JEE-Chemistry

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SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

1. Mole fraction of C3H5(OH)3 in a solution of 36 g of water and 46 g of glycerine is-
(A) 0.46 (B) 0.36 (C) 0.20 (D) 0.40

2. The vapour pressure of water depends upon

(A) Surface area of container (B) Volume of container
(C) Temperature (D) All

3. Among the following substances, the lowest vapour pressure is exerted by -

(A) Water (B) Mercury (C) Kerosene (D) Rectified spirit

4. A vessel has nitrogen gas and water vapours in equilibrium with liquid water at a total pressure of 1 atm.
The partial pressure of water vapours is 0.3 atm. The volume of this vessel is reduced to one third of the
original volume, at the same temperature, then total pressure of the system is: (Neglect volume occupied
by liquid water)
(A) 3.0 atm (B) 1 atm (C) 3.33 atm (D) 2.4 atm

5. The van't Hoff factor i for an infinitely dilute solution of NaHSO4 is

(A) 1/ 2 (B) 1/ 3 (C) 3 (D) 2

6. For the given electrolyte AxBy, the degree of dissociation '' can be given as
i 1
(A)  = (B) i = ( 1– )+ x + y
x  y 1
i 1
(C)  = (where n = x + y) (D) All of these
n 1

7. At a constant temperature, S will be maximum for which of the following processes:

(A) Vaporisation of a pure solvent
(B) Vaporisation of solvent from a solution containing non–volatile and non–electrolytic solute in it
(C) Vaporisation of solvent from a solution containing non–volatile but electrolytic solute in it
(D) Entropy change will be same in all the above cases

8. The vapour pressure of pure liquid solvent A is 0.80 atm. When a non-volatile substance B is added to the
solvent, its vapour pressure drops to 0.60 atm. mol fraction of the component B in the solution is -
(A) 0.50 (B) 0.25 (C) 0.75 (D) 0.40

9. The vapour pressure of a solution of a non-volatile solute B in a solvent A is 95% of the vapour pressure of
the solvent at the same temperature. If the molecular weight of the solvent is 0.3 times the molecular
weight of the solute, what is the ratio of weight of solvent to solute.
(A) 0.15 (B) 5.7 (C) 0.2 (D) none of these

10. The vapour pressure of water at room temperature is lowered by 5% by dissolving a solute in it, then the
approximate molality of solution is
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 4 (D) 3

11. The vapour pressure of a dilute aqueous solution of glucose is 750 mm of mercury at 373 K. The mole
fraction of solute is -
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 7.6 35 76

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12. Consider equimolal aqueous solutions of NaHSO4 and NaCl with Tb and T’b as their respective boiling
Lt Tb
point elevations. The value of will be:
m0 T
b

2
(A) 1 (B) 1.5 (C) 3.5 (D)
3

13. Pressure cooker reduces cooking time because

(A) the heat is more evenly distributed inside the cooker
(B) a large flame is used
(C) boiling point of water is elevated
(D) whole matter is converted into steam

14. A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) is isotonic with 4 g of urea (NH2 – CO – NH2) per liter of solution. The
concentration of glucose is
(A) 4 g/ (B) 8 g/ (C) 12 g/ (D) 14 g/

15. A solution of a substance containing 1.05 g per 100 mL was found to be isotonic with 3% glucose solution.
The molecular mass of the substance is -
(A) 31.5 (B) 6.3 (C) 630 (D) 63

16. Osmotic pressure of 30% solution of glucose is 1.20 atm and that of 3.42% solution of cane sugar is 2.5
atm. The osmotic pressure of the mixture containing equal volumes of the two solutions will be
(A) 2.5 atm (B) 3.7 atm (C) 1.85 atm (D) 1.3 atm.

17. pH of a 0.1 M monobasic acid is found to be 2. Hence its osmotic pressure at a given temp. T K is-
(A) 0.1 RT (B) 0.11 RT (C) 1.1 RT (D) 0.01 RT

18. The osmotic pressure of equimolar solutions of BaCl2, NaCl and glucose will be in the order
(A) glucose > NaCl > BaCl2 (B) BaCl2 > NaCl > glucose
(C) NaCl > BaCl2 > glucose (D) NaCl > glucose > BaCl2

19. Which has maximum osmotic pressure at temperature T:

(A) 100 mL of 1 M urea solution
(B) 300 mL of 1 M glucose solution
(C) mixture of 100 mL of 1 M urea solution and 300 mL of 1 M glucose solution
(D) all are isotonic

20. Osmotic pressure of blood is 7.40 atm at 27°C. Number of mole of glucose to be used per L for an
intravenous injection that is to have the same osmotic pressure as blood is -
(A) 0.3 (B) 0.2 (C) 0.1 (D) 0.4

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SECTION - 1 : MULTIPLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

1. In the depression of freezing point experiment, it is found that the
(A) Vapour pressure of the solution is less than that of pure solvent
(B) Vapour pressure of the solution is more than that of pure solvent
(C) Only solute molecules solidify at the freezing point
(D) Only solvent molecules solidify at the freezing point

