Presented By: Prof. Madhuri N.

Shinde
Email id: mnshinde@[Link]
Outcomes

By the end of the lecture student will be able to:

 use decision control statements

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Content
 Decision control statements

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Decision making
 Decision making in programming is same as daily life
decisions
 checking of conditions occurring while execution
of the program
 specifying actions taken according to the conditions
 Decision structures produce TRUE or FALSE outcome
after evaluating expressions
 You need to determine which action to take and which
statements to execute if outcome is TRUE and which
statements to execute if outcome is FALSE
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Decision control statements
Selection / conditional Basic loop structures /
Branching Statements Iterative Statements

if while loop
break
if - else for loop
continue
Nested if Nested loop
pass
if - elif - else else with loop
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
 Any Queries ???

Thank you !

Mail id: mnshinde@[Link]

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Lecture 2

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Outcomes

By the end of the lecture student will be able to:

 make use of selection/conditional branching
Statements:

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 8
Content
 Selection/conditional branching Statements:
 if,
 if-else,
 nested if,
 if-elif-else statements.

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 9
if statement
 if statement is used to test particular condition.
 If the condition is True, then it executes the block of
statements which is called as if block

 Syntax:
if <condition>:
<statements>

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 10
if statement

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 11
if – else statement
 The if – else statement provides an else block
combined with the if statement which is executed in
the false case of the condition

 Syntax:
if <condition>:
<statements 1>
else:
<statements 2>
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde 12
if – else statement

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 13
if – else statement
 Example: Check given number is odd or even

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 14
Nested if statement
 Nested if statements means the if statement is inside another
if statement
 The nested statement is executed only when the outer “if
statement” True
 Syntax:
if <condition>:
if <condition>:
<statements 1>
else:
<statements 2>
else:
<statements 3>
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde 15
Nested if statement

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 16
if – elif – else statement
 The if – else statement provides an else block
combined with the if statement which is executed in
the false case of the condition

 Syntax:
if <condition>:
<statements 1>
else:
<statements 2>
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde 17
if – elif – else statement

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 18
 Any Queries ???

Thank you !

Mail id: mnshinde@[Link]

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 19
Lecture 3

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Outcomes

By the end of the lecture student will be able to:

 understand basic loop Structures/Iterative statements

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 21
Content
 Basic loop Structures/Iterative statements:
 while loop,
 for loop,
 Nested loops,

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 22
Basic loop Structures /
Iterative statements:
 In programming, loops are a sequence of instructions
that does a specific set of instructions or tasks based
on some conditions and continue the tasks until it
reaches certain conditions.
 The control structures of programming languages
allow us to execute a statement or block of statement
repeatedly.

 Types of Loops in Python:

 while loops
 for loops
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde 23
while Loop
 while loop is used to execute a block of statements
repeatedly until a given a condition is satisfied & when the
condition becomes false, the line immediately after the loop
in program is executed

 Syntax:
while condition:
statement(s)
# body of loop that has set of statements which require
s repeated execution

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 24
while Loop
 Example to display “python programming” 3 times

count=0
while count < 3:
print("python programming")
count=count+1
print("Outside the loop")

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 25
while Loop
i =1 Output:
sum1=0 i: 1 Sum is: 0
while i <6: i: 2 Sum is: 1
print("i:",i,"\tSum is:",sum1) i: 3 Sum is: 3
i: 4 Sum is: 6
sum1 =sum1 + i
i: 5 Sum is: 10
i=i+1
Final sum is: 15
print("Final sum is:",sum1)

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 26
for Loop
 With the ‘for’ loop we can execute a set of statements, once
for each item in a list, tuple, set etc. A for loop is used for
iterating over a sequence.

 Syntax:
For Iterative_variable in sequence:
Statement (s)
# body of loop that has set of statements which requir
es repeated execution

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 27
for Loop
 Example:
#Print each fruit in a fruit list:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)

 Output:
apple
banana
cherry

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 28
 .

Range
 The range() function returns a sequence of numbers,
starting from 0 by default, and increments by 1 (by default),
and stops before a specified number

 Syntax
range(start, end, step)

Example:
x = range(8) -> 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
x = range(3, 8) - > 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
x = range(3, 8, 2) - > 3, 5, 7
x = range(8, 1, -2) - > 8, 6, 4, 2

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 29
Quiz for with range
for i in range(1, 4):
print("Lockdown ",float( i))
print("Stay safe at Home")
else:
print("Lockdown ",float( i + 1))
print("Stay safe at home")
print("Take care, wear mask when you want
to go out for emergency work ")

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 30
For with range

31
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
For with range

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 32
for Loop
sum1=0  Output:
for i in range (1,6):
print("i:",i,"\t Sum is:",sum1)  i: 1 Sum is: 0
sum1 =sum1 + i  i: 2 Sum is: 1
 i: 3 Sum is: 3
print("Final sum is:",sum1)
 i: 4 Sum is: 6
 i: 5 Sum is: 10
 Final sum is: 15

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 33
Looping Through a String
 Since a string is simply a sequence of characters,
the for loop iterates over each character automatically

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 34
Nested Loops
 A nested loop is a loop within a loop
 The "inner loop" will be executed first for each
iteration of the "outer loop":

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 35
 Exercise: nested for loop
 Print Pattern using loop
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5

Suppose I want in reverse of it what changes I have to do in above code?

