Science- Chapter-3
Electricity Circuits and Their Components
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1. Short Answer Questions (One Sentence Answers)
Very Important Questions ⭐
1. ⭐ What is an electric circuit?
Answer: An electric circuit is a closed path through which electric current flows.
2. ⭐ What is electric current?
Answer: The flow of electricity through a conductor is called electric current.
3. ⭐ What is the function of a switch in a circuit?
Answer: A switch is used to open or close an electric circuit.
4. ⭐ What are conductors?
Answer: Materials that allow electricity to pass through them are called conductors.
5. ⭐ What are insulators?
Answer: Materials that do not allow electricity to pass through them are called insulators.
6. What is a dry cell?
Answer: A dry cell is an electric cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
7. Name two sources of electricity.
Answer: Dry cells and solar cells are sources of electricity.
8. What is a filament?
Answer: The thin wire inside an incandescent lamp that glows is called a filament.
9. What is a fused lamp?
Answer: A lamp with a broken filament is called a fused lamp.
10. What is an LED lamp?
Answer: An LED lamp is a lamp that glows using a light-emitting diode.
11. Why does an LED glow only in one direction?
Answer: An LED glows only when connected with correct positive and negative terminals.
12. What is meant by a closed circuit?
Answer: A circuit in which electric current can flow is called a closed circuit.
13. What is an open circuit?
Answer: A circuit in which electric current cannot flow is called an open circuit.
14. What is AC?
Answer: AC or alternating current is the electricity supplied to homes from power stations.
15. What is DC?
Answer: DC or direct current is electricity supplied by electric cells or batteries.
16. Name one conductor of electricity.
Answer: Copper is a conductor of electricity.
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17. Name one insulator of electricity.
Answer: Rubber is an insulator of electricity.
18. Why are electric wires covered with plastic?
Answer: Electric wires are covered with plastic to prevent electric shock.
19. What is a battery?
Answer: A battery is a combination of two or more electric cells.
20. What energy conversion takes place in a solar cell?
Answer: Solar energy is converted into electrical energy.
2. Long Answer Questions (3–4 Sentence Answers)
Very Important Questions ⭐
1. ⭐ Explain how an electric circuit works.
Answer: An electric circuit works only when it is complete or closed. Electric current flows from the
positive terminal of the cell through wires and devices and returns to the negative terminal. If the
circuit is broken anywhere, the current stops flowing. A switch helps in opening or closing the
circuit.
2. ⭐ Differentiate between conductors and insulators.
Answer: Conductors allow electric current to pass through them, while insulators do not. Metals
like copper and aluminium are conductors. Materials like rubber, plastic, and wood are insulators.
Conductors are used for making wires, while insulators are used for safety coverings.
3. ⭐ Explain the working of an incandescent lamp.
Answer: An incandescent lamp contains a thin filament fixed inside a glass bulb. When electric
current passes through the filament, it becomes hot and glows. The filament produces both heat
and light energy. If the filament breaks, the lamp gets fused.
4. ⭐ Explain the difference between AC and DC.
Answer: AC stands for alternating current and is supplied to homes through power stations. DC
stands for direct current and is supplied by electric cells and batteries. AC is used for household
appliances, while DC is used in small devices like torches and toys. AC can be dangerous, while DC
from cells is safer.
5. ⭐ Describe the uses of solar cells.
Answer: Solar cells convert solar energy into electrical energy. They are used in calculators,
satellites, streetlights, and rooftops. Solar cells are useful in remote places where electricity is not
easily available. They help save conventional energy resources.
6. Why does a torch stop glowing when the switch is OFF?
Answer: When the switch is OFF, the circuit becomes open or broken. Electric current cannot flow
through the bulb. Therefore, the filament does not glow. The torch stops working.
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7. Why are metals used for making electric wires?
Answer: Metals are good conductors of electricity. They allow electric current to pass easily. Metals
like copper and aluminium are also strong and flexible. Hence, they are used for electric wires.
8. Explain how an LED lamp differs from an incandescent lamp.
Answer: An LED lamp does not have a filament, while an incandescent lamp has one. LED lamps
produce less heat and save energy. LEDs glow only in one direction of current flow. Incandescent
lamps glow in any direction of current flow.
9. What precautions should be taken while working with electricity?
Answer: We should never touch bare electric wires. Wet hands should be kept away from switches
and plugs. Damaged wires must be repaired immediately. Insulated tools should be used while
handling electricity.
10. Explain the importance of insulators in electrical appliances.
Answer: Insulators prevent electric current from passing through unwanted paths. They protect
people from electric shocks. Plastic and rubber are commonly used insulators. They are used as
coverings on electric wires and plugs.
3. Assertion and Reason Questions
1. ⭐
Assertion (A): A lamp glows only in a closed circuit.
