KNOWLEDGE CHEMISTRY CLASSES

Unit- Solutions
Multiple Choice Questions
1- A compound CaCl2 ·6H20 undergoes complete dissociation in water. The van’t Hoff factor is -

(a) 9 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 4 CBSE 2023

2- A compound undergoes complete dimerization in a given organic solvent. The van’t Hoff factor ‘i‘ is

(a) 2.0 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.25 (d) 1.0 CBSE 2023

3- A compound undergoes complete tetramerization in a given organic solvent. The vant’t Hoff factor ‘i` Is- CBSE
2023

(a) 4.0 (b) 0.25 (c) 0.125 (d) 2.0

4- Which of the following aqueous solution will have highest boiling point ? CBSE 2023

(a) 1.0 M KCI (b) 1.0 M K2SO4 (c) 2.0 M KCI (d) 2.0 M K2SO4

5- Out of the following 1.0 M aqueous solution, which one will show largest freezing point depression ?

(a)NaCl (b) Na2SO4 (c) C6H12O6 (d) Al2(SO4)3 CBSE 2023

6- If molality of a dilute solution is doubled, the value of the molal elevation constant (Kb) will be (a) halved
(b) doubled (c) tripled (d) unchanged CBSE 2023

7- How much ethyl alcohol must be added to 1 litre of water so that the solution will freeze at – 14°C? (Kf for water
= 1.86°C/mol) CBSE SQP 2023

(a) 7.5 mol (b) 8.5 mol (c) 9.5 mol (d) 10.5 mol

8- In which of the following cases blood cells will shrink? CBSE SQP 2021-22 (Term-I)

(a) When placed in water containing more than 0.9% (mass/volume) NaCl solution.

(b) When placed in water containing less than 0.9% (mass /volume) NaCl solution.

(c) When placed in water containing 0.9% (mass/volume) NaCl solution.

(d) When placed in distilled water.

9- Water retention or puffiness due to high salt intake occurs due to CBSE SQP 2021-22 (Term-I)

(a) diffusion (b) vapour pressure difference (c) osmosis (d) reverse osmosis

10. The freezing point of a 0.2 molal solution of a non-clectrolyte in water is (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg

Mol) CBSE 2021-22 (Term-I)

(a) -0.372°C (b) -1.86°C (c) + 0.372°C (d) + 1.86°C

11. The osmotic pressure of a solution increases, if CBSE 2021-22 (Term-I)

(a) the volume of the solution is increased (b) the number of solute molecules is increased
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(c) temperature is decreased (d) solution constant ® is increased

Assertion-Reason

Directions (Q. Nos. 12-16) In the following questions an Assertion (A) is followed by a corresponding Reason (R ) .
Use the following keys to choose the appropriate answer.

(a) Both (A) and (R ) are correct and (R ) is the correct Explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R ) are correct but (R ) is not the correct explanation of (A),

(c ) (A) is correct and (R ) is incorrect. (d) (A) is incorrect and (R ) is correct.

12. Assertion (A) When glucose is added to water, an elevation in boiling point is observed. CBSE 2023 Reason (R )
The lowering of vapour pressure causes elevation in the boiling point.

13. Assertion (A) When NaCl is added to water, a depression in freezing point is observed. CBSE 2023 Reason (R )
The lowering of yapour pressure of a solution causes depression in the freezing point.

14. Assertion (A) Osmotic pressure is a colligative property. CBSE 2023

Reason (R ) Osmotic pressure is proportional to molality.

15. Assertion (A) Cryoscopic constant depends on nature of solvent. CBSE SQP 2021-22 (Term-I)

Reason (R ) Cryoscopic constant is a universal [Link] placed in water containing 0.9% (mass/volume)

16. Assertion (A) Molarity of a solution changes with temperature.

Reason (R ) Molarity is a colligative property. SQP 2021-22 (Term-1)

Very Short Questions

18. Define the term osmotic pressurc. All India 2013; Delhi 2010c

19. What is meant by reverse osmosis? All India 2013, 2011

20. Explain boiling point elevation constant for a solvent Or ebullioscopic constant. All India 2012; Foreign 2012

2 Marks Questions
21. A 5% solution of Na2SO4 10H20 (molecular weight =322) is isotonic with 2% solution of non-electrolytic, non-
volatile substance X. Find out the molecular weight of X. CBSE SQP 2024

22. A glucose solution which boils at 101.04°C at 1 atm. What will be of relative lowering of vapour pressure an
aqueous solution of urea which is equimolal to given glucose solution? CBSE SQP 2021 (Given: Kb for water is 0.52
Kkg /mol)

23. What happens when,

(I) a pressure greater than osmotic pressure is applied on the solution side separated from solvent by a
semipermeable membrane? (ii) acetone is added to pure ethanol ? All India 2020 24.

24- Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 8.1 g of HBr in 100 g of water, assuming the acid to be 90%
ionised. [Given: Molar mass of Br=80 g/mol, Kf for water = 1.86K kg/mol] CBSE SQP 2019 25. Which of the following
solutions has higher freezing Point? CBSE SQP 2018

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(a) 0.05 M Al2(SO4)3, (b) 0.1 M K4[Fe(CN)6] Justify.

26. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 60 g of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol) in 250 g of water.
(Kf of water = 1.86 K kg /mol ) Delhi 2018

27. Give reasons for the following. (i) Measurement of osmotic pressure method is preferred for the determination
of molar masses of macromolecules such as proteins and polymers .

(ii) Elevation of boiling point of 1.0 M KCl solution is nearly double than that of I.0 M sugar solution. Delhi 2018

28. Define the following terms. (i) Colligative properties (i) Molality (m) Delhi 2017

29. Define the following terms. (i) Abnormal molar mass (ii) van’t Hoff factor Delhi 2017

30. Define osmotic pressure of a solution. How is the osmotic pressure related to the concentration of a Solute in a
solution? Delhi 2015C

31. (i) On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution decreases. What type of Deviation from
Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature would you observe after mixing liquids
X and Y? (ii) What happens when we place the blood cell in water (hypertonic solution)? Give reason.
All India 2015

32. Why does a solution containing non-volatile solute have higher boiling point than the pure solvent? Why is
elevation of boiling point a colligative property? All India 2015

33. Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass =256 g /mol) to be dissolved in 75 g of benzene to lower its
freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf =5.12 Kkg /mol). All india 2014

34. How is the vapour pressure of a solvent affected when a non-volatile solute is dissolved in it? Delhi 2014C

35. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride freezes below 273 K. Explain the lowering in freezing point of water with
the help of a suitable diagram. Delhi 2013C

36. 18 g glucose, C6H1206 (molar mass = 180 g/mol) is Dissolved in 1 kg of water in a sauce pan. At what temperature,
will this solution boil? (Kb for water = 0.52 K kg /mol, boiling point of pure water =373.15 K). Delhi 2013 of
macromolecules such as proteins and

37. A 1.00 molal aqueous solution of trichloroacetic acid (CCl3COOH) is heated to its boiling point. The solution has
the boiling point 100.18°C. Determine the van’t Hoff factor for trichloroacetic acid. . (Kb of water = 1.86 K kg /mol )

38. Define the following terms. (i) Isotonic solutions (ii) van’t Hoff factor Delhi 2012; All India 2012

39. Define the terms . Osmosis and osmotic pressure. Is the osmotic pressure of a solution a colligative property?
Explain. Delhi 2011

40. What is van’t Hoff factor? What possible values can it have if the solute molecules undergoes Dissociation?
Delhi 2011C

41. The molecular masses of polymers are determined by osmotic pressure method and not by measuring other
colligative properties. Give two reasons. All India 2011C

42. Define the terms osmosis and osmotic pressure. What is the advantage of using osmotic pressure as compared to
other colligative properties for the determination of molar masses of solutes in solutions? All India 2010

43. Find the boiling point of a solution containing 0.520g of glucose (C6H12O6) dissolved in 80.2 g of water. [Given : Kb
for water = 0.52 K/m]. All India 2010C

44. Find the freezing point of a solution containing 0.520 g glucose (C6H12O6) dissolved in 80.2 g of water. [Given : Kf
for water= 1.86 K/m] All India 2010C
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 45. Outer hard shells of two eggs are removed. One of the egg is placed in pure water and the other is placed in
saturated solution of sodium chloride. What will be observed and why? All India 2010C

3 Marks Questions
46. When 19.5 g of F –CH3COOH (molar mass 78 g/mol) is dissolved in 500 g of water, the depression in freezing
point is observed to be 1°C. Calculate the degree of dissociation of F-CH3COOH. (Given : Kf for water 1.86 K Kg/ mol)
CBSE 2023

47. If benzoic acid (M =122 g/ mol) is associated into a dimer when dissolved in benzene and the osmotic pressure of
a solution of 6.1 g of benzoic acid in 100 mL benzene is 6.5 atm at 27°C, then what is the percentage association of
benzoic acid? (Given :R =0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1) CBSE 2023