36
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Nested loops with list

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 37
 Any Queries ???

Thank you !

Mail id: mnshinde@[Link]

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 38
Lecture 4

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Outcomes

By the end of the lecture student will be able to:

 make use of break, continue, pass statements in

python program

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri

Shinde 40
Content
 break

 continue

 pass

 else statement used with loops

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri

Shinde 41
break Statement
 With the break statement we can stop the loop even if
the looping condition is true.

 Syntax:
break

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri

Shinde 42
break Statement
 Example with ‘while’ loop:

 #Exit the loop when i is 3:

i=1 Output:
while i<5:
print(i) 1
if i == 3: 2
break 3
i += 1
Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri
Shinde 43
break Statement
 Example with ‘for’ loop:
 #Exit the loop when x is "banana":

fruits = ["apple","banana","cherry"]  Output:

for x in fruits:
print(x)  apple
if x =="banana":  banana
break

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri

Shinde 44
continue Statement
 With the continue statement we can stop the current
iteration, and continue with the next iteration

 Syntax:
continue

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri

Shinde 45
continue Statement
 Example with ‘while’ loop:
 #Continue to the next iteration if i is 3:

 Output:
i=1
while i<5:
1
print(i)
2
i += 1
3
if i == 3:
4
continue
Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri
Shinde 46
continue Statement
 Example with ‘for’ loop:
 # do not print banana:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]  Output:

for x in fruits:
if x == "banana":  apple
continue
 cherry
print(x)

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri

Shinde 47
pass statement
 It is used when a statement is required syntactically
but you do not want any command or code to execute.
 The pass statement is a null operation; nothing
happens when it executes.

 Syntax:
pass

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri

Shinde 48
pass statement

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri

Shinde 49
pass statement
 Example with ‘while’ loop:
 Output:
i=1
while i<5: 1
print(i) 2
if i == 3: 3
pass 4
i += 1
Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri
Shinde 50
Pass v/s Continue

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri

Shinde 51
else statement used with loops
 The else block is placed just after the for or while loop.
 It is executed only when the loop is not terminated by a
break statement

 else statement with for loop:

 Syntax:
for variable in sequence:
# Body of for loop
else:
Statement

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri

Shinde 52
else statement with for loop

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri

Shinde 53
else statement with while loop
 Syntax:
while condition:
# Body of while loop
else:
Statement

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri

Shinde 54
else statement with while loop

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri

Shinde 55
 Any Queries ???

Thank you !

Email id: mnshinde@[Link]

Break Continue Pass statements by Madhuri
Shinde 56
Lecture 5

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Outcomes

By the end of the lecture student will be able to:

 use tuples

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 58
Tuples
 A tuple represents a collection of elements.
 These elements are put in parenthesis () separated by
comma
 Sequence of immutable objects

 Tuples are expressed in following format:

 tuple1 = (element1, element2, element3, .....)

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 59
Tuples
1. Creation of tuples
2. Accessing values in tuples
3. Updating tuples / trying to add new element
4. Deleting elements of the tuple
5. Displaying tuple
6. Loop through a tuple

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 60
1. Creation of tuples

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 61
2. Accessing values in tuples

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 62
3. Updating tuples / trying to add
new element

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 63
4. Deleting elements of the tuple

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 64
5. Displaying Tuple

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 65
6. Loop through a tuple

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 66
7. Range()

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 67
8. enumerate()

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 68
9. Copying tuple

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 69
Tuple operations
1. len()
2. Concatenation “+”
3. Repetition “*”
4. "in" check if element exist
5. "not in" check if element exist
6. max()
7. min()
8. sum()
9. all(): returns True, when all elements are true
10. any(): returns True, when any elements are true
11. tuple():converts an iterable(tuple,string,set,dict) to tuple
12. sorted():new sorted tuple
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde 70
Tuple operation

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 71
Tuple operations

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 72
Tuple operations

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 73
Tuple operations

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 74
Tuple operations

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 75
Tuple methods

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 76
 Any Queries ???

Thank you !