Reason (R): Electric current flows only through a complete path.
Answer: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. ⭐
Assertion (A): Metals are used to make electric wires.
Reason (R): Metals are good conductors of electricity.
Answer: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
3.
Assertion (A): Plastic is used to cover electric wires.
Reason (R): Plastic is an insulator of electricity.
Answer: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
4.
Assertion (A): An LED glows only in one direction.
Reason (R): LED terminals have fixed positive and negative ends.
Answer: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
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5.
Assertion (A): A fused lamp does not glow.
Reason (R): The filament inside the lamp is broken.
Answer: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
4. HOTS Questions
1. Why is it dangerous to touch electric appliances with wet hands?
Answer: Water conducts electricity, so electric current may pass through the body and cause an
electric shock.
2. Why are solar cells preferred in satellites?
Answer: Solar cells provide continuous electricity from sunlight and do not require replacement like
batteries.
3. Why does an LED not glow when connected in reverse order?
Answer: Electric current cannot pass through an LED in the reverse direction.
4. Why should electric circuits always use insulated wires?
Answer: Insulated wires prevent electric shocks and short circuits.
5. Why can birds sit safely on electric wires?
Answer: Birds do not complete the electric circuit because they touch only one wire.
5. Answers to Exercise Questions
A. Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of these does not conduct electricity?
Answer: d. plastic jug
2. Which of the following is a conductor of electricity?
Answer: c. iron
3. Which of these will generate electric current in sunlight but not in darkness?
Answer: d. solar cell
4. Which appliance in your house is not run by electricity?
Answer: b. gas burner
5. Which of these does not conduct electricity?
Answer: c. lime juice
6. In an electric torch, electrical energy is converted into:
Answer: d. both light and heat energy
7. Which of these has positive and negative terminals?
Answer: d. both b and c
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8. In which circuit will the lamp not glow when the switch is ON?
Answer: b
9. Which of these is not a symbol of a circuit element?
Answer: d
10. What is used as a source of power in satellites?
Answer: b. solar cells
B. Fill in the Blanks
1. A switch is used to stop the flow of electric current in a circuit.
2. Metals are conductors of electricity.
3. An electric cell makes electric current flow from its positive terminal to its negative terminal.
4. In an LED lamp, the longer wire is the positive terminal.
5. In an electric cell, the end with the metal cap is the positive terminal.
6. An electric lamp with a broken filament is fused.
6. Short Answer Questions
1. How does an incandescent lamp work?
Answer: Electric current heats the filament inside the bulb, causing it to glow and produce light.
2. What precaution should be observed when connecting an LED lamp?
Answer: The positive and negative terminals must be connected correctly.
3. What is an electric circuit?
Answer: It is a complete path through which electric current flows.
4. When is an electric circuit called closed?
Answer: A circuit is closed when current can flow through it.
5. In which circuit can electric current not flow and why?
Answer: Electric current cannot flow in an open circuit because the path is broken.
7. Long Answer Questions
1. Where is electricity used at home produced? How is it supplied?
Answer: Electricity used at home is produced in power stations using flowing water, steam, or wind.
It is supplied through thick electric wires and transmission lines. The electricity reaches homes
through distribution systems. This electricity is AC or alternating current.
2. Differentiate between an incandescent lamp and an LED lamp.
Answer: An incandescent lamp has a filament that glows when heated, while an LED lamp works
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using a light-emitting diode. Incandescent lamps produce more heat and consume more energy. LED
lamps are energy efficient and produce less heat. LEDs glow only in one direction of current flow.
3. Draw and explain a simple electric circuit.
Answer: A simple electric circuit consists of a cell, wires, a switch, and a bulb connected in a loop.
When the switch is ON, the circuit becomes closed and current flows. The bulb glows because
electric current passes through it. If the switch is OFF, the bulb does not glow.
4. Differentiate between conductors and insulators with examples.
Answer: Conductors allow electricity to pass through them, while insulators do not. Copper and
aluminium are conductors. Plastic and rubber are insulators. Conductors are used in wires, while
insulators are used as coverings.
5. What are AC and DC?
Answer: AC or alternating current is produced in power stations and supplied to homes. DC or
direct current is supplied by electric cells and batteries. AC is used for household appliances, while
DC is used in small devices.
6. What is a solar cell? Give two uses.
Answer: A solar cell converts solar energy into electrical energy. It is used in satellites and
calculators. It is also used in solar panels on rooftops.
8. Extra Important Diagrams for Exams ⭐
Students should practice drawing:
1. ⭐ Simple electric circuit
2. ⭐ Circuit symbols
3. ⭐ Incandescent lamp
4. ⭐ LED lamp
5. ⭐ Open and closed circuit
6. ⭐ Electric torch diagram
7. ⭐ Battery of cells
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