2. Consider following solutions (assuming same molarity for dilute solution):

(I) glucose (II) sodium chloride
(III) benzoic acid in benzene (IV) ammonium phosphate
Select correct statement(s):
(A) All are isotonic solutions (B) III is hypotonic of I, II, IV
(C) I, II, IV are hypertonic of III (D) IV is hypertonic of I, II, III

3. At 35°C, the vapour pressure of 'X' is 512 mm Hg, and acetone is 344 mm Hg. A solution of 'X' and
acetone in, which the mol fraction of 'X' is 0.25, has a total vapour pressure of 600 mm Hg. Which of the
following statements is/are correct?
(A) A mixture of 100 mL of acetone and 100 mL of 'X' has a volume of 200 mL
(B) When acetone and 'X' are mixed at 35°C, heat must be absorbed in order to produce a solution at 35°C.
(C) When acetone and 'X' are mixed at 35°C, heat is released.
(D) There is positive deviation from Raoult's law.

4. Which of the following is/are correct for an ideal binary solution of two volatile liquids (Eg. benzene &
toluene)?
(A) its vapor is always richer in the more volatile component (compared to the liquid).
(B) the liquid will gradually become richer in the less volatile component if such a mixture is boiled
(distilled).
(C) the pT (ie. the total pressure) above the solution will be the sum of the vapor pressures of the two pure
components.
(D) the boiling point of the solution will be less than the boiling points of the two components.

5. In which of the following pairs of solutions will the values of the vant Hoff factor be the same?
(A) 0.05 M K4 [Fe(CN)6] and 0.10 M FeSO4
(B) 0.10 M K4[Fe(CN)6] and 0.05 M FeSO4 (NH4)2SO4. 6H2O
(C) 0.20 M NaCl and 0.10 M BaCl2
(D) 0.05 M FeSO4 (NH4)2SO4 . 6H2O and 0.02 M KCl . MgCl2 . 6H2O

6. Which of the following solutions are expected to be isotonic with respect to 6% (W/V) solution of urea?
(A) 18% (w/v) solution of glucose (B) 1 M solution of NaCl
(C) 1 M solution of sucrose (D) 1 M solution of CH3COOH.

7. When a solution containing non-volatile solute is diluted with water,

(A) its vapour pressure increases (B) its osmotic pressure increases
(C) its boiling point increases (D) its freezing point increases.

8. For a solution containing non-volatile solute, the relative lowering of vapour pressure is 0.2. If the solution
contains 5 moles in all, which of the following are true?
(A) Mole fraction of solute in the solution is 0.2 (B) No. of moles of solute in the solution is 0.2
(C) No. of the moles of solvent in the solution is 4 (D) Mole fraction of solvent is 0.2

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SECTION - 2 : COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS
(SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTION)
Comprehension-1
The main application of osmotic pressure measurement is in the determination of the molar mass of a
substance which is either slightly soluble or has a very high molar mass such as proteins, polymers of
various types and colloids. This is due to the fact that even a very small concentration of the solution
produces fairly large magnitude of osmotic pressure. In the laboratory the concentrations usually employed
are of the order of 10–3 to 10–4 M. At concentration of 10–3 mol dm–3, the magnitude of osmotic pressure at
300 K is :
P = 10–3 × 0.082 × 300 = 0.0246 atm
or 0.0246 × 1.01325 × 105 = 2492.595 Pa
At this concentration, the values of other colligative properties such as boiling point elevation and
depression in freezing point are too small to be determined experimentally.

9. One gram each of polymer A (molar mass = 2000) and B(molar mass = 6000) is dissolved in water to
form one litre solution at 270C. The osmotic pressure of this solution will be
(A) 0.0164 atm (B) 1862 Pa (C) both are correct (D) none of these

10. What will be the observed molecular weight of the above polymer sample generating osmotic pressure
equal to the answer in the previous question at 270 C:
(A) 4000 (B) 3000 (C) 2500 (D) 1200

11. Which of the following solutions of NaOH in water will be able to generate osmotic pressure equal to the
answer of question number 1 at 270C assuming NaOH to be completely ionised
(A) M/1000 (B) M/1500 (C) M/2000 (D) M/3000

Comprehension-2
A system of greater disorder of molecules is more probable. The disorder of molecules is reflected by the
entropy of the system. A liquid vaporises to form a more disordered gas. When a solute is present, there is
additional contribution to the entropy of the liquid due to increased randomness. As the entropy of solution
is higher than that of pure liquid, there is weaker tendency to form the gas. Thus, a solute (non volatile)
lowers the vapour pressure of a liquid, and hence a higher boiling point of the solution.
Similarly, the greater randomness of the solution opposes the tendency to freeze. In consequence, a lower
the temperature must be reached for achieving the equilibrium between the solid (frozen solvent) and the
solution. Elevation of [Link]. (Tb) and depression of [Link]. (Tf ) of a solution are the colligative properties
which depend only on the concentration of particles of the solute, not their identity. For dilute solutions,
Tb and Tf are proportional to the molality of the solute in the solution.
2
RTbº M
Tb = Kbm Kb = Ebullioscopic constant =
1000 H vap

2
RTfº M
And Tf = Kf m Kf = Cryoscopic constant = (M = molecular mass of the solvent)
1000 H fus
H vap
The values of Kb and Kf do depend on the properties of the solvent. For liquids, is almost constant.
Tbº
[Troutan’s Rule, this constant for most of the unassociated liquids(not having any strong bonding like
Hydrogen bonding in the liquid state) is equal to 90 J/mol.]
For solutes undergoing change of molecular state is solution (ionization or association), the observed T
values differ from the calculated ones using the above relations. In such situations, the relationships are
modified as Tb = i Kb m ; Tf = i Kf m
where i = Van't-Hoff factor, greater than unity for ionization and smaller than unity for association of the
solute molecules.