Mail id: mnshinde@[Link]

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde 77
Lecture 7

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Outcomes

By the end of the lecture student will be able to:

 make use of dictionary

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Content
 Dictionary
 Creating
 Assessing
 Adding
 Updating values
 Dictionary method

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Dictionary
 A dictionary is a collection which is unordered,
changeable and indexed.
 In Python dictionaries are written with curly
brackets, and they have keys and values.

 Syntax:
 DictionaryName = {key: value}

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Creating a dictionary
 Values : any datatype, duplicated
 Keys : not repeated, immutable.

 language = {1: 'python', 2: 'C', 3: 'C++'}

 print(language)

 {1: 'python', 2: 'C', 3: 'C++'}

 #empty Dictionary
 Dict = {}
 print(Dict)
 {} Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Creating a dictionary dict() function
 # Creating a Dictionary with dict() method
 Dict=dict()
 print(Dict)
 {}

 Dict = dict({1: 'Python', 2: 'C++', 3:'C'})

 print(Dict)
 {1: 'Python', 2: 'C++', 3: 'C'}

 # Creating a Dictionary with each item as a Pair

 Dict = dict([(1, 'Python'), (2, 'C++')])
 print(Dict)
 {1: 'Python', 2: Problem
'C++'} Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Creating a Nested Dictionary
 Dict = {1: 'Python', 2: 'C++',
3:{'developed by' : 'Dennis M. Ritchie',
'year' : '1972'}}
 print(Dict)

 {1: 'Python', 2: 'C++', 3: {'year': '1972', 'developed by': 'Dennis

M. Ritchie'}}

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Adding elements in a dictionary
 # Adding elements one at a time
 Dict[0] = 'Python'
 Dict[2] = 'C++'
 Dict[3] = 20
 print(Dict)

 {0: 'Python', 2: 'C++', 3: 20}

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Adding elements in a dictionary
 # Adding set of values to a single Key
 Dict['multi'] = 2, 3, 4
 print(Dict)

 {0: 'Python', 2: 'C++', 3: 20, 'multi': (2, 3, 4)}

 # Adding Nested Key value to Dictionary

 Dict[5] = {'Nested' :{'1' : 'Life', '2' : 'Love'}}
 print(Dict)

 {0: 'Python', 2: 'C++', 3: 20, 5: {'Nested': {'2': 'Love', '1': 'Life'}}, 'mul
ti': (2, 3, 4)}
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Assessing elements
 In order to access the elements of a dictionary refer to its key
name. Key can be used inside square brackets.
 get() method

 Dict={0: 'Python', 2: 'C++', 3: 20, 5: {'Nested': {'2': 'Love', '1':

'Life'}}, 'multi': (2, 3, 4)}

 print(Dict[0])
 Python

 print([Link](3))
 20
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Assessing elements
 Dict={0: 'Python', 2: 'C++', 3: 20, 5: {'Nested': {'2': 'Love', '1':
'Life'}}, 'multi': (2, 3, 4)}

 print(Dict[5])
 {'Nested': {'1': 'Life', '2': 'Love'}}

 print(Dict['multi'])
 (2, 3, 4)

 print(Dict['multi'][2])
4
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Updating values
 Dict={0: 'Python', 2: 'C++', 3: 20, 5: {'Nested': {'2': 'Love', '1':
'Life'}}, 'multi': (2, 3, 4)}
 Dict[3] = 'HTML‘
 print(Dict)

 {0: 'Python', 'multi': (2, 3, 4), 2: 'C++', 3: 'HTML', 5: {'Nested

': {'1': 'Life', '2': 'Love'}}}

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
Dictionary method
Method Description
clear() Removes all the elements from the dictionary
copy() Returns a copy of the dictionary
fromkeys() Returns a dictionary with the specified keys and value
get() Returns the value of the specified key
items() Returns a list containing a tuple for each key value pair
keys() Returns a list containing the dictionary's keys
pop() Removes the element with the specified key
popitem() Removes the last inserted key-value pair
setdefault() Returns the value of the specified key. If the key does not exist:
insert the key, with the specified value
update() Updates the dictionary with the specified key-value pairs
values() Returns a list of all the values in the dictionary
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
1 clear() method:
 Dict={0: 'Python', 2: 'C++'}

 Removes all the elements from the dictionary

 Syntax:
 [Link]()

 [Link]()
 print(Dict)

 {}
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
2 copy() method:
 Returns a copy of the dictionary
 Syntax:
 [Link]()

 Dict={0: 'Python', 2: 'C++'}

 new_dict=[Link]()
 print("original dictionary: ", Dict)
 print("new dictionary: ", new_dict)

 original dictionary: {0: 'Python', 2: 'C++'}

 new dictionary: {0: 'Python', 2: 'C++'}
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
3 fromkeys() method:
 Returns a dictionary with the specified keys and value

 Syntax:
 fromkeys(seq, val)

 where seq : The sequence to be transformed into a dictionary.

