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Se Unit 5

The document discusses decision assessment, outlining different types of decision-making processes, including descriptive, normative, and prescriptive approaches. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the context and factors influencing decisions, such as uncertainty and risk. Additionally, it highlights the need for organizational learning and effective planning to improve decision-making outcomes.

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dj mubarak
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views23 pages

Se Unit 5

The document discusses decision assessment, outlining different types of decision-making processes, including descriptive, normative, and prescriptive approaches. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the context and factors influencing decisions, such as uncertainty and risk. Additionally, it highlights the need for organizational learning and effective planning to improve decision-making outcomes.

Uploaded by

dj mubarak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
~ Unit- ¥ DECISION ASStSaMENT | ' A Socision & Types * Le A deciswen ean allocator of waswerees . w ok Bs generat brewoble Us Me parton whe has allocabed . complex , & A Aectsron makes aadthn ty over fe rermaces ‘fol ao being Ly pocterns sarge | from VeUy gynple te YY and vou rasrowo ty vous byoad . Ge Soot aren Siruatren telcos Aho ollaoing « cy The eBjectiva fe be achieved & poctenns saage frou vay Spe 12 raxrow te veuy brood « by Dooi sivn Savation Helder the allorong : cy The aBjectiva to be achieved . iy Noods to bo ful filled - WW Constyaidls G allaabas ossvctaled uth te act ton - QW) These affects hy the docisin » {y Peciawn options | alteanatives (W Eevirenment in which all f ‘fee ove imbadded . Wi) The expariantial Jand Uasity and soscstptive, Dedinp Asexinait ‘> Three Deciewn axsoxsmant Presiptive 8% Rernative. W Behavior to) Descitptive Decison Awewment * > 2 concerned ccith the very in which hua, in wea) sHustions aclually make decteons. +H & intended to Inclde both fe pres wel b Molo a dectswn G the actual dactewn thal is male WD Normofive Dacor Auoxseaaot ! > TR %& copcrnad wif the doctanne Wet should be rade Ff the daciston maker wicks to satiety some st f crdon| > Naat astoms tat a satora) parson would Gurely ogre with 4 pootulahed . ONE AB) Prosesiphive Dacieton Aaowmont : : HE pyelves Suegestons of appmpitade: decttoo hahavion, ‘Rot hunipeu fe formal nowmative appraches to enswe tak tre preas wefledls tfo naod 4 mead pemple In wal decismn Gruabons > Danis ¢ Wann dewlopel a conflict tedel of Dei 0 moletng ‘tok voflects " simuflancous & opmamg tondincies within the individual