48. 0.3 mL of acetic acid (M = 60 g/mol) dissolved in 30 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to
0.45°C. Calculate the percentage association of acid if it forms a dimer in the solution. (Given : Kf for benzene = 5.12
K kg /mol) CBSE 2023

49. The freezing point of benzene decreases by 2. 12 K when 2.5g of benzoic acid C6H5COOH is dissolved in 25 g of
benzene. If benzoic acid forms a dimer in benzene, calculate the van’t Hoff factor and the percentage association of
benzoic acid. (Given :Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg/ mol) CBSE SQP 2021

50. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 0.5 g KCI (Molar mass = 74.5 g/mol) dissolved in 100 g
water, assuming KCl to be 92% ionised. (Given :Kf of water = 1.86 K kg/mol) CBSE SQP 2020

51. A 0.01 m aqueous solution of AlCl3 freezes at -0.068°C. Calculate the percentage of dissociation. (Given : Kf for
water =1.86 K kg/ mol) Delhi 2020

52. The freezing point of a solution containing 5.0 g of benzoic acid (M =122 g/mol) in 35g of benzene is depressed
by 2.94 K. What is the percentage of Association? (Given: Kf for benzene = 49 Kkg /mol ) All india 2020

[Link] reasons for the following. CBSE SQP 2019

(i ) When 2g of benzoic acid is dissolved in 25 g of benzene, the experimentally determined molar mass is always
greater than the true value.

(ii) Mixture of ethanol and acetone shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law.

(ii) The preservation of fruits by adding concentrated sugar solution protects then against bacterial action.

54. At 300 K, 30 g of glucose present in a liter of its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. If the osmotic
pressure of a glucose solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, what would be its concentration? All India
2019

55. A 4% solution (w/W) of sucrose (M =342 g/ mol) in Water has a freezing point of 271. I5 K. Calculate the freezing
point of 5% glucose (M =180 g/ mol) In water. (Given : Freezing point of pure water -273.15K) Delhi 2019

56. Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution Containing 10.5 g of magnesium bromide in 200 g of water.
Assuming complete dissociation of magnesium bromide. (Molar mass of magnesium bromide = 184 g/mol. Kf for
water = 1.86 K kg /mol) CBSE 2018 C

57. A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has freezing point of 269.15 K. Calculate the freezing point of 10%
glucose in water, if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K. (Given : Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g/ mol and molar
mass of glucose = 180 g /mol) Delhi 2017

58. Calculate the boiling point of solution when 4.0 g of MgSO4 (M =120g mol-1) dissolved in 100 g of water assuming
MgSO4 undergoes complete ionization.

(Kf for water = 0.52K kg /mol) All India 2016

Or What mass of NaCl must be dissolved in 65.0 g of water to lower the freezing point of water by 7.50°C? The
freezing point depression constant (K) for water Is 1.86°C/m. Assume van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.87. (Molar mass
of NaCl = 58.5 g /mol). All India 2011, 2010; Foreign 2010

60. 45 g of ethylene glycol (C2H602 ) is mixed with 600 g of water. Calculate

(i) the freezing point depression and (ii) the freezing point of the solution.

(Given, Kf of water = 1.86 K kg /mol) Delhi 2015C

61. A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar (molecular weight =342 g/ mol) is isotonic with 0.877% solution of
substance X. Find the molecular weight of X. All India 2015C

62. 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point of 1.62 K. Calculate the
van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute (associated or dissociated). (Given : Molar mass of benzoic acid=
122 g/ mol, Kf for benzene = 4.9 K kg/ mol) Delhi 2015

63. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non-volatile solute in 200 g of water. It has a vapour pressure of
31.84 mm of Hg at 308 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Vapour pressure of pure water at 308 K is 32 mim
Hg) All India 2015

64. Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared by adding 10 g ofCaCl2 to 200 g of water. (Kb for
water =0.512 K kg/ mol, molar mass of CaCl2 =111 g/ mol). Foreign 2014

65. Some ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is added to your car’s cooling system along with 5 kg of water. If the
freezing point of water-glycol solution is -150°C, what is the boiling point of the solution? (Kf =0.52 Kkg /mol and Kf
=186 K kg /mol for water) Delhi 2014C

66. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 x 10-2 g of K2SO4 in 2L of water at 25°C,
assuming that it is completely dissociated. (R =0.0821 L atm k-1 mol-1,molar mass of K2SO4 = 174 g /mol). Delhi
2013

67. 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute when dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of benzene by
0.40 K. Find the molar mass of the solute. (Kf for benzene =5.12 K kg mol-1) All India 2013