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12. Depression of freezing point of which of the following solutions does represent the cryoscopic constant of
water?
(A) 6% by mass of urea is aqueous solution
(B) 100g of aqueous solution containing 18 g of glucose
(C) 59 g of aqueous solution containing 9 g of glucose
(D) 1 M KCl solution in water.

13. Dissolution of a non-volatile solute into a liquid leads to the -

(A) decrease of entropy
(B) increase in tendency of the liquid to freeze
(C) increases in tendency to pass into the vapour phase.
(D) decrease in tendency of the liquid to freeze

14. To aqueous solution of NaI, increasing amounts of solid HgI2 is added. The vapour pressure of the solution
(A) decreases to a constant value
(B) increases to a constant value
(C) increases first and then decreases
(D) remains constant because Hg2 is sparingly soluble in water.

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SECTION - 1 : NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS

1. How many of the following statements is/are correct?
(i) Relative lowering of vapour pressure is a colligative property.
(ii) The components of an azeotropic solution can be separated by simple distillation.
(iii) Addition of non-volatile solute to water always lowers its vapour pressure.
(iv) Reverse osmosis is generally used to make saline water fit for domestic use.
(v) A 6% solution of NaCl should be isotonic with 6% solution of sucrose.
(vi) On diluting solution, its normality and molarity changes but molality remains constant.
(vii) The unit of Kb is kg K–1 mol–1.
(viii) The value of Kb or Kf depends only on the type of solvent & not solute dissolved in it.
(ix) Limiting value of van't Hoff factor of K4[Fe(CN)6] is 11.
(x) The increasing order of osmotic pressure of 0.1 M aqueous solution containing different electrolyte is as
follows 0.1 M Glucose < 0.1 M sodium chloride < 0.1 M magnesium chloride.

2. 2.56g of sulphur in 100g of CS2 has depression in freezing point of 0.010C. Kf = 0.1 [Link]1. Hence, the
atomicity of sulfur in CS2 is

3. Liquids A and B form an ideal solution. At a certain temperature the total vapour pressure of a mixture of
A and B is 400 mm Hg. The mole fraction of A in the liquid mixture in equilibrium with the vapour phase
is 0.4. If the vapour pressure ratio (PA0/PB0) for the pure liquids at this temperature is 1/6, what is the
partial pressure of A in torr in the vapour phase ?

4. The cryoscopic constant for acetic acid is 3.6 K kg/mol. A solution of 1 g of a hydrocarbon in 100 g of
acetic acid freezes at 16.14°C instead of the usual 16.60°C. The hydrocarbon contains 92.3% carbon. The
molecular formula of hydrocarbon is CXHY then Y + X is :

5. At 10°C, the osmotic pressure of urea solution is 500 mm. The solution is diluted and the temperature is
raised to 25°C, when the osmotic pressure is found to be 105.3 mm. Determine extent of dilution.

6. The vapour pressure of two pure liquids A and B, that form an ideal solution are 100 and 900 mm Hg
respectively at temperature T. This liquid solution of A and B is composed of 1 mole of A and 1 mole of B.
What will be the total pressure above liquid solution in mm Hg, when 1 mole of mixture has been
vaporized?

7. Benzene and toluene form nearly ideal solutions. At 20°C, the vapour pressure of benzene is 75 torr and
that of toluene is 22 torr. The partial vapour pressure of benzene at 20°C for a solution containing 78 g of
benzene and 46 g of toluene in torr is –

8. A mixture of ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol has a vapour pressure of 290 mm at 300 K. The vapour
pressure of propyl alcohol is 200 mm. If the mole fraction of ethyl alcohol is 0.6, its vapour pressure (in
mm) at the same temperature will be

SECTION - 2 : MATRIX - MATCH QUESTIONS

9. Match the Column.
Column-I (Properties) Column-II (Affecting factors)
(A) Relative lowering of vapour pressure (p) Directly proportional to van't Hoff factor, i
(B) Elevation in boiling point (q) Directly proportional to molality
(C) Freezing point (r) Directly proportional to molality
Indirectly proportional to lowering of
(D) Osmotic pressure (s)
Vapour pressure

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10. For a binary liquid solution of A and B. PA0  vapour pressure of pure A. PB0  vapour pressure of pure B.
XA = mole fraction of A in liquid phase. YA = mole fraction of A in vapour phase.
Column-I Column-II
(A) PA0  PB0 (ideal liquid solution) (p) XA = YA
(B) Azeotropic mixture (q) XA < YA
(C)
0
Equimolar ideal mixture of A & B with P  P
A
0
B (r) XB < YB
(D)
0
Equimolar ideal mixture of A & B with P  P
A
0
B (s) YB > YA

