EXPERIMENT 1

AIM: To write a Java program that prints “Hello <Your Name> – <Enrolment Number>” on
the screen.

THEORY:
Java is an object-oriented, platform-independent programming language.
A Java program starts execution from the main() method.
In this program:
• class defines the blueprint of the program.
• public static void main(String[] args) is the entry point of execution.
• [Link]() is used to display output on the screen.
This program demonstrates the basic structure of a Java program and how output is printed.

SOURCE CODE:

OUTPUT:
VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is Java?
A1: Java is a high-level, object-oriented, and platform-independent programming language.

Q2: What is the main() method?

A2: The main() method is the starting point of execution for any Java program.

Q3: Why is [Link]() used?

A3: It is used to print output on the console.

Q4. What does class keyword mean in Java?

A4: It is used to define a class, which is a blueprint for objects.

Q5: Is Java case-sensitive?

A5: Yes, Java is a case-sensitive language.
 EXPERIMENT 1

AIM: To write a Java program that takes user input for name, enrollment number, and age,
and displays the entered details on the screen.

THEORY:
Java provides the Scanner class (from [Link] package) to take input from the user during
program execution.
In this program:
• Scanner class is used to read input from the keyboard.
• nextLine() method is used to read string values such as name and enrollment number.
• nextInt() method is used to read integer values such as age.
• [Link]() is used to display the entered details on the screen.
• The main() method acts as the entry point of the program.
This program demonstrates how user input is taken and displayed using Java.

SOURCE CODE:
OUTPUT:

VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is Scanner class in Java?
A1: Scanner class is used to take input from the user.

Q2: Which package contains the Scanner class?

A2: [Link] package.

Q3: What is the use of nextLine() method?

A3: It is used to read string input including spaces.

Q4. What does nextInt() method do?

A4: It reads an integer value from the user.

Q5: Why is [Link]() used?

A5: It closes the Scanner object and frees system resources.
 EXPERIMENT 3

AIM: To write a Java program to print the designated Fibonacci series by taking the number
of terms from the user.

THEORY:
The Fibonacci series is a sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two
preceding numbers, starting from 0 and 1.
In this program:
• The user enters the number of terms of the Fibonacci series.
• Variables are used to store the first two terms.
• A for loop is used to generate the Fibonacci series.
• Scanner class is used to take input from the user.
• [Link]() is used to display the series on the screen.
This program demonstrates the use of loops and user input in Java.
SOURCE CODE:

OUTPUT:
VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is Fibonacci series?
A1: It is a series where each term is the sum of the previous two terms.

Q2: Which loop is used in this program?

A2: for loop is used.

Q3: What are the first two terms of Fibonacci series?

A3: 0 and 1.

Q4. Why is Scanner class used?

A4: To take input from the user.

Q5: What happens if the number of terms is 0?

A5: No output will be printed.
 EXPERIMENT 4

AIM: To write a Java program to check whether a given number is a prime number or not.

THEORY:
A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has exactly two distinct positive
divisors: 1 and itself.
In this program:
• The user enters a number using the Scanner class.
• Numbers less than or equal to 1 are automatically considered not prime.
• A loop checks divisibility of the number from 2 to √n, which is an optimized approach.
• If the number is divisible by any value in this range, it is not a prime number.
• A boolean flag variable is used to store the result.
• [Link]() is used to display whether the number is prime or not.
This program demonstrates the use of conditional statements, loops, and optimized logic in
Java.
SOURCE CODE:

OUTPUT:
VIVA VOICE:
Q1. Why did you use [Link](num) in the loop condition?
A1: Because a number cannot have a factor greater than its square root without having a
corresponding smaller factor. This reduces the number of iterations and improves efficiency.

Q2: Why do we check divisibility only till √n?

A2: Because if a number has a factor greater than √n, it must also have a corresponding
factor smaller than √n.

Q3: What will happen if we check divisibility till num - 1 instead?

A3: The result will be correct, but the program will take more time and be inefficient.

Q4. What is the time complexity of this prime number program?

A4: The time complexity is O(√n).

Q5: What is the role of break statement in the loop?

