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Object Oriented Programmingnnzmms

The document explains the concepts of classes, objects, abstraction, aggregation, and composition in object-oriented programming. It defines a class as a blueprint for creating objects and outlines access specifiers, data members, and member functions. Additionally, it distinguishes between abstraction, which hides complex details, and the relationships of composition and aggregation, highlighting their differences in terms of dependency and object lifetimes.

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samiurrehman4159
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5 views19 pages

Object Oriented Programmingnnzmms

The document explains the concepts of classes, objects, abstraction, aggregation, and composition in object-oriented programming. It defines a class as a blueprint for creating objects and outlines access specifiers, data members, and member functions. Additionally, it distinguishes between abstraction, which hides complex details, and the relationships of composition and aggregation, highlighting their differences in terms of dependency and object lifetimes.

Uploaded by

samiurrehman4159
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PRESENTATION

TOPIC:
CLASS ITS RELATIONSHIPS, ABSTRACTION, AGGREGATION
AND COMPOSITION
What is class?
• A class is a blueprint used to create a object, combining data
and function in one unit.
• a class is a user defined data type that contains data member
function.
Syntax of class:
class ClassName {
private:
// data members (variables)

public:
// member functions (functions)

protected:
// optional (beech ka access level)
};
Access specifiers:
• Public :
(accessible from anywhere in the program)
• private :
( Cannot be accessed directly from outside)
• Protected :
( Accessible only within the class and its
derived (child) classes)
Object:
• An object is an instance of a class
• It represent the real-world entity and contains data and
function.
Syntax:
Student s1; // object of class Student
Data member:
• Data member are variables declared inside a class.
• They are used to store data of an object.
• Example: age, name, salary
Member function:
• member function are functions defined inside a class.
• They are used to perform operations on data member.
• example: setage(), display().
Global function:
• A global function is a function defined outside any class.
• 👉 It is independent of classes.
• Example:
void display() {
cout << "Hello from global function!" << endl;
}
Key point:
• Defined outside class.
• No object needed.
• Cannot directly access class private data.
What is abstraction?
• Abstraction is the process of hiding complex details and
showing only the important features.
• 👉 Focus: What it does, not how it works
• Example:
1. 🚗 Car
2. 📱 Mobile
Abstraction in programming:
• It is a key concept of OOP
• Helps to reduce complexity
• User only sees interface, not implementation
Types of abstraction:
1. Data Abstraction
• Hide data details
• Example: balance is private in Bank Account
2. Procedural Abstraction
• Hide logic in functions
• Example: sort() function
Code example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// abstract class
class shape {
public:
virtual double area() = 0; // pure virtual function
};

// derived class
class circle : public shape {
public:
double area() override {
return 3.14 * 5 * 5;
}
};

int main() {
circle c;
cout << [Link]();
return 0;
}
Composition:
• Composition is a strong relationship between classes.
• Has-A relationship.
Key point:
• Strong relationship
• Dependent object.
• Lifetime same
• If one object is destroy, second also destroy
Example:
• A house contains room.
• If the house destroyed, room also no longer exist.
Aggregation:

• Aggregation is a weak relationship between classes


• It also represents a “Has-A” relationship
• One class uses another class, but does not fully own it
Key point:
• Weak relationship
• Objects are independent
• Different lifetimes
• One object can exist without the other
Real-Life Example 🚗 Car and
Engine:
• A car has an engine
• If the car is destroyed, the
engine can still exist

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