11. Match the following

Column-I Column-II
(A) Intermolecular force A – A, B – B > A – B (p) H > 0
(B) Maximum boiling point azeotrope (q) negative deviation
Solution formed by equimolar of A and B
(C) PA0 = 100 torr, PB0 = 200 torr has S > 0
(r)
vapour pressure 140 torr

PA
0

PB
0
(PT) calculated < (PT) observed
(D) (s)

XB = 1 XB = 0
XA = 0 XA = 1

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1. The vapour pressure of acetone at 20ºC is 185 torr. When 1.2 g of non–volatile substance was dissolved in
100 g of acetone at 20ºC, its vapour pressure was 183 torr. The molar mass (g mol–1) of the substance is:
[JEE MAINS-2015]
(1) 32 (2) 64 (3) 128 (4) 488
2. An aqueous solution of a salt MX2 at certain temperature has a van't Hoff factor of 2. The degree of
dissociation for this solution of the salt is: [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2016]
(1) 0.50 (2) 0.80 (3) 0.67 (4) 0.33
3. 18 g glucose (C6H12O6) is added to 178.2 g water. The vapour pressure of water (in torr) for this aqueous
solution is: [JEE MAINS-2016]
(1) 7.6 (2) 76.0 (3) 752.4 (4) 759.0
4. For 1 molal aqueous solution of the following compounds, which one will show the highest freezing point?
[JEE MAINS-2018]
(1) [Co(H2O)6]Cl3 (2) [Co(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O
(3) [Co(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.2H2O (4) [Co(H2O)3Cl3].3H2O

5. A solution containing 62 g ethylene glycol in 250 g water is cooled to –10°C. If Kf for water is 1.86 K kg
mol–1, the amount of water (in g) separated as ice is : [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(1) 32 (2) 48 (3) 16 (4) 64
6. Which one of the following statements regarding Henry's law is not correct?
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(1) The value of KH increases with increase of temperature and KH is function of the nature of the gas
(2) Higher the value of KH at a given pressure, higher is the solubility of the gas in the liquids.
(3) The partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas in the
solution.
(4) Different gases have different KH (Henry's law constant) values at the same temperature.

7. Elevation in the boiling point for 1 molal solution of glucose is 2 K. The depression in the freezing point of
2 molal solutions of glucose in the same solvent is 2 K. The relation between Kb and Kf is:
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(1) Kb = 0.5 Kf (2) Kb = 2 Kf (3) Kb = 1.5 Kf (4) Kb = Kf

8. Liquids A and B form an ideal solution in the entire composition range. At 350 K, the vapor pressures of
pure A and pure B are 7 × 103 Pa and 12 × 103 Pa, respectively. The composition of the vapor in
equilibrium with a solution containing 40 mole percent of A at this temperature is:
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(1) yA = 0.37; yB = 0.63 (2) yA = 0.28; yB = 0.72
(3) yA = 0.76; yB = 0.24 (4) yA = 0.4; yB = 0.6

9. K2HgI4 is 40% ionised in aqueous solution. The value of its van't Hoff factor (i) is :-
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(1) 1.8 (2) 2.2 (3) 2.0 (4) 1.6
10. Freezing point of a 4% aqueous solution of X is equal to freezing point of 12% aqueous solution of Y. If
molecular weight of X is A, then molecular weight of Y is: [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(1) A (2) 3A (3) 4A (4) 2A

11. The vapour pressures of pure liquids A and B are 400 and 600 mmHg, respectively at 298K. On mixing
the two liquids, the sum of their initial volumes is equal to the volume of the final mixture. The mole
fraction of liquid B is 0.5 in the mixture. The vapour pressure of the final solution, the mole fraction of
components A and B in vapour phase, respectively are- [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(1) 500 mmHg, 0.5, 0.5 (2) 450 mmHg, 0.4, 0.6 (3) 450 mmHg, 0.5, 0.5 (4) 500 mmHg, 0.4, 0.6

