.44
P-value (One-tail) = 0.008
T-critical (One-tail) = 1.665
Step 4: Make a Decision
– Since the P-value (0.008) ¿ α (0.05) and the T-calc (2.44) > T-critical (1.665), we
reject the null hypothesis H 0 and accept the alternative hypothesis H 1.

Step 5: Conclusion & Insight

 Conclusion: At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient statistical evidence to

conclude that the mean pressure level of Gen Z individuals who have tried Tarot is
significantly higher than those who have not.
 Insight: This strongly implies that seeking Tarot readings is highly correlated with
elevated psychological stress. Gen Z does not simply approach Tarot for random
entertainment; rather, individuals experiencing higher levels of feeling lost or pressured
actively utilize Tarot as an emotional coping mechanism to seek guidance and relief.