A5: It stops the loop immediately when a divisor is found, saving unnecessary comparisons.
 EXPERIMENT 5

AIM: To write a Java program to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit and
Fahrenheit to Celsius.

THEORY:
Temperature conversion is commonly required in scientific and daily-life applications.
Celsius and Fahrenheit are two widely used temperature scales.
The conversion formulas are:
• Celsius to Fahrenheit:
𝐹 = (𝐶 × 9/5) + 32
• Fahrenheit to Celsius:
𝐶 = (𝐹 − 32) × 5/9
In this program:
• A menu is displayed to the user for selecting the type of conversion.
• The Scanner class is used to take user input.
• Conditional statements (if–else) are used to perform the selected conversion.
• [Link]() is used to display the converted temperature.
This program demonstrates the use of conditional statements, arithmetic operations, and
user input in Java.
SOURCE CODE:

OUTPUT:
VIVA VOICE:
Q1. Which formulas are used for temperature conversion?
A1: C to F → (C × 9 / 5) + 32
F to C → (F − 32) × 5 / 9

Q2: Why is double used instead of int?

A2: Because temperature values can be fractional.

Q3: Why is a menu used in this program?

A3: To allow the user to choose between two types of temperature conversions.

Q4. Which conditional statement is used here?

A4: if–else if–else statement.

Q5: What happens if the user enters an invalid choice?

A5: The program prints “Invalid choice!”.
 EXPERIMENT 6

AIM: To write a Java program to create a simple calculator for two numbers using basic
arithmetic operators.

THEORY:
A calculator performs arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division.
In this program:
• Two numbers are taken as input from the user.
• A menu is displayed showing the available arithmetic operations.
• The user selects an operator (+, -, *, /).
• A switch statement is used to perform the selected operation.
• Division by zero is handled using a conditional check.
• The Scanner class is used to take user input.
• The result of the operation is displayed using [Link]().
This program demonstrates the use of switch-case statements, arithmetic operators, and
user input in Java.
SOURCE CODE:
OUTPUT:

VIVA VOICE:
Q1. Why is switch statement used instead of if-else?
A1: switch makes the code more readable and efficient when multiple choices are present.

Q2: Why is charAt(0) used?

A2: To extract the first character entered by the user as an operator.

Q3: How is division by zero handled?

A3: By checking if the second number is not zero before division.

Q4. Why is double used for numbers?

A4: To support decimal values in calculations.

Q5: What happens if the user enters an invalid operator?

A5: The default case executes and displays “Invalid operator!”.
 EXPERIMENT 7

AIM: To write a Java program to check whether a given year is a leap year or not.

THEORY:
A leap year contains 366 days instead of 365 days.
According to the Gregorian calendar, a year is a leap year if:
• It is divisible by 4
• But not divisible by 100
• Except if it is divisible by 400
That means:
• If a year is divisible by 400 → Leap Year
• If divisible by 4 but not by 100 → Leap Year
• Otherwise → Not a Leap Year
In this program:
• The user enters a year.
• Conditional statements are used to check leap year conditions.
• The result is displayed using [Link]().
This program demonstrates the use of conditional statements and logical operators in Java.
SOURCE CODE:

OUTPUT:
VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is a leap year?
A1: A leap year has 366 days and occurs every 4 years with specific conditions.

Q2: Why is year % 400 == 0 checked first?

A2: Because years divisible by 400 are always leap years, even if they are divisible by 100.
Checking it first avoids incorrect rejection of century leap years like 2000.

Q3: Why can’t we simply write if(year % 4 == 0)?

A3: Because some years divisible by 4 (like 1900) are not leap years. Century years must also
satisfy divisibility by 400.

Q4. What happens if the user enters a negative year?

A4: The program will still evaluate divisibility mathematically, but negative years are not
practically valid calendar years.

Q5: Can the entire logic be written in one single condition?

A5: Yes
if ((year % 400 == 0) || (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0))
 EXPERIMENT 8

AIM: To write a Java program to implement stack and queue concept.