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12. The osmotic pressure of a dilute solution of an ionic compound XY in water is four times that of a solution
of 0.01 M BaCl2 in water. Assuming complete dissociation of the given ionic compounds in water, the
concentration of XY (in mol L–1) in solution is : [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(1) 6 × 10–2 (2) 4 × 10–4 (3) 16 × 10–4 (4) 4 × 10–2
13. Molal depression constant for a solvent is 4.0 [Link] mol–1. The depression in the freezing point of the
solvent for 0.03 mol kg–1 solution of K2SO4 is : [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(Assume complete dissociation of the electrolyte)
(1) 0.12 K (2) 0.36 K (3) 0.18 K (4) 0.24 K
14. Given below are two statements:
Statement I : A mixture of chloroform and aniline can be separated by simple distillation.
Statement II : When separating aniline from a mixture of aniline and water by steam distillation aniline
boils below its boiling point.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2021]
(1) Statement-I is false but Statement II is true (2) Both Statement-I and Statement II are false
(3) Statement-I is true but Statement II is false (4) Both Statement-I and Statement II are true
15. Solute A associates in water. When 0.7 g of solute A is dissolved in 42.0 g of water, it depresses the
freezing point by 0.2°C. The percentage association of solute A in water, is
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2022]
[Given: Molar mass of A = 93 g mol–1. Molal depression constant of water is 1.86 K kg mol–1]
(1) 50 % (2) 60 % (3) 70 % (4) 80 %
16. In the depression of freezing point experiment
A. Vapour pressure of the solution is less than that of pure solvent
B. Vapour pressure of the solution is more than that of pure solvent
C. Only solute molecules solidify at the freezing point
D. Only solvent molecules solidify at the freezing point [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]
(1) A and D only (2) B and C only (3) A and C only (4) A only
17. Evaluate the following statements for their correctness.
(A) The elevation in boiling point temperature of water will be same for 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M urea.
(B) Azeotropic mixtures boil without change in their composition
(C) Osmosis always takes place from hypertonic to hypotonic solution
(D) The density of 32% H2SO4 solution having molarity 4.09 M is approximately
(E) A negatively charged sol is obtained when KI solution is added to silver nitrate solution.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]
(1) B, D, and E only (2) A, B, and D only (3) A and C only (4) B and D only
18. A solution of two miscible liquids showing negative deviation from Raoult's law will have:
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]
(1) increased vapour pressure, increased boiling point
(2) increased vapour pressure, decreased boiling point
(3) decreased vapour pressure, decreased boiling point
(4) decreased vapour pressure, increased boiling point

19. The technique used for purification of steam volatile water immiscible substance is:
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]
(1) Fractional distillation (2) Fractional distillation under reduced pressure
(3) Distillation (4) Steam distillation
20. The solution from the following with highest depression in freezing point/lowest freezing point is
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]
(1) 180 g of acetic acid dissolved in water (2) 180 g of acetic acid dissolved in benzene
(3) 180 g of benzoic acid dissolved in benzene (4) 180 g of glucose dissolved in water

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SECTION - 1 : SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

1. A solution at 20°C is composed of 1.5 mol of benzene and 3.5 mol of toluene. If the vapour pressure of
pure benzene and pure toluene at this temperature are 74.7 torr and 22.3 torr, respectively, then the total
vapour pressure of the solution and the benzene mole fraction in equilibrium with it will be, respectively:
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2015]
(1) 38.0 torr and 0.589 (2) 30.5 torr and 0.389
(3) 35.8 torr and 0.280 (4) 35.0 torr and 0.480

2. Determination of the molar mass of acetic acid in benzene using freezing point depression is affected by:
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2015]
(1) association (2) dissociation (3) complex formation (4) partial ionization

3. The solubility of N2 in water at 300 K and 500 torr partial pressure is 0.01 g L–1. The solubility (in g L–1) at
750 torr partial pressure is: [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2016]
(1) 0.02 (2) 0.005 (3) 0.015 (4) 0.0075

4. 5 g of Na2SO4 was dissolved in x g of H2O. The change in freezing point was found to be 3.82°C. If
Na2SO4 is 81.5% ionised, the value of x. (Kf for water = 1.86°C kg mol–1) is approximately.
(Molar mass of S = 32 g mol–1 and that of Na = 23 g mol–1) [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2017]
(1) 45 g (2) 65 g (3) 15 g (4) 25 g

5. A solution is prepared by mixing 8.5 g of CH2Cl2 and 11.95 g of CHCl3. If vapour pressure of CH2Cl2 and
CHCl3 at 298 K are 415 and 200 mmHg respectively, the mole fraction of CHCl3 in vapour form is:
(Molar mass of Cl = 35.5 g mol–1) [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2017]
(1) 0.486 (2) 0.325 (3) 0.162 (4) 0.675

6. The freezing point of benzene decreases by 0.45°C when 0.2 g of acetic acid is added to 20 g of benzene. If
acetic acid associates to form a dimer in benzene, percentage association of acetic acid in benzene will be:
(Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol–1) [JEE MAINS-2017]
(1) 94.6 % (2) 64.6% (3) 80.4% (4) 74.6%

7. The freezing point of a diluted milk sample is found to be –0.2°C, while it should have been –0.5°C for
pure milk. How much water has been added to pure milk to make the diluted sample ?
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(1) 2 cups of water to 3 cups of pure milk (2) 1 cup of water to 3 cups of pure milk
(3) 3 cups of water to 2 cups of pure milk (4) 1 cup of water to 2 cups of pure milk

8. Molecules of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) dimerise in benzene. 'w' g of the acid dissolved in 30 g of benzene
shows a depression in freezing point equal to 2K. If the percentage association of the acid to form dimer in
the solution is 80, then w is : [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(Given that Kf = 5 K kg mol–1, Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122 g mol–1)
(1) 1.8 g (2) 2.4 g (3) 1.0 g (4) 1.5 g

9. Liquid 'M' and liquid 'N' form an ideal solution. The vapour pressures of pure liquids 'M' and 'N' are 450
and 700 mmHg, respectively, at the same temperature. Then correct statement is:
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(xM = Mole fraction of 'M' in solution ; xN = Mole fraction of 'N' in solution ;
yM = Mole fraction of 'M' in vapour phase ; yN = Mole fraction of 'N' in vapour phase)
xM yM xM yM xM yM
(1) (xM – yM) < (xN – yN) (2)  (3)  (4) 
xN yN xN yN xN yN

