String Manipulation
Based on CBSE Curriculum
Class -11
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Introduction
• As we know that a sequence of characters enclosed in
single quotes, double quotes or triple quotes (‘ ‘ , “ “, ‘’’
‘’’) is called a string.
• In python, strings are immutable meaning they can’t be
changed.
• In a String, each character remains at a unique position
number or index number which goes from 0 to n-1 (n is
the total number of characters in the string).
• In this chapter, we will see techniques of string
manipulation.
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String Creation
• String can be created in following ways-
1. By assigning value directly to the variable
String Literal
2. By taking Input
Input ( ) always return input in
string form.
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Traversal of a string
• Process to access each and every character of a string
for the purpose of display or for some other purpose is
called string traversal.
Output
Program to print a String after reverse -
Output
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String Operators
• There are 2 operators that can be used to work upon
strings + and *.
»+ (it is used to join two strings)
• Like - “tea” + “pot” will result into “teapot”
• Like- “1” + “2” will result into “12”
• Like – “123” + “abc” will result into “123abc”
»* (it is used to replicate the string)
• like - 5*”@” will result into “@@@@@”
• Like - “go!” * 3 will result “go!go!go!”
note : - “5” * “6” expression is invalid.
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Membership Operators in Strings
• 2 membership operators works with strings are in and not in.
To understand the working of these operators, look at the
given examples -
• in operator results into True or False. Like-
– “a” in “Sanjeev” will result into True.
– “ap” in “Sanjeev” will result into False.
– “anj” in “Sanjeev” will result into True.
• not in operator also results into True or False. Like-
– “k” not in “Sanjeev” will result into True.
– “ap” not in “Sanjeev” will result into True.
– “anj” not in “Sanjeev” will result into False.
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String Comparison Operators
• Look carefully at following examples -
• “a” == “a” True
• “abc”==“abc” True
• “a”!=“abc” True
• “A”==“a” False
• “abc” ==“Abc” False
• ‘a’<‘A’ False (because Unicode value of lower case is higher than upper case)
How to get Ordinal/Unicode Values?
• Look at following examples-
>>>ord (‘A’) >>>char(97)
65 a
>>>ord(‘a’) >>>char(65)
97 A
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String Slicing
• Look at following examples carefully-
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Word R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y
Reverse index -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
word = “RESPONSIBILITY”
word[ 0 : 14 ] will result into‘RESPONSIBILITY’
word[ 0 : 3] will result into‘RES’
word[ 2 : 5 ] will result into‘SPO’
word[ -7 : -3 ] will result into‘IBIL’
word[ : 14 ] will result into‘RESPONSIBILITY’
word[ : 5 ] will result into ‘RESPO’
word[ 3 : ] will result into ‘PONSIBILITY’
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String Functions
[Link]() Converts first character to Capital Letter
[Link]() Returns the Lowest Index of Substring
[Link]() Returns Index of Substring
[Link]() Checks Alphanumeric Character
[Link]() Checks if All Characters are Alphabets
[Link]() Checks Digit Characters
[Link]() Checks if all Alphabets in a [Link] Lowercase
[Link]() returns if all characters are uppercase characters
[Link]() Returns a Concatenated String
[Link]() returns lowercased string
[Link]() returns uppercased string
len() Returns Length of an Object
ord() returns Unicode code point for Unicode character
reversed() returns reversed iterator of a sequence
slice() [Link]()
Assignment
1. WAP to print the following pattern
1. INDIA 2. I
INDI IN
IND IND
IN INDI
I INDIA
2. WAP to search a substring from a given line of string.
3. WAP to find the length of a string.
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