THEORY:
Stack and Queue are linear data structures used to store and manage data.
• Stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) principle.
o Operations: push, pop, peek
• Queue follows FIFO (First In First Out) principle.
o Operations: enqueue, dequeue, peek
In this program:
• Java’s built-in Stack class is used for stack implementation.
• Queue interface with LinkedList is used for queue implementation.
• Elements are inserted and removed to demonstrate working.
This program demonstrates:
• Data structure concepts
• Use of Java Collection Framework
SOURCE CODE:

OUTPUT:
VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is a Stack?
A1: A stack is a linear data structure that follows LIFO (Last In First Out).

Q2: What is a Queue?

A2: A queue is a linear data structure that follows FIFO (First In First Out).

Q3: What is the difference between push and pop?

A3: push adds an element to stack, while pop removes the top element.

Q4. Which class is used to implement Queue in Java?

A4: LinkedList class is commonly used to implement Queue.

Q5: What does peek() do?

A5: It returns the top/front element without removing it.
 EXPERIMENT 9

AIM: To write a Java program to produce the tokens from a given long string.

THEORY:
Tokenization is the process of breaking a string into smaller parts called tokens.
In Java, tokens can be generated using:
• StringTokenizer class
• split() method
In this program:
• A long string is taken as input.
• The string is divided into tokens based on spaces or delimiters.
• Each token is printed separately.
This demonstrates:
• String handling in Java
• Use of built-in classes for parsing

SOURCE CODE:
OUTPUT:

VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is tokenization?
A1: It is the process of breaking a string into smaller parts called tokens.

Q2: Which class is used for tokenization in Java?

A2: StringTokenizer class.

Q3: Can we use split() instead of StringTokenizer?

A3: Yes, the split() method of String class can also be used.

Q4. What does hasMoreTokens() do?

A4: It checks if more tokens are available.

Q5: What does nextToken() return?

A5: It returns the next token from the string.
 EXPERIMENT 10

AIM: To write a Java package to demonstrate dynamic polymorphism and interfaces.

THEORY:
A Java package is a group of related classes and interfaces used to organize programs and
avoid naming conflicts. It makes large programs easier to manage and reuse.
Dynamic polymorphism (runtime polymorphism) is a feature where the method call is
resolved at runtime using method overriding. A superclass or interface reference can refer to
different subclass objects, and the method executed depends on the object created at
runtime.
An interface is a blueprint that contains abstract methods. Classes implement the interface
and provide definitions for its methods. This helps achieve abstraction and multiple
inheritance.
In this program, an interface defines a common method, and multiple classes implement it
differently. An interface reference is used to call methods of different classes, demonstrating
dynamic polymorphism.
SOURCE CODE:

OUTPUT:
VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is dynamic polymorphism?
A1: It is the ability to decide which method to call at runtime.

Q2: What is an interface in Java?

A2: An interface is a collection of abstract methods implemented by classes.

Q3: How is polymorphism achieved here?

A3: Using an interface reference pointing to different class objects.

Q4. Can we create an object of an interface?

A4: No, but we can create a reference variable of an interface.

Q5: What is method overriding?

A5: It is redefining a method in a class that implements an interface or extends a class.
 EXPERIMENT 11

AIM: Write a Java program to show multithreaded producer and consumer application.

THEORY:
Producer and Consumer is a classic example of multithreading in Java used to handle
synchronization between threads.
• Producer thread produces data and places it in a shared resource.
• Consumer thread consumes the data from the shared resource.
• Both threads must be synchronized to avoid conflicts.
In this program:
• A shared object is used between producer and consumer.
• Producer produces values and consumer consumes them.
• Synchronization is achieved using synchronized methods.
• wait() is used when a thread is waiting.
• notify() is used to wake up waiting threads.
This program demonstrates:
• Multithreading concept
• Inter-thread communication
• Synchronization using wait() and notify()
SOURCE CODE:
OUTPUT:

VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is multithreading?
A1: It is the execution of multiple threads simultaneously.

Q2: What is Producer-Consumer problem?

A2: It is a problem where one thread produces data and another consumes it.

Q3: What is synchronization?

A3: It is a mechanism to control access of shared resources by multiple threads.

Q4. What does wait() do?

A4: It makes a thread wait until another thread notifies it.

Q5: What does notify() do?

