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Problem Set 2

This document is a problem set for a course on Transport Phenomena, focusing on vector calculus and fluid dynamics. It includes various mathematical proofs and evaluations using Einstein notation, as well as practical problems related to fluid flow and tank emptying. The problems require applying theoretical concepts to derive equations and analyze discrepancies in results from different methods.

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3 views2 pages

Problem Set 2

This document is a problem set for a course on Transport Phenomena, focusing on vector calculus and fluid dynamics. It includes various mathematical proofs and evaluations using Einstein notation, as well as practical problems related to fluid flow and tank emptying. The problems require applying theoretical concepts to derive equations and analyze discrepancies in results from different methods.

Uploaded by

sadmadlad0712
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CL203: Transport Phenomena: Problem set 2

Handed out 20-August-2020

1. Using Einstein notation, show that for vectors a, b and c:


a. [Link] = axb.c
b. bxa = - axb

2. a. Write down a x b x c in Einstein notation (where a, b, and c are vectors).


b. For any unit vector, n, evaluate: n x (a x n) + n(a.n), where a is any arbitrary vector.

𝝈𝟏𝟏 𝝈𝟑𝟑
3. 𝒔 = 𝝈
𝟐𝟐 𝝈𝟒𝟒
What is 𝒔. 𝒔? Express this in Einstein notation.
What is 𝒔: 𝒔? Express this in Einstein notation.

4. Prove (using Einstein notation) that:


a. .( x a) = 0
b.  x  x a = (.a) - 2a
c. .(a x b) = b.  x a – a.  x b
d. x(a x b) = a . b – b .a + b.a – a.b

5. Evaluate ∫n.n dA over an arbitrary closed surface, A, where n is the outer normal to the surface.

6. Consider a constitutive equation of the form,  =  x u, where  is a constant material property.
Is this form allowable? If not, why not? Prove any assertions that you make.

7. For flow of liquid down the slide shown in the accompanying figure with a constant volumetric
flow rate (per unit width) = Q. Determine the velocity profile and the film thickness () as a
function of x.
y

y = -mx for x < 0


x

(x)

y = -mx-cx2 for x > 0

Additional practice problems: BSL, Chapter 2: 2B.3 a, b; 2B.4; 2B.6; 2D.2


Find the time taken for a tank of diameter, D, to empty through an orifice of
diameter, d. Assume that the liquid has constant properties (density is a
constant, viz. the fluid is incompressible), and that the other quantities are as
indicated in the accompanying figure.
Calculate v, l and the time taken for the tank to empty.

We have solved (in class) the problem where the orifice is at the bottom of the tank. Solve this
problem using a momentum balance and separately using an energy balance.
Comment on the results from the two analyses. Do you observe the same discrepancy that we
obtained in class? Critically evaluate the assumptions used to solve the problem and comment on
which might give rise to this discrepancy. Which answer is likely to be closer to the experimental
value?

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