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Cy nestgge under_prtabiicie mpmetonn Desir Ly a those in which one of covarsh outcomes an rosulk from a given achon deerding on He cabs rahue and ‘hue etebes ‘occa wif ynlaon ) Improdisel_proballihe W Decisnmn undor Inhorimation Imperfockon Tssuat : Sy 000 those in which cna cf Sevora) aukeome con vedwlt from @ given action dapendlng on He stake o| rahwe & thew chats occu wit Imparleclsy Specifial probaliies. W Deora unl congured & co-epaatnn Tsuar : Lea tos In which Thos is wom fan a single decigon maha @ bhow Me beck 4 adtivtios of 010 Soereron rok, acre nol Pacesartly known 4o all decision makou - W DT & PM foo dectstw under cerlaintt, ‘Mlushaakwon , av Oh age 9 aa © bb < bys 0 hy» Bo pasa ws 36 —'f2 2% — 4-49 Alalw of “| alate of] Stabe - Node [ Nahoo!) | Nabwa's | Povbabitihy do Oyo poplin a | 84 \6 oplon b qo Bo oplwn 4 (DTG Pm Ay Sbection Under Risk aes, [ad [eh oe Probotiitly | 2 : 2 Ophmn a Dy be 4 (9 -Ob.} Option b 90 30 at 21-4 Oplmne | 3b | as 4a sb-ts |. j f (HY De® PM foe Sects undo probabtlishe uncertainty 5 Probability 2 pion a ou 9 60 DUP = bo! Opinon b > 30 al D19 ~ 309) opin < EG ys [va [ats | (WW) DTG PM Aa Ungormaton imprecigyyn {W) BT PM ft Umgormaton Imprecievon © Veh Shee & Ly Neoded for A watons | W) The decision mekor howe can avenrn towards idk. No, @ DM may be visk- prom , @ Net al consequcncrs axe easily quantified en tous 4 mondlany Value . Formally , a wy efurchon is a metfenatical tronsfoimvinon tal maps Ye ak of cleans of Soeien Prblem (ote gm tobesval of fo mal Ure. UF assigns a nuimeicd value fe cade oulcome of a dcciswn preblem , \ Basic arsumpion farivms needed fy atlablih UT: Any to aukeomas vesulling from a decieron ray be tompaxd € pled ina prefacne cides, Utne mou be assigned to lottena invelving cut corres as will as to the euleoma . The fom “Lette " 2 defined as a chance mechanism “fad fields cubeomes ey ,ea,--@n ccitfe Probabiliien AP. Fy Tespectivey , Gi) 5f A Bs prefered ty cg © Ls profeved tm B, ton for oufftcidly lage P, Me lelter] & profeasad toc. 44% Wnportant cenlitw in eslablisiing Hleun vonay fquivalent (ome) . (WW Theo 3s no Intrinsic rena) fr ffe Lolferios « G& According to ity foory , the docteron maker ahold sock to chem the allinsivwe a7 fe. yesulling ex packed wally (az). | witch makes Ly Thus, fa expected voluo of) lily, mots FUSar y= mane 2 4 P(e; /a4) fF G& Ee ts ale called tha subjectie expocked oAflity (£0). LA Iothoy Ba Chane mechantem thal resulls tr an cubeome with @ pite ©) tonaagquence e()) eat Pb Pl), on cakeome with @ prize (o> Consaquance e (a) wilh Pb Pla)... and an culcory uti a prim) Consquene e(y) with Pb ei. the poobabiithes Ot) ast Ye hen-negative & Le the poobabilitios At) wast be ho -nagahve § Such “hol ‘Foy sar to of, % ot , M ‘eG PUY) = Pa Paya ++ Amel. hoe the Settay, L = Ler, pr sen, Pay ---.Qn Pa). > Now ef tockiniquos for Aietting oatlity farrctons in Yous q att ribubo twalgfils @ alfemnalive scores » W Direct fletaten GH) Ranking rroffieds (hi) Indiffexcnce Nefiods QO scomment “Ifaough Beasson Observalton ly The vesk prondum 2s The ameunt ue aw willing to ee - ffok is, ff" prondum we He willing to pay an inmaance compan - fo get wid af, all so visk. Ly tre isk prondum of Hy ae(ny = EO ~ce(). 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(W Non-redurdant () Decomposable opiabe | Undowlandebl ©) Grall Six + Group Declan Noky & etn: Ly Decitwrs offen ase ethan tmade By, qeoup of instead of an jolaled individual . iy “4 B Yea common fom of gqnup Lock on rrakaeg « 1D Voting approachas « Plusality Ly most tommen voting Pues me vehieg i ompatan Votiy: Mn cach & eveuy voling se, “ihe winner ¢ woinness oo decided according to wha 4 vwehng agile . 68 free 13 70 ora .a decison 2 made ciffes telat andlfue rund (2) Jo choose wifes by some offcn moffird poor (h Peential problems vole votng : W posadon of wing \a) Boriad weflse sfureton, L yo Wi) dvdiral_gociad vatfens _fanchon : Ly Too Pakoms * for all x @ 4, either ay wd ghar a xy,42, why & yee iemely «Rz. Axiom I - fiom G@ - fou LA rlaon Fat calisfis Axiom 1B aid to be comected @ a relation “tak odisfias Ariom TBs aid to be eid, WY Nodigications ty _achic fp_achiove Social) wool Funchen | G a iedifeatens oppcat to be apprpriak ; | T+ We coud Qeow wl yrsostitched ¢ Yon vepite the Trapping +h id a tranittive Suid) order centained in 0, TH wo could matted he at of adetubl profiles to ul) Such tit He mapping poole & goeinl) profpwonce onde, Gnlainad tr to. (Cotten) goog) Funcom: 