Ii
STRUCTURAL-CAREER
EPISODES (OURSIDE)
(RELATED TO DESIGN
OF BUILDINGS, WATER
TANK, BRIDGES, AND
OTHER CIVIL
INFRASTRUCTURE)
BACKGROUND
The 1st paragraph should contain insights into the project, why the
research is important, and how it solves the problem statement. In the
case of an intern or work-based project, the information about the
company should be included in 1st paragraph.
The concern of the project should be made clear in the second
paragraph. The 2nd paragraph should contain techniques used and
specifications used in the project. It should be written by referring to
the abstract part of the source report.
OBJECTIVES
The primary objective should be related to the Title of the project.
Secondary objectives should be related to the benefits/advantages of
the project. These should not look like duties.
RELATED KEYWORDS:
i. To enhance
ii. To ensure
iii. To yield
iv. To improve
v. To increase
vi. To reduce
vii. To minimize
viii. To supplementetc.
SAMPLE:
NATURE OF WORK
Should not be the same as that in the Team Management section.
Should contain some technical tasks.
SAMPLE:
DUTIES
The flow of duties should be in accordance with the PEA points.
The minimum number of duties is 5 points. And should include both
technical and managerial duties.
Always elaborate the points while writing them…avoid using too short
sentences. It will look attractive and aids in clear understanding of the
actual duties.
SAMPLE:
PEA FIRST POINT
The details here should be directly related to the theme of the project and
its associated components.
Add technical details to display the depth of the knowledge about the
particular project.
RELATED KEYWORDS:
i. I studied
ii. I learned
iii. I reviewed
iv. I educated myself
v. I went through
vi. I researched
vii. I gathered information
viii. I referred
ix. I absorbed knowledge
x. I explored
xi. I inspected etc.
COMMON MISTAKES:
The most common mistakehere is too much repetition of major keywords.
Thus, always ensure that a wide range of vocabulary is used in writing.
Thus, kindly use different keywords in different sentences. Few repetitions
will be good but make sure it's not monotonous as shown below.
Avoid writing too long sentences, make sure it's clear. Always break the
long sentence into short ones for a clear understanding.
Don’t mention the youtube videos or any third-party sources. Always
make it general, simple, clear.
SAMPLE:
PEA SECOND POINT
The details here include the selection of the structural parameters to be
used while modeling and analyzing a building, water tanks, bridges, steel
structures, and so forth. The keywords used for the selection process only
must be used while writing this paragraph.
RELATED KEYWORDS:
i. I selected
ii. I chose
iii. I opted to use
iv. I decided to use
v. I considered
vi. I adopted
vii. I pickedetc.
Try to encompass every possible structural parameter you will use for
modeling. The major list to be included for different structures are listed
below:
S.N Building Bridge Water Tank
Building Type
1 (Residentialor officeor Bridge Span Column Section Size
commercial)
2 Plan Dimensions Concrete Grade Floor Beam Section Size
Bay Size (Not
3 Steel Grade Tank type
Compulsory)
Unit weight of
4 Story Height Tank Height
concrete
Story Level (10-story or Poisson’s ratio of
5 Floor Slab Thickness
G+9) concrete
Thermal Expansion
6 Column Section Size Roof Slab Thickness
Coefficient
Modulus of Elasticity
7 Beam Section Size Tank Wall Thickness
of Steel and Concrete
Top Beam Section Size
8 Slab Thickness Column size at bent
(if provided)
Beam Size at
9 Wall Thickness Tie Beams Section
Abutment
10 Shear Wall thickness (if Continuous Beam Staging Height
provided) Size
Unit Weight Of Wall
11 Slab Thickness Volume of Tank
Material
Unit Weight of Concrete
12 Grade of Concrete
Material
13 Bracing Size (if provided) Grade of Steel
14 Grade of Concrete
15 Grade of Steel
16 Additional Data as per source and necessity of the project
The parameters that we require but that are not mentioned in the source
file could be included based on your knowledge, research, and discussion
with your respective Writer Manager (WM).
Most importantly, in most of the CE change, all the possible structural
parameters in the case of ourside file where few examples are shown
below. Make sure it's reasonable.
HOW TO CHANGE DATA?
G+9 Structure To G+10 Or G+8 Structure.
3m floor height to 3.2m floor height
Size of Column from 500mm x 500mm to 550mm x 550mm
Slab thickness from 125mm to 130mm
Etc.
Donot forget to mention which software is being used. For building and
water tanks ETABS is used and for bridge, CSiBridge is used.
COMMON MISTAKES:
The most common mistake for this point is keeping the same parameters
as of the source, thus change it to the nearest data.
While changing data, make sure it's a reasonable and standard one. Don’t
change beam size to 301mm x 301mm or slab thickness as 126mm or
M30 grade as M31 grade. They are not standard. Take the help of the
Writer Manager in case of confusion.
Additionally, donot include sentence structure like“ I carried out
preliminary design of beam, column, and slab and found their size as …..”
because the preliminary design calculation is not done in ourside sources.
Avoid the use of phrases like “I calculated”, “ I computed” strictly in
ourside source. It will prevent us from dealing with huge calculations. In
case of them, the use of phrases such as “I evaluated”, “ I obtained”, “I
determined”, and so forth is suggested.
SAMPLE:
PEA THIRD POINT
In this section, the modeling process of building, water tank, or bridge is
described. The outside file doesnot include the modeling process of the
structures in general. Thus, this section gives an opportunity to apply the
knowledge, talent, and ability in the particular software being used in the CE.
If you are not known about the modeling process in the ETABS and CsiBridge,
it is advised to visit the youtube video once and go through the modeling
process of building and water tanks in ETABS and for the bridge in CSiETABS.