A5: It wakes up a waiting thread.
 EXPERIMENT 12

AIM: Create a customized exception and also make use of all the 5 exception keywords.

THEORY:
Exception handling in Java is used to handle runtime errors and maintain normal program
flow.
• A custom exception is created by extending the Exception class.
• Java provides five keywords for exception handling: try, catch, finally, throw, and throws.
• try block contains code that may cause exception.
• catch block handles the exception.
• finally block always executes.
• throw is used to explicitly throw an exception.
• throws is used to declare exceptions.
In this program:
• A custom exception is created.
• Exception is thrown using throw.
• Method declares exception using throws.
• try, catch, and finally blocks are used.
This program demonstrates:
• Custom exception creation
• Use of all exception handling keywords
• Exception handling mechanism in Java
SOURCE CODE:

OUTPUT:
VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is an exception?
A1: It is an event that disrupts normal program execution.

Q2: What is a custom exception?

A2: It is a user-defined exception created by extending Exception class.

Q3: Name the five exception keywords.

A3: try, catch, finally, throw, throws.

Q4. W What does throw do?

A4: It is used to explicitly throw an exception.

Q5: What does throws do?

A5: It declares exceptions that a method can throw.
 EXPERIMENT 13

AIM: Convert the content of a given file into the uppercase content of the same file.

THEORY:
File handling in Java allows us to read from and write to files. This experiment demonstrates
how to manipulate file data.
• Java provides classes like FileReader, BufferedReader, FileWriter, and BufferedWriter
for file operations.
• The file is read line by line using BufferedReader.
• Each line is converted into uppercase using the toUpperCase() method.
• The modified content is written back to the same file using BufferedWriter.
This program demonstrates:
• File reading and writing
• String manipulation
• Handling I/O exceptions

SOURCE CODE:
OUTPUT:

VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is file handling in Java?
A1: It is the process of reading from and writing to files.

Q2: What does toUpperCase() do?

A2: It converts all characters of a string to uppercase.

Q3: Which classes are used for file reading?

A3: FileReader and BufferedReader.

Q4. Which classes are used for file writing?

A4: FileWriter and BufferedWriter.

Q5: What exception is commonly used in file handling?

A5: IOException.
 EXPERIMENT 14

AIM: Write a program in java to sort the content of a given text file.

THEORY:
Sorting file content is a common file-handling operation in Java. This program reads data from
a text file, sorts it, and writes the sorted content back.
• File content is read using BufferedReader.
• Each line is stored in a collection like ArrayList.
• The list is sorted using [Link]().
• Sorted data is written back using BufferedWriter.
This program demonstrates:
• File reading and writing
• Use of ArrayList
• Sorting using [Link]()
• Handling exceptions
SOURCE CODE:
OUTPUT:

VIVA VOICE:
Q1. Which method is used for sorting in Java?
A1: [Link]().

Q2: Which data structure is used to store file content?

A2: ArrayList.

Q3: How is file reading done in this program?

A3: Using BufferedReader.

Q4. What type of sorting is performed here?

A4: Lexicographical (alphabetical) sorting

Q5: What exception is handled in this program?

A5: IOException.
 EXPERIMENT 15

AIM: Develop an analog clock using applet.

THEORY:
An applet is a Java program that runs inside a web browser or applet viewer. It is used to create
dynamic and interactive graphical applications.
• The analog clock is created using Java Applet and AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit).
• The paint() method is used to draw shapes like circles and lines.
• The clock consists of hour, minute, and second hands.
• The current system time is fetched using Date or Calendar class.
• Trigonometric functions (sin, cos) are used to calculate positions of clock hands.
This program demonstrates:
• Use of Applet
• Graphics in Java
• Real-time clock simulation
• Use of trigonometry in GUI
SOURCE CODE:
OUTPUT:

VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is an applet?
A1: A Java program that runs inside a browser or applet viewer.

Q2: Which method is used for drawing in applet?

A2: paint() method.

Q3: Which package is used for graphics?

A3: [Link].

Q4. How is time obtained in this program?

A4: Using Calendar class.

Q5: Why are trigonometric functions used?

A5: To calculate positions of clock hands.
 EXPERIMENT 16

AIM: Develop a scientific calculator using swings.

