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HTML Basics Notes

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for creating web content, developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991, with HTML5 as the current version. An HTML document has a standard structure including a DOCTYPE declaration, a head section for metadata, and a body section for visible content, utilizing various tags for different elements. Common tags include headings, paragraphs, hyperlinks, images, and lists, with an emphasis on semantic HTML5 tags for better structure and accessibility.

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4 views2 pages

HTML Basics Notes

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for creating web content, developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991, with HTML5 as the current version. An HTML document has a standard structure including a DOCTYPE declaration, a head section for metadata, and a body section for visible content, utilizing various tags for different elements. Common tags include headings, paragraphs, hyperlinks, images, and lists, with an emphasis on semantic HTML5 tags for better structure and accessibility.

Uploaded by

astastaia15
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

HTML Basics Notes

Introduction to HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language used to create and structure
content on the web. It was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991 and has evolved through
several versions, with HTML5 being the current standard. HTML uses a system of elements
represented by tags to define the structure and meaning of web content.

HTML is not a programming language; it is a markup language. It describes the structure of a


webpage using a series of elements that tell the browser how to display content. HTML works
alongside CSS (for styling) and JavaScript (for behaviour) to create complete web
experiences. Every website you visit is built on an HTML foundation.

Version Year

HTML 1.0 1991

HTML 4.01 1999

XHTML 1.0 2000

HTML5 2014 (ongoing)

Basic Structure
Every HTML document follows a standard structure. The DOCTYPE html declaration tells the
browser this is an HTML5 document. The html element is the root element that wraps all
content. Inside it, the head section contains meta-information such as the page title, character
encoding, linked stylesheets, and scripts. The body section holds all visible content.

The meta charset='UTF-8' tag ensures proper encoding of special characters. The title tag
sets the text shown in the browser tab and is important for search engine optimisation (SEO).
The link tag inside head is used to attach external CSS files. Proper document structure
ensures cross-browser compatibility and accessibility.

Tag Purpose

DOCTYPE Document type declaration

html Root element

head Metadata container


body Visible page content

Common Tags
Heading tags h1 through h6 define titles and subtitles, with h1 being the most important. The
p tag creates paragraphs of text. Hyperlinks are created with the a href tag. Images are
embedded with the self-closing img src tag; the alt attribute is essential for accessibility and
SEO.

Lists come in two forms: unordered lists (ul) use bullet points, while ordered lists (ol) use
numbers. Both use li tags for individual list items. The div tag is a generic block-level container
useful for grouping elements, while span is its inline equivalent. Semantic HTML5 tags like
header, main, article, section, and footer provide meaningful structure.

Tag Purpose

h1 to h6 Headings

p Paragraph

a Hyperlink

img Image

ul / ol Lists

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