68. A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5%
solution (by mass) of glucose in water if the freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K. [Molecular mass of glucose
(C6H1206) = 180 amu or g mol-1 and cane sugar (C12H22O11) = 342 amu or g mol-1] All India 2013C

69. At 25°C, the saturated vapour pressure of water is 3.165 kPa (23.75 m Hg). Find the saturated vapour pressure of
a 5% aqueous solution of urea (carbamide) at the same temperature. (Molar mass of urea = 60.05 g/ mol ). Foreign
2012

70. 15.0 g of unknown molecular material is dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting solution freezes at -0.34°C.
What is the molar mass of the material?(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg/ mol). All india 2012, 2010

71. A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was Prepared by dissolving some glycerol in 500 g of water. This solution
has a boiling point of 100.42°C, what mass of glycerol was dissolved to make this solution? (Kf for water = 0.512 Kkg/
mol) All lndia 2012; Delhi 2012, 2010

72. Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 10.50 g of MgBr, in 200 g of water (molar mass of
MgBr, = 184 g /mol, Kf for water is 1.86 K kg mol-1). Delhi 2011

73. Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00 g of NaCl to 250.0 g of water.

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(kf for water = 0.512 K kg/ mol, molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g /mol). Delhi 2011

74. What would be the molar mass of a compound if 6.21 g of it is dissolved in 24.0 g of chloroform form a solution
that has a boiling point of 68.04°C. The boiling point of pure chloroform is 61.7°C and the boiling point elevation
constant, Kf for chloroform is 3.63°C/m. Delhi 2011

75. A solution prepared by dissolving 8.95 mg of a gene fragment in 35.0 mL of water has an osmotic pressure of
0.335 torr at 25°C. Assuming the gene fragment is non-electrolyte, determine its molar mass. Delhi
2011; All India 2011

76. A 0.561 m solution of unknown electrolyte depresses the freezing point of water by 2.93°C. What is van’t Hoff
factor for this electrolyte? The freezing point depression constant (Kf) for water is 1.86°C kg mol-1. Foreign 2011

77. Phenol associates in benzene to a certain extent to form a dimer. A solution containing 20 g of phenol in 1.0 kg
of benzene has its freezing point lowered by 0.69 K. Calculate the fraction of phenol that has dimerised. (Given: Kf for
benzene = 5.1 K kg /mol ). Delhi 2011C

78. An aqueous solution containing 12.48 g of barium chloride in 1.0 kg of water boils at 373.0832 K. Calculate the
degree of dissociation of barium Chloride. (Given : Kf for H20= 0.52 K kg/ mol, molar mass of BaCl2 = 208.34 g /mol).
Delhi 2011C

79. At 300 K, 36 g of glucose, C6H12O6 present per litre in its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. If the
osmotic pressure of another glucose solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, calculate the concentration of the
other solution. All India 2011C

80. Calculate the boiling point of one molar aqueous solution. Density of KBr solution is 1.06 g mL (Kf for H20= 0.52 K
kg /mol, atomic mass of K=39, Br =80). All India 2011C

81. A solution prepared by dissolving 1.25 g of oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate) in 99.0g of benzene has a boiling
point of 80.31 °C. Determine the molar mass of this compound. (Boiling point of pure benzene = 80. 10°C and Kf for
benzene = 2.53°C kg/ mol). Delhi 2010; Foreign 2010

82. What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass 62.0 g mol) must be added to 5.50 kg of water to lower the freezing
point of water from 0°C to – 10.0°C? (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg /mol) . All India 2010

83. 0.1 mole of acetic acid was dissolved in 1 kg of Benzene. Depression in freezing point of benzene was determined
to be 0.256 K. What conclusion can you draw about the state of the Solute in solution? (Given : K, for benzene = 5.12
K kg /mol). Delhi 2010C

84. Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (C6H806) to be dissolved in 75 g of acetic acid to lower its melting point by
1.5°C (Kf for acetic acid is 3.9 K kg/ mol). All India 2010 C

5 Marks Questions
85. (i) What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of glucose in water?

(i) Ibrahim collected a 10 mL each of fresh water and ocean water. He observed that one sample labelled P froze at
0°C while the other Q at -1.3°C. lbrahim forgot which of the two, P or Q was ocean water. Help him identify which
container contains ocean water, giving rationalisation for your Answer.