val : Initial values that need to be assigned to the generated keys.
Defaults to None.

 seq = { 'RollNo', 'Name', 'ContactNo'}

 res_dict = [Link](seq)
 print ("The dict : ", res_dict)

 The dict : {'ContactNo': None, 'Name': None, 'RollNo': None}

Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
4 get() method:
returns the value of the Syntax:
specified key [Link](key, default=none)
 Dict={0: 'Python', 2: 'C++'}

 print(Dict[0])  print([Link](0))
 print(Dict[3])  print([Link](2))
 print([Link](3))

 Python  Python
 KeyError: 3  C++
 None
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
5 items() method:
 Returns a list containing a tuple for each key value pair

 Syntax:
 [Link]()

 Dict={0: 'Python', 2: 'C++'}

 print([Link]())

 dict_items([(0, 'Python'), (2, 'C++')])

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
6 keys() method:
 Returns a list containing the dictionary's keys

 Syntax:
 [Link]()

 Dict={0: 'Python', 2: 'C++'}

 print([Link]())

 dict_keys([0, 2])

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
7 pop() method:
 Removes the element with the specified key

 Syntax:
 [Link](key, def )

 where key : The key whose key-value pair has to be returned and removed.
def : The default value to return if specified key is not present.

 Dict={0: 'Python', 2: 'C++'}

 [Link](2)
 print(Dict)
 print("return default value",[Link]('C',4))
 print(Dict)

 {0: 'Python'}
 return default value 4
 {0: 'Python'}

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
8 popitem() method:
 Removes the last inserted key-value pair

 Syntax:
 [Link]()

 Dict={0: 'Python', 1:"C", 2: 'C++'}

 removed=[Link]()
 print("Removed element: ",removed)
 print("After removing element from dictionary:", Dict)

 Removed element: (2, 'C++')

 After removing element from dictionary:
 {0: 'Python', 1: 'C'}
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
 9 setdefault() method:
Returns the value of the specified Syntax:
key. If the key does not exist: insert [Link](key[, default_value])
the key, with the specified value

 Dict={0: 'Python', 1:"C", 2: 'C++'}  Dict={0: 'Python', 1:"C", 2:

 sv = [Link](1, "HTML") 'C++'}
 print(sv)  sv = [Link](4, "HTML")
 print(Dict)  print(sv)
 print(Dict)
 C
 {0: 'Python', 1: 'C', 2: 'C++'}  HTML
 {0: 'Python', 1: 'C', 2: 'C++', 4: 'H
TML'}
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
10 update() method:
 Updates the dictionary with the specified key-value pairs
 Syntax:
 [Link]([other])

 Dict={0: 'Python', 1:"C", 2: 'C++'}

 [Link]({1: "HTML"})
 print(Dict)
 [Link]({"4": "HTML"})
 print(Dict)

 {0: 'Python', 1: 'HTML', 2: 'C++'}

 {0: 'Python', 1: 'C', 2: 'C++', '4': 'HTML'}

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
11 values() method:
 Returns a list of all the values in the dictionary

 Syntax:
 [Link]()

 Dict={0: 'Python', 1:"C", 2: 'C++'}

 print([Link]())

 dict_values(['Python', 'C', 'C++'])

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
 What will be the output of above Python code?

 d1={"abc":5,"def":6,"ghi":7}
print(d1[0])

A. Abc
B. 5
C. {"abc":5}
D. Error

 Answer: D Error
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
 Which method to be used to get following result of Python
code?

 dict={"Joey":1,"Rachel":2}
 dict.______ ({"Phoebe":2})
 print(dict)

 dict={"Joey":1,"Rachel":2,"Phoebe":2}

 [Link] ({"Phoebe":2})
Problem Solving, Programming and Python
Programming by Madhuri Shinde
 Select correct ways to create an empty dictionary

A. sampleDict = {}
B. sampleDict = dict()
C. sampleDict = dict{}

 Answer: A and B

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
 Select all correct ways to copy a dictionary in Python

A. dict2 = [Link]()
B. dict2 = dict([Link]())
C. dict2 = dict(dict1)
D. dict2 = dict1

 Answer: A, B and C

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
 Select the correct ways to get the value of marks key.
student = { "name": “Rohan", "class": 4, "marks": 75 }

A. m = [Link](2)
B. m = [Link](‘marks’)
C. m = student[2])
D. m = student[‘marks’])

 Answer: B and D

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
 Select the correct way to print Rohan’s age.
student = {1: {'name': ‘Rohan', 'age': '27’}, 2: {'name': ‘Riya',
'age': '22’}}

A. student[0][1]
B. student[1][“age”]
C. student[0][“age”]

 Answer: B

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde
 Any Queries ???

Thank you !

Mail id: mnshinde@[Link]

Problem Solving, Programming and Python

Programming by Madhuri Shinde