THEORY:
Java Swing is a GUI toolkit used to create window-based applications. It provides components
like buttons, text fields, and panels.
• A scientific calculator performs both basic and advanced mathematical operations.
• Swing components like JFrame, JTextField, and JButton are used.
• Event handling is done using ActionListener.
• Mathematical functions are implemented using the Math class (e.g., sin, cos, sqrt).
This program demonstrates:
• GUI development using Swing
• Event handling
• Mathematical operations
• Layout management
SOURCE CODE:
OUTPUT:

VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is Swing in Java?
A1: It is a GUI toolkit used to create window-based applications.

Q2: Which class is used to create a window?

A2: JFrame.

Q3: Which interface handles button events?

A3: ActionListener.

Q4. Which class provides mathematical functions?

A4: Math class.

Q5: What layout is used in this program?

A5: GridLayout and BorderLayout.
 EXPERIMENT 17

AIM: Create an editor like MS-word using swings.

THEORY:
Java Swing provides powerful GUI components to build applications like text editors.
• A text editor allows users to create, edit, save, and open text files.
• JTextArea is used for writing text.
• JMenuBar, JMenu, and JMenuItem are used to create menu options like File and Edit.
• File handling is done using FileReader and FileWriter.
• Event handling is managed using ActionListener.
This program demonstrates:
• GUI development using Swing
• Menu-driven applications
• File handling (Open, Save)
• Event handling
SOURCE CODE:
OUTPUT:

VIVA VOICE:
Q1. Which component is used for text editing?
A1: JTextArea.

Q2: Which class is used to create menu bar?

A2: JMenuBar.

Q3: How are files opened in this program?

A3: Using FileReader and BufferedReader.

Q4. Which component is used for file selection?

A4: JFileChooser.

Q5: What is the purpose of ActionListener?

A5: To handle user actions like button clicks.
 EXPERIMENT 18

AIM:Create a servlet that uses Cookies to store the number of times a user has visited your
servlet.

THEORY:
Servlets are Java programs that run on a web server and handle client requests.
• Cookies are small pieces of data stored on the client side.
• They are used to track user information like visit count.
• Cookie class is used to create and manage cookies.
• HttpServletRequest is used to read cookies.
• HttpServletResponse is used to send cookies to the client.
This program:
• Checks if a cookie exists
• If yes → increments visit count
• If no → creates a new cookie
• Displays number of visits
SOURCE CODE:
OUTPUT:

VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is a cookie?
A1: A small piece of data stored on the client side.

Q2: Which class is used to create cookies?

A2: Cookie class.

Q3: How do you read cookies in servlet?

A3: Using [Link]().

Q4. How do you send cookies to client?

A4: Using [Link]().

Q5: What is setMaxAge()?

A5: It sets the lifetime of a cookie.
 EXPERIMENT 19

AIM: Create a simple java bean having bound and constrained properties.

THEORY:
A Java Bean is a reusable software component that follows certain conventions such as
having a no-argument constructor, getter and setter methods, and implementing serializable
interfaces.
There are two special types of properties in Java Beans:
• Bound Property:
A property that notifies other objects when its value changes using
PropertyChangeListener.
• Constrained Property:
A property that allows other objects to validate or reject changes using
VetoableChangeListener.
In this program:
• A Java Bean class is created.
• It contains a property (e.g., "value").
• Property change support is added using PropertyChangeSupport.
• Vetoable change support is added using VetoableChangeSupport.
• Listeners are implemented to handle changes and validations.
This program demonstrates:
• Java Bean conventions
• Event handling
• Bound and constrained properties
• Listener interfaces
SOURCE CODE:

OUTPUT:
VIVA VOICE:
Q1. What is a Java Bean?
A1: It is a reusable software component that follows specific conventions.

Q2: What is a bound property?

A2: A property that notifies listeners when its value changes.

Q3: What is a constrained property?

A3: A property that allows listeners to veto changes.

Q4. What is PropertyChangeSupport?

A4: It is used to manage property change listeners.

Q5: What is VetoableChangeSupport?

A5: It is used to manage vetoable change listeners.