\
A set is list or collection of objects
that share a characteristics. The
objects in a set can be anything from
numbers, letters, and shapes to names,
places or paintings, but there is
usually something that they have in
common.
𝐀 = {𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐲, 𝐓𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲, 𝐖𝐞𝐝𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲, 𝐓𝐡𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲, 𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐲, 𝐒𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐝𝐚𝐲, 𝐒𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐲}
− 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘. 𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒚 ∈ 𝑨
𝐁 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝟏𝟎.
− 𝐵 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} 𝟏𝟏 ∉ 𝑩
𝑪 = {𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔, 𝟖, 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏𝟐, 𝟏𝟒, … }
− C is the set of all even positive integers greater than 0. 𝟎∉𝑪
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 6}
𝐺 = {10, 12, 14, … } 𝐺 = {𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 8}
𝑀 = {… , −4, −3, −2, −1, } 𝑀 = {𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 0}
The cardinality of a set is defined as the number
of elements in a mathematical set. It can be
finite or infinite.
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} 𝑛 𝐴 =5
A is set of all positive integers between 21 and 30.
A = {22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29}
B is set of all positive integers greater than 21.
B = {22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, … }
C is set of all negative integers greater than 21.
C=∅
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} 𝐶 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
𝐵 = {5, 2, 1, 3, 4} 𝐷 = {6, 11, 10, 3, 2}
𝐴=𝐵 𝐶↔𝐷
Two sets are said to be Two sets are said to be
equal if and only if equivalent if and only
their elements are if they have same number
exactly the same. of elements.
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} 𝐵 = {5, 2, 1, 3, 4} 𝐶 = {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧} 𝐷 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧}
𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 − A is subset of B 𝐶 ⊆ 𝐷− C is subset of D
𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 − B is subset of A
𝐸 = {1, 2, 3} 𝐹 = {5, 2, 1, 3, 4}
𝐸⊂𝐹 − E is a proper subset of F
but 𝐸 ≠ 𝐹
State whether the following is TRUE or FALSE
Given: 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐} 𝐵 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒, 𝑓, 𝑔} 𝐶 = {𝑒, 𝑎, 𝑐}
1. 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 TRUE 6. 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐶 FALSE
2. C ⊆ 𝐵 TRUE 7. C ⊂ 𝐵 TRUE
3. C ⊆ 𝐴 FALSE 8. C = 𝐴 FALSE
4. B ⊆ 𝐴 FALSE 9. C ↔ 𝐴 TRUE
5. A ⊂ 𝐵 TRUE 10. 𝑛 𝐵 = 7 TRUE
A universal set is a set which
contains all the elements or
objects of other sets, including
its own elements. It is usually
denoted by the symbol '𝜉'.
𝐴 = {3, 4, 5, 11} 𝐵 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} 𝐶 = {1, 6, 12}
𝜉 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,15}
𝐴⊂𝑈 − A is proper subset of U
𝐵⊂𝑈 − B is proper subset of U
𝐶⊂𝑈 − C is proper subset of U
The complement of set A is defined as a set that
contains the elements present in the universal
set but not in set A.
𝜉 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,15}
𝐴 = {3, 4, 5, 11} 𝐵 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} 𝐶 = {1, 6, 12}
A′ = {1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14,15}
B ′ = {11, 12,13, 14,15}
′
C = {2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14,15}
Given: 𝜉 = {𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 15}
𝐵 = {2, 3, 5, 7} 𝑌 = {1, 6, 7, 8} 𝑃 = {11, 12, 14, 10}
List the elements of the following sets.
1. B′ = {1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14}
2. Y′ = {2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14}
3. P′ = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13}
The union of two sets, A and B, is the set of all
elements that are members of A or members of B or
members of both.
𝐴 = {3, 4, 5, 11} 𝐵 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} 𝐶 = {1, 6, 12}
𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 10}
𝐴 ∪ 𝐶 = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12}
𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12}
The intersection of two sets, A or B, is the set
of all elements that are members of both A and B.
𝐴 = {3, 4, 5, 11} 𝐵 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} 𝐶 = {1, 6, 12}
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {3, 4,5}
𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 = {∅}
𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = {1, 6}
Given: 𝜉 = {𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 10}
𝐵 = {2, 3, 5, 7} 𝑌 = {1, 6, 7, 8} 𝑃 = {2, 4, 6, 8}
List the elements of the following sets.