(ii) Calculate van’t Hoff factor for an aqueous solution of K4[Fe(CN)6] if the degree of dissociation is 0.852. What will
be boiling point of this solution if its concentration is 1 molal? (Kb =0.52 K kg/mol) CBSE SQP 2024

86. (i) Why is boiling point of 1 M NaCl solution more than that of 1 M glucose solution?

(ii) A non-volatile solute X (molar mass =50 g/Mol) when dissolved in 78 g of benzene reduced its vapour pressure to
90%. Calculate the mass of X dissolved in the solution.

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(iii) Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared by adding 10g of MgCl2 to 200 g of water assuming
MgCl2 is completely dissociated. (Kf for water =0.512 K kg/ mol, Molar mass MgCl2 = 95 g/ mol) CBSE 2023

87. (i) Why is the value of van’t Hoff factor for ethanoic acid in benzene close to 0.5?

(ii) Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 232 x 10-3 g K2SO4, in 2 L of solution at 25 °C,
assuming that K2SO4, is completely dissociated. (R =0.082 L atm K- 1mol-1 Molar mass K2SO4, =174 g mol)

(iv) When 25.6 g of sulphur was dissolved in 1000 of benzene, the freezing point lowered by 0.512 K. Calculate the
formula of sulphur (Sx). (Kf for benzene = 5.12 K, kg/ mol, Atomic mass of sulphur =32 g /mol. CBSE 2023

88. (i) A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of 269. 1 5 K. Calculate the freezing point of
10% glucose in water If the freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K. (Given : Molar mass of sucrose =342 g/ mol and
molar mass of glucose = 180 g /mol)

(ii) Define the following terms. (a) Molality (m) (b) Abnormal molar mass

89. (i) Calculate the freezing point of solution when 1.9 g of MgCl2 (M =95 g/mol) was dissolved in 50 g of water,
assuming MgCl2 undergoes complete ionisation. (Kf for water =1.86 K kg/ mol)

(ii)(a) Out of I M glucose and 2 M glucose, which One has a higher boiling point and why?

(b) What happens when the external pressure Applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of the solution?
Delhi 2016

90. (i) When 2.56g of sulphur was dissolved in 100 g of CS2, the freezing point gets lowered by 0.383 K.

Calculate the formula of sulphur (Sx). (Kf for CS 2 = 3.83 K kg /mol Atomic mass of sulphur =32 g /mol)

(ii) Blood cells are isotonic with 0.99% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place Blood cells in a solution
containing (a) 1.2% sodium chloride solution?

(b) 0.4% sodium chloride solution? Delhi 2016

Answer sheet
Q1. C Q2. B Q3. B Q4. D Q5. D Q6. D Q7.A Q8. A Q9. C Q10. A Q11. B Q12. A Q13. A
Q14. C Q15. C Q16. B Q21 . 42.9 GM Q22. 0.034 atm Q24. TF= 269.4K Q25. 0.05M Al2(SO4)3
Q26. TF= 270.68 k Q33. 1.8 GM Q36. I= 0.35 Q36. ∆Tb= 0.052K Q43.∆Tb= 0.019 Tb= 373.02 K
Q44. ∆Tf= 0.0669K. TF= 272.93 K Q46. Ka= 3.07×10-3 Q47. α =0.946 , % α = 94.6% Q48. α = 0.945 , % α = 94.5%
Q49. α = 0.99 % , α = 99% Q50. TF= -0.24°C Q51- % α = 88.33% Q52. % α = 97.52% Q54. 0.05M
Q55. TF= 268.35 K Q56. ∆Tf= 1.592 K , TF= 271.408 K Q57. TF= 265.531 K Q58. Tb= 373.34 K Q59. 1.17 GM
Q60. ∆Tf= 2.25K. ,TF= 270.75 K Q61. 59.9 g/ mol Q63. 180 g/mol Q64. 0.612 K. Q65 Tb= 104.19 °C
-4
Q66. 52.7×10 atm Q67. 256 g/mol Q68. ∆Tf= 04.085 K, TF= 269.065 K Q69. 3.115 kpa Q70. 37.73 GM
Q73. ∆Tb= 1.051 K, Tb= 374.05 K Q74. 148.15 g/mol Q75. 1.4174×104 g/mol Q76. 2.807 Q77. α =73%
Q79. % α = 83.5%. Q79. 0.0610 mol Q80. Tb= 374.15 K Q 81. 152 g/mol Q82. 1.833. Q83. 0.5
Q84. 5.077 GM Q86. Tb= 101.85°C Q86. 373.08 K , I=3. Q87. I = 0.5 , n= 8 , S8 Q89. ∆Tf= 2.23 K.
TF= 270.918 K

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