HEALTH EDUCATION
ON
PRACTICE INFECTION CONTROL MEASURE
SUBMITTED TO SUNMITTED BY
MS. JAYA GANDHI
[Link] (N) 2ND YEAR
[Link] OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/LEARNING METHODS EVALUATION
ACTIVITY
1. To introduce 1 min INTRODUCTION
the topic
Standard Precautions are the minimum
infection prevention practices that apply to all
patient care, regardless of suspected or LISTENING FLASH
confirmed infection status of the patient, in CARD
any setting where health care is delivered.
These practices are designed to both protect
DHCP and prevent DHCP from spreading
infections among patients.
2. To describe 15 Hand Hygiene
infection mins
control Hand hygiene is the most important measure
measures to prevent the spread of infections among
patients and DHCP. Education and training LISTENING FLASH
programs should thoroughly address CARD
indications and techniques for hand hygiene
practices before performing routine and oral
surgical procedures.
1. Perform hand hygiene—
a) When hands are visibly soiled.
b) After barehanded touching of
instruments, equipment, materials, and
other objects likely to be contaminated
by blood, saliva, or respiratory
secretions.
c) Before and after treating each patient.
d) Before putting on gloves and again
immediately after removing gloves.
2. Use soap and water when hands are
visibly soiled (e.g., blood, body fluids);
otherwise, an alcohol-based hand rub may
be used.
[Link] OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/LEARNING METHODS EVALUATION
ACTIVITY
Personal Protective Equipment
Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to
wearable equipment that is designed to protect
DHCP from exposure to or contact with
infectious agents. PPE that is appropriate for
various types of patient interactions and
effectively covers personal clothing and skin
likely to be soiled with blood, saliva, or other
potentially infectious materials (OPIM)
should be available.
These include gloves, face masks, protective
eye wear, face shields, and protective clothing
(e.g., reusable or disposable gown, jacket,
laboratory coat). Examples of appropriate use
of PPE for adherence to Standard Precautions
include—
Use of gloves in situations involving
possible contact with blood or body fluids,
mucous membranes, non-intact skin (e.g.,
exposed skin that is chapped, abraded, or
with dermatitis) or OPIM.
Use of protective clothing to protect skin
and clothing during procedures or
activities where contact with blood or
body fluids is anticipated.
Use of mouth, nose, and eye protection
during procedures that are likely to
generate splashes or sprays of blood or
other body fluids.
[Link] OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/LEARNING METHODS EVALUATION
ACTIVITY
CONTACT PRECAUTIONS
In addition to Standard Precautions, Contact
Precautions should be used for the care of
patients known or suspected to have illnesses
that could be spread by usual contact with an
infected person, or by the contaminated
environmental surfaces or patient care items
in the room. Example of diseases/organisms
requiring Contact Precautions include: Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): See
“SARS Infection Control” section
Parainfluenza virus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Varicella (chickenpox): Also requires
Airborne Infection Isolation
Herpes Zoster (disseminated or in the
immunocompromised host):
Also requires
Airborne Infection Isolation Gown.
Wear a gown when entering the room.
Remove the gown before leaving the patient’s
environment. After gown removal, ensure that
clothing does not contact potentially
contaminated environmental surfaces. Wash
hands. Patient transport. Limit the movement
of the patient from the room to essential
purposes only. During transport, ensure that
all precautions are maintained.
[Link] OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/LEARNING METHODS EVALUATION
ACTIVITY
DROPLET PRECAUTIONS
In addition to Standard Precautions, use
Droplet Precautions for a patient known or
suspected to be infected with microorganisms
transmitted by droplets (large-particle, wet
droplets [larger than 5µm in size]) that can be
generated by the patient during coughing,
sneezing, talking, or the performance of
procedures. Examples of diseases/organisms
requiring Droplet Precautions include:
Invasive Hemophilus influenzae disease:
meningitis, pneumonia (in infants and
small
children), epiglottitis Invasive Neisseria
meningitidis disease: meningitis, pneumonia,
and bacteremia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Group A streptococcal pneumonia,
pharnygitis, or scarlet fever in infants and
young
children Influenza
Adenovirus: Also requires Contact
Precautions
Parvovirus B19
Rubella
[Link] OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/LEARNING METHODS EVALUATION
ACTIVITY
AIRBORNE INFECTION
Isolation In addition to Standard Precautions,
Airborne Infection Isolation measures are
designed to reduce the risk of transmission of
infectious agents that may be suspended in the
air in either small particle aerosols or dust
particles. Patients requiring Airborne
Infection Isolation must be given a private
room with special air handling and ventilation
(negative pressure). Respiratory protection for
healthcare workers is necessary when entering
the patient’s room. Examples of
diseases/organisms requiring Airborne
Infection Isolation include:
SARS: See “SARS Infection Control”
section Tuberculosis (pulmonary or
laryngeal, suspected or confirmed)
Varicella: Also requires Contact
Precautions
Herpes Zoster (shingles) in an
immunocompromised patient: Also requires
Contact
Precautions Measles (rubeola)
Airborne Infection Isolation includes: Patient
placement. Airborne Infection Isolation
requires a negative pressure room in addition
to a private room. Keep the room door closed
and the patient in the room. When a private
[Link] OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/LEARNING METHODS EVALUATION
ACTIVITY
room is not available, place the patient in a
room with a patient who has active infection
with the same microorganism, but with no
other infection (cohorting).
Respiratory protection. Respiratory
protection must be worn when entering the
room of a patient in Airborne Infection
Isolation. A NIOSH-certified, fit-tested
disposable N-95 respirator mask is
recommended for all persons entering the
room, including visitors. The use of higher-
level respirators may be considered for certain
procedures. If a particulate respirator with
filter efficiency of 95% or greater is not
available, a surgical mask should be worn.
The mask should fit tightly around the nose
and mouth to protect against large droplet
transmission.
RESPIRATORYHYGIENE/
COUGH ETIQUETTE
“Respiratory hygiene” is a term that has been
adopted by the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) and the Iowa
Department of Public Health (IDPH) to
describe measures that can be taken to
decrease the risk of spreading respiratory
pathogens. A universal “respiratory
hygiene/cough etiquette” strategy for a
healthcare facility should include the
following:
Place signs at the entrances of all
outpatient facilities requesting that
patients and visitors inform healthcare
personnel
[Link] OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/LEARNING METHODS EVALUATION
ACTIVITY
If a patient cannot wear a mask, provide
tissues and instructions on when to use
them (i.e., when coughing, sneezing or
controlling nasal secretions), how and
where to dispose of them, and the
importance of hand hygiene after handling
this material (cough etiquette).
Provide hand hygiene materials in waiting
room areas and encourage patients with
respiratory symptoms to wash their hands.
If possible, designate an area in waiting
rooms where patients with respiratory
symptoms can be segregated (ideally by
more than three feet) from other patients
without respiratory symptoms. Place
patients with respiratory symptoms in a
private room or cubicle as soon as
possible for further evaluation.
Healthcare workers evaluating patients
with respiratory symptoms should wear a
surgical or procedure mask.
Consider the installation of Plexiglas
barriers at the point of triage or
registration to protect healthcare workers.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] [Link]
[2] [Link]
[3] [Link]
[4] [Link]
precautions-sicpsall-pathways