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10. At room temperature, a dilute soluton of urea is prepared by dissolving 0.60 g of urea in 360 g of water. If
the vapour pressure of pure water at this temperature is 35 mmHg, lowering of vapour pressure will be
(molar mass of urea = 60 g mol–1):- [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(1) 0.027 mmHg (2) 0.028 mmHg (3) 0.017 mmHg (4) 0.031 mmHg
11. 1 g of non-volatile non-electrolyte solute is dissolved in 100g of two different solvents A and B whose
Tb (A)
ebullioscopic constants are in the ratio of 1 : 5. The ratio of the elevation in their boiling points, , is:
Tb (B)
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(1) 5 : 1 (2) 10 : 1 (3) 1 : 5 (4) 1 : 0.2

12. A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.6 g of urea (molar mass = 60 g mol–1) and 1.8 g of glucose (molar
mass = 180 g mol–1) in 100 mL of water at 27ºC. The osmotic pressure of the solution is:
(R = 0.08206 L atm K–1 mol–1) [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2019]
(1) 4.92 atm (2) 1.64 atm (3) 2.46 atm (4) 8.2 atm

13. At 35°C, the vapour pressure of CS2 is 512 mm Hg and that of acetone is 344 mm Hg. A solution of CS2 in
acetone has a total vapour pressure of 600 mm Hg. The false statement amongst the following is:
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2020]
(1) heat must be absorbed in order to produce the solution at 35°C
(2) Raoult's law is not obeyed by this system
(3) a mixture of 100 mL CS2 and 100 mL acetone has a volume < 200 mL
(4) CS2 and acetone are less attracted to each other than to themselves

14. Match List I with List II. [JEE MAINS - ONLINE – 2024]
LIST-I (Technique) LIST-II (Application)
A. Distillation I. Separation of glycerol from spent-lye
B. Fractional distillation II. Aniline - Water mixture
C. Steam distillation III. Separation of crude oil fractions
D. Distillation under reduced pressure IV. Chloroform-Aniline
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III (2) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I (3) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III (4) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

SECTION - 2 : NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS

1. At 300 K, the vapour pressure of a solution containing 1 mole of n-hexane and 3 moles of n-heptane is
550 mm of Hg. At the same temperature, if one more mole of n-heptane is added to this solution, the
vapour pressure of the solution increases by 10 mm of Hg. What is the vapour pressure in mm Hg of n-
heptane in its pure state _________ ? [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2020]
2. A soft drink was bottled with a partial pressure of CO2 of 3 bar over the liquid at room temperature. The
partial pressure of CO2 over the solution approaches a value of 30 bar when 44 g of CO2 is dissolved in 1
kg of water at room temperature. The approximate pH of the soft drink is __________ × 10–1.
(First dissociation constant of H2CO3 = 4.0 × 10–7; log 2 = 0.3; density of the soft drink = 1 g mL–1)
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2020]
3. The elevation of boiling point of 0.10 m aqueous CrCl3.xNH3 solution is two times that of 0.05m aqueous
CaCl2 solution. The value of x is____.
[Assume 100% ionisation of the complex and CaCl2 , coordination number of Cr as 6, and that all NH3
molecules are present inside the coordination sphere] [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2020]

4. 224 mL of SO2(g) at 298 K and 1 atm is passed through 100 mL of 0.1 M NaOH solution. The non-volatile
solute produced is dissolved in 36 g of water. The lowering of vapour pressure of solution (assuming the
 
solution is dilute). P(H2O)  24 mm of Hg is x × 10–2 mm of Hg, the value of x is ______.
(Integer answer) [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2021]
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5. The oxygen dissolved in water exerts a partial pressure of 20 kPa in the vapour above water.
The molar solubility of oxygen in water is _______ × 10–5 mol dm–3.
(Round off to the Nearest Integer). [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2021]
[Given: Henry's law constant = KH = 8.0 × 104 kPa for O2. Density of water with dissolved oxygen = 1.0
kg dm–3]

6. A 1 molal K4Fe(CN)6 solution has a degree of dissociation of 0.4. Its boiling point is equal to that of
another solution which contains 18.1 weight percent of a non-electrolytic solute A. The molar mass of A
is_____ u. (Round off to the Nearest Integer). [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2021]
[Density of water = 1.0 g cm–3]

7. 2 molal solution of a weak acid HA has a freezing point of 3.885°C. The degree of dissociation of this acid
is _____ × 10–3. (Round off to the Nearest Integer).
[Given : Molal depression constant of water = 1.85 K kg mol–1 Freezing point of pure water = 0°C]
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2021]

8. Elevation in boiling point for 1.5 molal solution of glucose in water is 4K. The depression in freezing point
for 4.5 molal solution of glucose in water is 4K. The ratio of molal elevation constant to molal depression
constant (Kb/Kf) is____. [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2022]

