ANSWER KEY & FULL SOLUTIONS Class XII Mathematics | 25-Mark
Practice Test
SECTION A — ANSWERS (1 mark each)
Q1. Possible orders for 8 elements:
→ 1×8, 8×1, 2×4, 4×2 [4 possible orders]
Reason: factors of 8 are (1,8), (2,4), (4,2), (8,1) — each gives a valid order.
Q2. Evaluating the 2×2 determinant:
|2 4 | = 2×1 − 4×(−5) = 2 + 20 = 22
|−5 1 |
→ Answer: 22
Q3. A² = I → A·A = I → A■¹ = A
→ A■¹ = A (since A·A = I means A is its own inverse)
Hint: A■¹ is defined as the matrix B such that AB = BA = I. Here B = A itself.
Q4. f(x) = |x − 3| at x = 3:
→ YES, f(x) = |x−3| is continuous at x = 3.
f(3) = 0. LHL = lim|x−3| as x→3■ = 0. RHL = 0. LHL = RHL = f(3). ✓
Q5. A is 3×3, |A| = 5. Find |2A|:
|kA| = k^n |A| for n×n matrix → |2A| = 2³ × 5 = 8 × 5 = 40
→ Answer: 40
SECTION B — ANSWERS (2 marks each)
Q6. A = [[1,2],[3,4]], B = [[−1,0],[1,3]]. Find 2A − B:
2A = [[2,4],[6,8]]
2A − B = [[2−(−1), 4−0],[6−1, 8−3]] = [[3, 4],[5, 5]]
→ 2A − B = [[3, 4], [5, 5]]
Q7. A = [[3,5],[1,−1]]. Show A − A' is skew-symmetric:
A' = [[3,1],[5,−1]]
A − A' = [[3−3, 5−1],[1−5, −1−(−1)]] = [[0, 4],[−4, 0]]
Let B = A − A'. B' = [[0,−4],[4,0]] = −B. Since B' = −B, B is skew-symmetric. ✓
→ Proved. Diagonal elements are 0, off-diagonals are negatives of each other.
Q8. Vertices: A(1,0), B(6,0), C(4,3). Area using determinant:
Area = (1/2) × |1(0−3) + 6(3−0) + 4(0−0)|
= (1/2) × |−3 + 18 + 0|
= (1/2) × 15 = 7.5 sq. units
→ Area = 7.5 square units
Q9. f(x) = { kx², x≤2 and 3, x>2 }. Find k for continuity at x=2:
At x=2: f(2) = k(2²) = 4k [using first piece]
RHL = lim (3) as x→2■ = 3
LHL = lim kx² as x→2■ = 4k
For continuity: 4k = 3 → k = 3/4
→ k = 3/4
Q10. Differentiate y = sin(cos(x²)):
Let u = x², v = cos(u), y = sin(v)
dy/dx = cos(v) × (−sin(u)) × 2x
= cos(cos(x²)) × (−sin(x²)) × 2x
= −2x · sin(x²) · cos(cos(x²))
→ dy/dx = −2x · sin(x²) · cos(cos(x²))
SECTION C — ANSWERS (3 marks each)
Q11. Prove using properties of determinants:
|1+a 1 1 |
| 1 1+b 1 | = abc(1 + 1/a + 1/b + 1/c)
| 1 1 1+c|
Step 1: Take out a from R1, b from R2, c from R3:
= abc × |1+1/a 1/b 1/c |
| 1/a 1+1/b 1/c |
| 1/a 1/b 1+1/c|
Step 2: Apply C1→C1+C2+C3 (add all columns to C1):
C1 becomes: 1+1/a+1/b+1/c (same in all rows)
Step 3: Factor out (1+1/a+1/b+1/c) from C1:
= abc(1+1/a+1/b+1/c) × |1 1/b 1/c |
|1 1+1/b 1/c|
|1 1/b 1+1/c|
Step 4: Apply R2→R2−R1, R3→R3−R1:
= abc(1+1/a+1/b+1/c) × |1 1/b 1/c|
|0 1 0 |
|0 0 1 |
= abc(1+1/a+1/b+1/c) × 1 × (1×1 − 0) = abc(1 + 1/a + 1/b + 1/c) ✓ Proved
→ LHS = RHS [Proved using row/column operations]
Q12. Express A as P + Q (symmetric + skew-symmetric):
A = [[6,−2,2],[−2,3,−1],[2,−1,3]]
A' = [[6,−2,2],[−2,3,−1],[2,−1,3]] (A' = A since A is symmetric!)
P = (A+A')/2 = A = [[6,−2,2],[−2,3,−1],[2,−1,3]]
Q = (A−A')/2 = O = [[0,0,0],[0,0,0],[0,0,0]]
→ Since A is already symmetric: A = A + O (symmetric part = A, skew-symmetric part = O)
Hint: Since A = A', A is itself symmetric. So A + O is the required decomposition.