44 allows dovelopirant of a mnubhipleative grup wth) funchon . b= . G Tt 2 possible to mor Airoctty des) with expetty Considerations ty a mulkipliadtive qpeup with mod) than in additive pookd . Socal wafers Funston ¢ Ly swr Ba cat q src inliffeence nap condshng “Whe Gecia) indiffircnce cusses (Sea) An Sie ivr He various Combinedtons of ubitihes he. hoo inhividuals ‘fat consprise fo Sic Aral rosull Wh ‘fo Gane eve) A Scud) wotfore (w), We FLY, vs) v,v. > Wilches - da hoo tushtour we flu ‘v v, Us? Wlilities nue “ saan Gh a functon doe ely lores of all indivduals in fe ae ely. we SWF = Wo (Us /U2, Un). ® * 810. S83 matn Approachas of, SOF 7 @ on-Samuolsod eyor (® Avwvian ouok W Gn's swr % Gploe tngveatg elinks fo Sylow tnptoniog Nosegavar Le Ruponsibilition soil geroally induda ie prgram § propel maragemncot [planning (acbode ng Costing , Sear bait doadouhtp & ‘nkesactons with Cushmou & supplioss] , La” vou important feature @ need To ovqaattzahien SB Neastey, MEstaker will coar 31 is hopad tial individuals § organk zabtons coun frome witstakes Such fiak “hings ave dono bolfer nowt fimo’. Riderabinn 2 ssaranonnk Gituabion assoxsment ; Dotecon ofa prblow ve Seon Kh Bypiens ee pra) ello toa problem ‘Inwlemontaton of Af gelubron Fraluahon of Hie cubcome - ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING: Sneweasng Bectsnn Frequoncies Tncraasing Decision Impcs| ts even o wi ® aw 7) w (iy Ls Tmportant chops in Bishan Mange mank + Vonisied matogerast functors | Plannit bu genizing Stabfi D cai Co-ordinahirg Ro pos Budgeting ; 1-Tysve Formulate 11 Environmental tonitow 12 Srvepmental urderstandi [Pes pcor6] —_ i "3° Idontifiadion 4 infounechon Necds Y Lderkfioatin of altouchiw. potersial Core of actitn . ®% Tue Analisis 21 Sdontigicattion ch impacls f abkeinatives 22 Tine unig he alhernadives for ffectvoros 3 Yewe Entuprataton 81 Eyaluahion of Each allformfive 3-3 election qf best alfornative 35 Druplelnenine the sleched alornakiwe . wo Aston Engincnirg Orgastaatnnd Stuchus 3 ee re ea | 1 [Mom } [oeege] [em] Forage) [sag] co) {CS} ce} (Lea 1 cof {co} (Ey ee) a yo Ee) we) eo fol. Woo, (Le TJ C3} |] nateterane J} design Rotromarh tJ Gecton grag Qual Secheo tac ose Sh 5 Hierarchical ( rurctionad lira) aston tngg- ogantioh Se) Respur ‘wal ro i os] bal | JE E cI JAE ® Aystoms tng mot tine project rvernagereent o Pagination af Systane Nanagerat > many responsibil os o{ top-level sy & Cooxdinalon of swe Faoneficadhon & Tdonti fication 4 resources swoquuived tho & sho. bent maragemant + Defiaitivn & ceordi rab 4 Tntxpos with toP Love) roragesrort [obork % dowclopel), Why Sycham Enginoasing Ndtfinds | (3 metheds) . F Wohusth asad Boer sawing $ Managment rests: Ly & approaches . PERT & CPM. : Gr PERT [ Progam Evaluation g Revie Technique) Le com (Caficad Ratti Nath) Gan a Nlw vwanageent wold , tho idontifred preecdan ca rmlahons bho Vaiow activities ae displayed to fe fiom of lo, thadh offer called a1 Pree diagramming Pebihy 00 Wi © fay on Artin, Ly Patahons : Ww Aelivihy > Sequence of ‘pbs ( tasks CY Predecotsor atkivity oa ‘remedial pnccal an achiily UH) Suecouva auchvily ES Teomaintely follows ‘fe ackialy W antecedent actly > prod ances achivty ards cnsiteadn fem Bo W derensent activity = mutt fillow an adkiily being consid WD) but point =7 pale with & on ino succesus activities (map pont >> pote chew 9 01 mowe activities ox combined , > By chosbe: Ly Bar chats [Gantt chat . \ Sirople visual chauk -Like aid Fur prvjeck Planning g Tmanagornont 2 > ox dete: Ly Bar chads [Gantt chat Ly Sitople view chouk -Lake add for pavject Planning 8 mont . Ly chasls used to display ce Schedule af activites ty Worizontal anis > Time Sale 3 Velial ois > Activitios waa - estelladiy EB - nmcitial « 4) = Slack Tre W Le" Paxels Principle” stakes tint a small) number ef, blems ase oral pole Gpnotally wesponsible fox tic wujoity of Aho fl effects . Costs Pesconk » | too wo . al © = ho Aiypottoh cal en ae Rasclto chat - a ° Project Achvites => Coot Estimation watfieds &% tok) dost Braddon Ghuchmas ! Le sowtal cypmaches to estimate cost fa pwrject - © Aral © Rotfom up > ( WW) rxperk opinion () Ruamolne makbs ©) Top down [-Dosign to Cost WO Price ty win Ly Appraches ‘thal roa be used to eetimalo of fist (tos! robes: W direct Labor whe W Jabor overhead vale | Braden (ti) Gonatad G cutnetnistrative sabe Ww Sinflahon soho Profit UG Appaachos ty coal as Preing strabegtas : a) Futl cost pricing (#) Tovestmont — pret Promctioral prctng

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