Detailed ICT Notes
Introduction to ICT
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It includes computers, internet, mobile phones, television,
and communication systems used for sharing information.
Importance of ICT
ICT is used in education, banking, healthcare, business, entertainment, and communication. It helps people work
faster and communicate easily.
Computer Hardware
Hardware refers to physical parts of a computer such as monitor, keyboard, mouse, CPU, printer, and speakers.
Input Devices
Input devices are used to enter data into the computer. Examples: keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, webcam.
Output Devices
Output devices display information processed by the computer. Examples: monitor, printer, speakers, projector.
Storage Devices
Storage devices store data and programs. Examples: hard disk, pen drive, CD/DVD, memory card.
Software
Software is a set of programs and instructions that help the computer perform tasks. Types: system software and
application software.
Booting Process
Booting means starting a computer and loading the operating system into memory. Types: cold booting and warm
booting.
BIOS and POST
BIOS checks hardware during startup. POST stands for Power On Self Test and checks hardware components.
Login and Logout
Login gives secure access to the computer using username and password. Logout closes the user session safely.
Keyboard
Keyboard is an input device used for typing. It contains alphabet keys, number keys, function keys, and special keys.
Mouse
Mouse is a pointing device used to click, drag, scroll, and select objects on screen.
File and Folder
Files store information while folders organize files. Common operations include create, copy, rename, move, and
delete.
Recycle Bin
Recycle Bin temporarily stores deleted files so they can be restored later.
Computer Maintenance
Computer maintenance includes cleaning hardware, updating software, removing viruses, and proper shutdown.
Antivirus
Antivirus software protects computers from malware and viruses. Examples include Avast, Norton, and Quick Heal.
Cloud Storage
Cloud storage saves files online using internet servers. Examples: Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox.
Computer Threats
Threats include viruses, hacking, spyware, hardware damage, and unauthorized access.
Firewall
Firewall protects the network and blocks unauthorized access from hackers.
Data Backup
Backup means creating copies of important data to prevent data loss.
Important MCQs
Question Answer
What does ICT stand for? Information and Communication Technology
Which device is used for typing? Keyboard
Which software protects from viruses? Antivirus
What is booting? Starting the computer
Which storage works online? Cloud Storage