To paraphrase the described process and try to write it differently in each
different [Link] visiting once or twice, it will be very helpful to describe the
modeling process in future works. The typical modeling process includes:
Opening the software interface.
Assignment of the units to be used.
Grid definition based on the plan dimension, bay dimension,
and story height.
Definition of Material Properties.
Definition of section properties.
Drawing Beam, Column, and Slab, and other required
structures.
Allocation of fixed supports to column base.
Assignment of fixed connection between beam and column.
The following mentioned links are advised (but not compulsory) for
understanding a general overview of the modeling process; however, the
better you explore better will be the knowledge.
For Building Modelling and Analysis in ETABS:
[Link] (Modelling)
[Link] (Analysis)
For Water Tank Modelling and Analysis in ETABS:
[Link]
For Bridge Modelling and Analysis in CsiBridge:
[Link]
COMMON MISTAKES:
Donot include the whole analysis process in this point only. It is
suggested to includethe modeling process of the structure only in
software.
Avoid writing incomplete modeling process and skipping steps.
SAMPLE:
PEA FOURTH POINT
This section comprises of analysis of the modeled structure under the action
of the loads. Mention what types of analysis are being used in the process.
For all the structures, we use linear static analysis. Thus, never include
dynamic analysis procedures or non-linear analysis procedures while writing
CE’s. Discuss with your writer manager and change it to the linear static
analysis [Link] commonly used steps in the analysis phase are:
Definition of Load Pattern.
Masssource Definition.
Assignment of Diaphragm to the floors.
The meshing of the Structural Model
Definition of Load Combination.
Definition of Load Cases.
Assignment of the Design Code for Reinforced Concrete
Design.
Run Analysis.
Checks for the Successful Analysis
Additional Checks also can be included if you are confident of
it (but not compulsory)
Additional based on the nature of the project.
The common types of the load acting on the different structures used in the
CE’s are listed below. Yet, it must be taken into consideration based the
source and nature of project.
S.N Building Bridge Water Tank
Dead Load (Self-weight,
floor finish load, external
wall load, internal wall Dead load (generally Dead Load (Generall
1
load, parapet load, self-weight) Self weight)
partition wall load, and
so forth)
Live Load (Vehicle
Live Load (floor live load, Live Load (Load due to
2 Load as the major
roof live load, Water)
load)
Earthquake load (Always Earthquake load (Always
include response include response
reduction factor, reduction factor,
3
importance factor, zone importance factor, zone
type, soil type, damping type, soil type, damping
ratio) ratio)
4 Wind Load (Auto- Wind Load (Auto-
generated load from generated load from
ETABS can also be used ETABS can also be used
or additional parameters or additional parameters
must be defined if It is must be defined if It is
taken using Indian taken using Indian
Standard Load) Standard Load)
COMMON MISTAKES:
Never use dynamic analysis for the study of structures. Always use
linear static analysis. Consult with WM for any confusion.
SAMPLE:
PEA FIFTH POINT
This section describes the results obtained from the project. Make the best
use of the knowledge from academic study. The results must reflect all the
processes described in the above points. It also must include the primary
objective of the project. This is the most important part of PEA and the entire
CE so give your best to it.
Try to describe the significance of each result if possible and if you are
confident of it.
RELATED KEYWORDS:
i. I determined
ii. I detected
iii. I explored
iv. I found
v. I evaluated
vi. I discovered
vii. I discerned
viii. I witnessed
ix. I perceived
x. I observed
COMMON MISTAKES:
Avoid using repetition of the keywords such as “ I observed”, “I found’
throughout this point. It is advised to use different keywords as
mentioned above.
Donot include vague results as described in some ourside sources.
The results can be modified with discussion with your WM.
SAMPLE:
USE OF CONNECTIVES
Since PEA points includes series of events interconnected with each other. It
is strongly suggested to make excellent use of connectives after few
sentences. It will add beauty to your writing.
KEYWORDS TO USE:
i. Next
ii. Following it
iii. Subsequently
iv. Thereupon
v. Eventually
vi. Afterward
vii. After which
viii. Consequently
ix. Then
x. Accordingly
xi. Immediately after
xii. Thereafter
xiii. After that
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION
Always follow this (DONOT MISS ANYONE OF THESE)
Project Phase
Problem Identification
Problem Consequences / Impact on Project (Negative Impact on
Project)
Solution Steps/Procedures (Supervisor consultation, Group Meeting,
Research)
Solution/ Implementation (It must be from PEA-Most Important)
Consequences of the solution and positive impact on the project.
Conclusion/Summary.
SAMPLE:
CREATIVE STRATEGY
The ideas and techniques used to ease the project and solve technical
issues should be written in this section.
The solution part of the problems can also be included to increase the
wordcount of this section.
SAMPLE:
TEAM MANAGEMENT
The details should be as per the role of the Client. It should be written
after the verification of solo or group member projects.
The details should also verify the project as a Project Leader or group
member project.
Always try to write differently.
SAMPLE:
SUMMARY
The 1st paragraphs should contain brief details on what was done in
the project. The conclusion should be focused on in the 1st paragraph.
The 1st paragraph can be parallel to the 2nd paragraph of the
Background but it should not be similar/same.
The 2nd paragraph should be about the personal gain from the project.
STRUCTURAL-CAREER
EPISODES (OWN
PROJECT)
(RELATED TO DESIGN
OF BUILDINGS, WATER
TANK, BRIDGES, AND
OTHER CIVIL
INFRASTRUCTURE)
Go with the flow of the project report while writing it.
Include all the details as much as possible.
If word counts exceed 2500 you can exclude minor details but major
details must be included.
For any confusion consult with your respective WM.