9. The osmotic pressure of blood is 7.47 bar at 300 K. To inject glucose to a patient intravenously, it has to be
isotonic with blood. The concentration of glucose solution in gL-1 is _____(Molar mass of glucose = 180 g
mol–1 ; R = 0.083 L bar K–1 mol–1) (Nearest integer) [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2022]

10. The osmotic pressure exerted by a solution prepared by dissolving 2.0 g of protein of molar mass 60 kg
mol–1 in 200 mL of water at 27°C is _______ Pa. [integer value] (use R = 0.083 L bar mol–1 K–1)
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2022]

11. The osmotic pressure of solutions of PVC in cyclohexanone at 300 K are plotted on the graph.
The molar mass of PVC is___________g mol–1 (Nearest integer) [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]


C
(Atm/g L–1 )

C(g L– 1)
(Given: R = 0.083 L atm K–1 mol–1)

12. Lead storage battery contains 38% by weight solution of H2SO4. The van't Hoff factor is 2.67 at this
concentration. The temperature in Kelvin at which the solution in the battery will freeze is ____ (Nearest
integer). Given Kf = 1.8 K kg mol–1 [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]

13. A solution containing 2 g of a non-volatile solute in 20 g of water boils at 373.52 K. The molecular mass of
the solute is _______ g mol–1. (Nearest integer)
Given, water boils at 373 K, Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol–1. [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]

14. Mass of Urea (NH2CONH2) required to be dissolved in 1000 g of water to reduce the vapour pressure of
water by 25% is……g. (Nearest integer) [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]
–1
Given: Molar mass of N, C, O and H are 14, 12, 16 and 1 g mol respectively.

15. Consider the following pairs of solution which will be isotonic at the same temperature. The number of
pairs of solutions is/are……….. [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]
A. 1 M aq. NaCl and 2 M aq. Urea B. 1 M aq. CaCl2 and 1.5 M aq. KCl
C. 1.5 M aq. AlCl3 and 2 M aq. Na2SO4 D. 2.5 M aq. KCl and 1 M aq. Al2(SO4)3
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16. The vapour pressure vs. temperature curve for a solution solvent system is shown below.

The boiling point of the solvent is _____°C [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]

17. If the boiling points of two solvents X and Y (having same molecular weights) are in the ratio 2 : 1 and their
enthalpy of vaporizations are in the ratio 1 : 2, then the boiling point elevation constant of X is m times the
boiling point elevation constant of Y. The value of m is _____ (Nearest integer)
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]

18. An aqueous solution of volume 300 cm3 contains 0.63 g of protein. The osmotic pressure of the solution at
300 K is 1.29 mbar. The molar mass of the protein is ___________ g mol–1.
Given: R = 0.083 L bar K–1mol–1. [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]

19. The osmotic pressure of a dilute solution is 7 × 105 Pa at 273K. Osmotic pressure of the same solution at
283K is____× 104 Nm–2. [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]

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*1. The mole fraction of a solute in a solution is 0.1. At 298 K, molarity of this solution is the same as its
molality. Density of this solution at 298 K is 2.0 g cm–3. The ratio of the molecular weights of the solute and
 MWsolute 
solvent,   , is [JEE 2016]
 MWsolvent 

*2. Mixture(s) showing positive deviation from Raoult's law at 35ºC is(are) [JEE 2016]
(A) carbon tetrachloride + methanol (B) carbon disulphide + acetone
(C) benzene + toluene (D) phenol + aniline

3. For a solution formed by mixing liquids L and M, the vapour pressure of L plotted against the mole
fraction of M in solution is shown in the following figure. Here xL and xM represent mole fraction of L and
M, respectively, in the solution. The correct statement(s) applicable to this system is(are) [JEE 2017]

Z
pL

1 xM 0
(A) Attractive intermolecular interactions between L–L in pure liquid L and M–M in pure liquid M are
stronger than those between L–M when mixed in solution.
(B) The point Z represents vapour pressure of pure liquid M and Raoult's law is obeyed when xL  0.
(C) The point Z represents vapour pressure of pure liquid L and Raoult's law is obeyed when xL  1.
(D) The point Z represents vapour pressure of pure liquid M and Raoult's law is obeyed from xL=0 to xL= 1.

4. Pure water freezes at 273 K and 1 bar. The addition of 34.5 g of ethanol to 500 g of water changes the
freezing point of the solution. Use the freezing point depression constant of water a 2 K kg mol–1. The
figures shown below represent plots of vapour pressure (V.P.) versus temperature (T). [Molecular weight of
ethanol is 46 g mol–1]. Among the following, the option representing change in the freezing point is
[JEE 2017]

Water
1
Ice Water
ol
Ice than
V.P./bar

1
(A) ter +E (B)
Wa
V.P./bar

Wate
r+ Ethan
ol

271 273 271 273 T/K

T/K
Water
1
Water l
Ice an o
Eth
V.P./bar

1 Ice
(C) (D) +
ter
Wa
V.P./bar

Wate
r+ Ethan
ol

270 273 270 273 T/K

T/K

5. Liquids A and B form ideal solution over the entire range of composition. At temperature T, equimolar
binary solution of liquids A and B has vapour pressure 45 Torr. At the same temperature, a new solution of
A and B having mole fraction xA and xB, respectively, has vapour pressure of 22.5 Torr. The value of xA/xB
in the new solution is: (Given that the vapour pressure of pure liquid A is 20 Torr at temperature T)
[JEE 2018]
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6. The plot given below shows P – T curves (where P is the pressure and T is the temperature) for two
solvents X and Y and isomolal solutions of NaCl in these solvents. NaCl completely dissociates in both the
solvents. [JEE 2018]
3
1 2 4