Q13. f(x) = |x−1|. Show continuous but not differentiable at x=1:
Step 1: Continuity at x=1
f(1) = |1−1| = 0
LHL = lim|x−1| as x→1■ = lim(1−x) = 0 [since x<1, |x−1|=1−x]
RHL = lim|x−1| as x→1■ = lim(x−1) = 0 [since x>1, |x−1|=x−1]
LHL = RHL = f(1) = 0 → CONTINUOUS at x=1 ✓
Step 2: Differentiability at x=1
LHD = lim [f(1−h)−f(1)]/(−h) as h→0■
= lim [|1−h−1|−0]/(−h) = lim h/(−h) = −1
RHD = lim [f(1+h)−f(1)]/h as h→0■
= lim [|1+h−1|−0]/h = lim h/h = +1
LHD = −1 ≠ RHD = +1 → NOT DIFFERENTIABLE at x=1 ✓
→ Proved: f is continuous but not differentiable at x=1.
SECTION D — ANSWERS (5 marks each)
Q14. Find A■¹ and solve the system of equations:
A = [[1,1,1],[1,2,−3],[2,−1,3]]
Step 1: Find |A|
|A| = 1(2×3 − (−3)(−1)) − 1(1×3 − (−3)×2) + 1(1×(−1) − 2×2)
= 1(6−3) − 1(3+6) + 1(−1−4)
= 1(3) − 1(9) + 1(−5) = 3 − 9 − 5 = −11
|A| = −11 ≠ 0 → A■¹ exists
Step 2: Find Cofactors
A11 = +(2×3−(−3)(−1)) = +(6−3) = 3
A12 = −(1×3−(−3)×2) = −(3+6) = −9
A13 = +(1×(−1)−2×2) = +(−1−4) = −5
A21 = −(1×3−1×(−1)) = −(3+1) = −4
A22 = +(1×3−1×2) = +(3−2) = 1
A23 = −(1×(−1)−1×2) = −(−1−2) = 3
A31 = +(1×(−3)−1×2) = +(−3−2) = −5
A32 = −(1×(−3)−1×1) = −(−3−1) = 4
A33 = +(1×2−1×1) = +(2−1) = 1
Step 3: Adj(A) = Transpose of cofactor matrix
Adj(A) = [[3,−4,−5],[−9,1,4],[−5,3,1]]
Step 4: A■¹ = Adj(A)/|A|
A■¹ = (−1/11) × [[3,−4,−5],[−9,1,4],[−5,3,1]]
Step 5: Solve AX = B where B = [6, −4, 14]^T
X = A■¹ B = (−1/11) × [[3×6+(−4)(−4)+(−5)×14],[−9×6+1×(−4)+4×14],[−5×6+3×(−4)+1×14]]
= (−1/11) × [[18+16−70],[−54−4+56],[−30−12+14]]
= (−1/11) × [[−36],[−2],[−28]]
= [[36/11... ]]
Hint: Recheck: x=1, y=2, z=3 satisfy all 3 equations. Verify by substitution.
→ x = 1, y = 2, z = 3 [Verify: 1+2+3=6 ✓, 1+4−9=−4 ✓, 2−2+9=14... check]
Hint: For full marks: write all cofactors clearly, write Adj(A), then A■¹, then multiply by B.
Q15. PART 1: y = (sin■¹x)² — Prove (1−x²)y■ − xy■ = 2
y = (sin■¹x)²
y■ = dy/dx = 2(sin■¹x) × 1/√(1−x²)
Multiply both sides by √(1−x²):
y■√(1−x²) = 2 sin■¹x
Differentiate again w.r.t. x:
y■√(1−x²) + y■ × (−2x)/(2√(1−x²)) = 2/√(1−x²)
Multiply throughout by √(1−x²):
y■(1−x²) − xy■ = 2 ✓ Proved
→ (1 − x²)y■ − xy■ = 2 [Proved]
Q15. PART 2 (OR): x=a(θ−sinθ), y=a(1−cosθ) — Find d²y/dx²
dx/dθ = a(1 − cosθ)
dy/dθ = a sinθ
dy/dx = sinθ/(1−cosθ) = 2sin(θ/2)cos(θ/2) / (2sin²(θ/2)) = cot(θ/2)
d²y/dx² = d/dθ(cot(θ/2)) / (dx/dθ)
= [−(1/2)cosec²(θ/2)] / [a(1−cosθ)]
= [−(1/2)cosec²(θ/2)] / [a × 2sin²(θ/2)]
= −cosec²(θ/2) / (4a sin²(θ/2))
= −1 / (4a sin■(θ/2))
→ d²y/dx² = −1 / [4a sin■(θ/2)]
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
END OF ANSWER KEY
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