STTN115
Hoofstuk 9 / Chapter 9
Hoe ons die waardes van die kwantiele en kry:
Aangesien die vertrouenskoëffisiënt is, beteken dit dat die twee sterte buite die interval se
oppervlaktes saam is. Die twee sterte is simmetries so dit impliseer dat elkeen ʼn oppervlakte van
beslaan. Die waarde in die figuur hierbo verteenwoordig die waarde in die geval van ʼn
-verdeling en die waarde in die geval van ʼn -verdeling. Onthou dat hierdie waardes
so gedefinieer is dat
, of
wat impliseer dat die oppervlakte regs van die waarde gelyk aan moet wees (oftewel die
oppervlakte links van – moet gelyk aan wees). Ons het egter net die linkskantige tabelle vir
positiewe getalle, so om die waarde te kry moet ons dus in die tabel by kyk. Dus geld die
volgende standaardgevalle:
Vir ʼn -vertrouensinterval kyk ons by waarvan die ooreenstemmende kwantiel
is.
Vir ʼn -vertrouensinterval kyk ons by waarvan die ooreenstemmende kwantiel
is.
Vir ʼn -vertrouensinterval kyk ons by waarvan die ooreenstemmende kwantiel
is.
How we get the values of the quantiles and :
Since the confidence coefficient is , the two tails outside the interval must have a joint area of .
The two tails are symmetric so it implies that each of them has an area of . The value in the figure
above represents the value in the case of an distribution and the value in the
case of a distribution. Recall that these values are defined such that
, or
which implies that the area to the right of the value must be equal to (or the area to the left of –
must be equal to ). But we only have the left-sided tables for positive numbers, so to find the value
we need to look in the table at . Thus the following standard cases hold:
For a confidence interval we look at for which the corresponding quantile is
For a confidence interval we look at for which the corresponding quantile is
For a confidence interval we look at for which the corresponding quantile is
Vraag 1 / Question 1
Interval
Vraag 2 / Question 2
Interval
Vraag 3 / Question 3
Interval
Vraag 4 / Question 4
Interval
Vraag 5 / Question 5
Interval
Vraag 6 / Question 6
a. is ʼn puntberamer vir , so / is a point estimator for , so
.
is ʼn puntberamer vir , so / is a point estimator for , so
.
b.
Interval
Vraag 7 / Question 7
Interval
Vraag 8 / Question 8
Interval
Vraag 9 / Question 9
Interval
Vraag 10 / Question 10
a. , so
Interval
b. , so
Interval
Vraag 11 / Question 11
Interval
Vraag 12 / Question 12
a. is ʼn puntberamer vir , so / is a point estimator for , so
b. is ʼn puntberamer vir , so / is a point estimator for , so
c.
Interval
Vraag 13 / Question 13
Interval
Vraag 14 / Question 14
a. Vals. Die vertrouensinterval sal die steekproefgemiddeld met waarskynlikheid 100% bevat,
aangesien die vertrouensinterval opgestel word deur te bereken; dit is,
plus/minus ʼn sekere hoeveelheid.
False. The confidence interval will contain the sample mean with probability 100%, since the
interval is constructed by calculating , i.e. plus/minus a certain quantity.
b. Vals. Die lengte van ʼn tipiese vertrouensinterval vir is
Om die lengte te verdubbel moet die steekproefgrootte deur 4 gedeel word:
False. The width of a typical confidence interval for is
To double the width, we need to divide the sample size by 4:
c. True
Vraag 15 / Question 15
a.
Interval
b.
Interval
Vraag 16 / Question 16
Interval
ʼn Proporsie/persentasie kan nie negatiewe waardes aanneem nie, so dit is meer realisties om ʼn 95%-
vertrouensinterval op te stel:
A proportion/percentage cannot adopt negative values, so it is more realistic to construct a 95%
confidence interval:
Interval
Vraag 17 / Question 17
pasiënte neem meer as minute, so pasiënte neem minder as minute.
patients take more than minutes, so patients take less than minutes.
Interval
Vraag 18 / Question 18
Interval
Vir / For :
Interval
Vir / For :
Interval
Vir / For :
Interval
Die vertrouenskoëffisiënt is 95%.
The confidence coefficient is 95%.