1. B ∪ 𝑌 = {1,2,3,5,6,7,8} 4. B ∩ 𝑌′ = {2, 3, 5}
2. B ∪ 𝑃 = {2,3,4,5,6,7,8} 5. Y′ ∩ 𝑃′ = {3, 5, 9}
P ′ ∪ 𝐵 ∩ 𝑌 = {1, 7}
3. P′ ∪ 𝑌 = {1,3,5,6,7,8,9} 6.
In 1880, mathematician John Venn
began using overlapping circles to
illustrate connections between sets.
𝜉 𝐴 𝐵
9
Use the given Venn diagram to answer the following. −2 4 7
1. B = 3
{0,3,4,7} 8 −1 0
2. A = {-2,-1,0,4,5,9} −3 5
1
3. n(A) = 6
4. n(𝐵) = 4
5. n(𝜉) = 11
6. A⋃𝐵 = {-2,-1,0,3,4,5,7,9}
7. A⋂𝐵 = {0,4}
8. A ∪ 𝐵′ = {-3,-2,-1,0,1,4,5,8,9}
9. A′ ∩ 𝐵′ = {8,-3,1}
𝜉 𝐴
Use the given Venn diagram to answer the −4 5
following questions.
−1 0
1. A = {-4,-2,-1,0,5,10} −10
−2
2. B = {-3,-2,0,1,3,9,10} 9
7
-7 3
−3 1
3. C = {-3,-1,3,7,8,10} 8
−5 𝐶 𝐵
4. A ∩ 𝐵 = {-2,0,10}
5. A′ ∩ 𝐶 = {-3,3,7,8}
6. B′ ∩ 𝐴 = {-4,-1,5}
7. B′ ∩ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 = {-1}
8. (A ∪ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐶′ = {-4,-2,0,1,5,9}
𝐀 𝐁
𝟓 𝟔
Use the given Venn diagram to answer the following questions. 𝟐
− 𝟐 −𝟏
1. A ∪ 𝐵 = { 5, − 2, 2, 3, 48, − 8, 6, − 3, 6, −1, −5} 𝟒𝟖 𝟑 −𝟓
𝟔
2. B ∩ 𝐶 ∩ 𝐴 = { 3} − 𝟖 − 𝟑
3. C′ ∩ 𝐵′ = { 5, − 2, −7}
𝟕 𝟖
′ ′ {6, −1, −5}
4. A ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 𝟐𝟑
′
𝛏 𝐂 −𝟕
5. A ∪ 𝐶 ∩ 𝐵 = {6, −1, −5}
6. B′ ∩ 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶 = {− 2, 5, 3, 48, − 8, 6, − 3, 6,7, 8, 23}
7. B′ ∩ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 = { 48, − 8}
8. A ∪ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 ′ = {− 2, 5, 6, −1, −5, 2}
9. A′ ∪ 𝐵′ ∩ 𝐶 ′ = { 5, −2 2, 2, 6, −1, −7}
10. A′ ∩ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 ′ = {6, −1, −5, 6, − 3, 5, −2 2, 2, 6, −1, −7}
Shade the region that will represent the following
1. A⋃𝐵 =
2. A⋂𝐵 = 𝜉 𝐴 𝐵
3. A ∪ 𝐵′ =
4. A′ ∩ 𝐵′ =
5. A − B =
6. (A − 𝐵)′ ∩ 𝐵 =
7. (A − 𝐵)′ ∪ 𝐵 =
Shade the region that will represent the following
1. A ∪ 𝐵 =
2. B ∩ 𝐶 ∩ 𝐴 =
𝐴 𝐵
3. C′ ∩ 𝐵′ =
4. A′ ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶′ =
5. (A′ ∪ 𝐶) ∩ 𝐵 =
6. (B′ ∩ 𝐴) ∪ 𝐶 =
7. B′ ∩ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 = 𝜉 𝐶
8. (A ∪ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐶′ =
9. (A′ ∪ 𝐵′) ∩ 𝐶′ =
10. (A′ ∩ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐶′ =
Write the notation that each diagram shows.