02 Machine Learning Algorithms
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ardee santos02 Machine Learning Algorithms
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ardee santosMachine Learning Algorithms
Core Techniques Powering Modern AI
Overview
Machine Learning (ML) is the subset of AI that enables systems to automatically learn and
improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. ML algorithms build a model
based on training data to make predictions or decisions. The three major learning paradigms
are supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning.
Supervised Learning
In supervised learning, the model is trained on labeled data — input-output pairs — and
learns to map inputs to correct outputs.
• Linear Regression — predicts continuous values (e.g., house prices)
• Logistic Regression — binary classification (e.g., spam detection)
• Decision Trees — tree-based rules for classification and regression
• Support Vector Machines (SVM) — finds the optimal separating hyperplane
• Neural Networks — layered architectures inspired by the human brain
Unsupervised Learning
Unsupervised learning works with unlabeled data, finding hidden patterns or intrinsic
structures.
• K-Means Clustering — groups data into k clusters by similarity
• Hierarchical Clustering — builds a tree of nested clusters
• Principal Component Analysis (PCA) — dimensionality reduction technique
• Autoencoders — neural networks that compress and reconstruct data
Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning trains an agent to make decisions by rewarding desired behaviors
and penalizing undesired ones through interaction with an environment.
Notable applications include game-playing agents (AlphaGo, OpenAI Five), robotic control,
autonomous driving, and resource management in data centers.
Algorithm Comparison
Algorithm Type Best For Complexity