760

Pressure (mmHg)
1. Solvent X
2. Solution of NaCl in solvent X
3. Solvent Y
4. Solution of NaCl in solvent Y

360
362

367
368
Temperature (K)
On addition of equal number of moles of a non–volatile solute S in equal amount (in kg) of these solvents,
the elevation of boiling point of solvent X is three times that of solvent Y. Solute S is known to undergo
dimerization in these solvents. If the degree of dimerization is 0.7 in solvent Y, the degree of dimerization in
solvent X is:
7. On dissolving 0.5 g of a non-volatile non-ionic solute to 39 g of benzene, its vapor pressure decreases
from 650 mm Hg to 640 mm Hg. The depression of freezing point of benzene (in K) upon addition of the
solute is ______
(Given data : Molar mass and the molal freezing point depression constant of benzene are 78 g mol–1 and
5.12 K kg mol–1, respectively) [JEE 2019]
8. Liquids A and B form ideal solution for all compositions of A and B at 25°C. Two such solutions with 0.25
and 0.50 mole fractions of A have the total vapor pressures of 0.3 and 0.4 bar, respectively. What is the
vapor pressure of pure liquid B in bar? [JEE 2020]

Question Stem for Question Nos. 9 and 10

Question Stem
The boiling point of water in a 0.1 molal silver nitrate solution (solution A) is x ºC. To this solution A, an
equal volume of 0.1 molal aqueous barium chloride solution is added to make a new solution B. The
difference inthe boiling points of water in the two solutions A and B is y × 10–2 ºC.
(Assume : Densities of the solution A and B are the same as that of water and the soluble salts dissociate
completely.
Use : Molal elevation constant (Ebullioscopic Constant), Kb = 0.5 K kg mol–1; Boiling point of pure water
as 100 ºC. [JEE 2021]
9. The value of x is _______ .
10. The value of |y| is _______ .
11. An aqueous solution is prepared by dissolving 0.1 mol of an ionic salt in 1.8 kg of water at 35ºC. The salt
remains 90% dissociated in the solution. The vapour pressure of the solution is 59.724 mm of Hg. Vapour
pressure of water at 35ºC is 60.000 mm of Hg. The number of ions present per formula unit of the ionic
salt is_______. [JEE 2022]
12. 50 mL of 0.2 molal urea solution (density = 1.012 g mL–1 at 300 K) is mixed with 250 mL of a solution
containing 0.06 g of urea. Both the solutions were prepared in the same solvent. The osmotic pressure (in
Torr) of the resulting solution at 300 K is __.
[Use: Molar mass of urea = 60 g mol–1; gas constant, R = 62 L Torr K–1 mol–1; Assume, mixH = 0, 
mixV= 0] [JEE 2023]

13. Vessel-1 contains w2 g of a non-volatile solute X dissolved in w1 g of water. Vessel-2 contains w2 g of

another non-volatile solute Y dissolved in w1 g of water. Both the vessels are at the same temperature and
pressure. The molar mass of X is 80% of that of Y. The van't Hoff factor for X is 1.2 times of that of Y for
their respective concentrations.
The elevation of boiling point for solution in Vessel-1 is ______% of the solution in Vessel-2. [JEE 2024]

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ANSWERS
EXERCISE-1
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. C C B D C D A B B D D B C C D
Que. 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. C B B D A

EXERCISE-2
 MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. (AD) 2. (BCD) 3. (BD) 4. (AB) 5. (BD)
6. (AC) 7. (AD) 8. (AC)

 COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS

9. (A) 10. (B) 11. (D) 12. (C) 13. (D)
14. (B)

EXERCISE-3
 NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS
1. (5) 2. (8) 3. (40) 4. (12) 5. (5)
6. (300) 7. (50) 8. (350)

 MATRIX MATCH QUESTIONS

9. (A) - (p), (B) - (pq), (C) - (s), (D) - (pr) 10. (A) - (q), (B) - (p), (C) - (rs), (D) - (p)
11. (A) - (prs), (B) - (qr), (C) - (qr), (D) - (r)

EXERCISE-4(A)
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 2 1 3 4 4 2 2 2 1 2 4 1 2 4 4
Que. 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 1 4 4 4 1

EXERCISE-4(B)
SECTION - 1: SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Ans. 1 1 3 1 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 1 3 2
SECTION - 2: NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 600 37 5 12 25 85 50 3 54 415 41500 243 100 1111 4
Que. 16 17 18 19
Ans. 82 8 40535 72.56

EXERCISE-5
1. (9) 2. (AB) 3. (AC) 4. (D) 5. (19)
6. (0.05) 7. (1.02 or 1.03) 8. (0.20) 9. (100.1) 10. (2.5)
11. (5) 12. (682) 13. (150)

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