THE EFFECTS OF ONLINE LEARNING ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCEOF
GRADE 12 HUMSS STUDENTS AT ARELLANO UNIVERSITY JOSE RIZAL
CAMPUS.
A Study Presented to
Senior High School Department
Arellano University Jose
Rizal High Campus
Malabon City
In Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements for
Research Project
Researchers
Abcede, Richimae C.
Anacta Ehra
Dalanon Kevin A.
Domingo, Reine Ghericah E.
Du Remegio
Laderas Princess Avryl
Padilla, Suzanne G.
Padua Conrad
Paraiso Cheska mae
Ruga Dharryl
Research Adviser
Mr. Felinor M. Flores
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement……………………………………………….......................
Abstract…………………………………………………………….....................
Introduction
Background of the Study………………………………....................
Statement of the Problem………………………………....................
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Conceptual Framework ......................................................................
Significance of the Study……………………………….....................
Scope and Delimitation…………………………………...................
Definition of Terms...........................................................................
Methodology
Research Method.................................................................................
Research Design...................................................................................
Sampling Procedure............................................................................
Research Instrument............................................................................
Data Gathering Procedure................................................................
Results………………………………………………………………....................
Discussion…………………………………………………………......................
Conclusion…………………………………………………………..................
Recommendation…………………………………………………. ..................
References…………………………………………………………....................
Appendices
Appendix A: Letter for the Administrators……………………..........
Appendix B: Letter for the Respondents……………………………
Appendix C: Interview Questionnaire.................................................
Appendix D: Transcription of Data.................................................
Curriculum Vitae…………………………………………………….................
INTRODUCTION Background of
the Study
According to United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), online learning is education that happens over the internet. Students learn
from their home using computers or devices, and teachers teach through online platforms.
It ensures that students can continue their education and acquire knowledge even when
attending traditional school is not possible. Online learning is flexible, allowing students
to study anytime and anywhere. It uses videos, quizzes, and interactive tools to make
learning more engaging. Nowadays, online learning becomes widespread and
increasingly popular worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated
its adoption, prompting schools and universities to shift to digital platforms to continue
education while maintaining safety protocols. This shift has made education more
accessible to many students.
According to Aris Ignacio (2021), the COVID-19 pandemic sped up the use of
online learning and showed its importance as an alternative mode of education. When
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schools are closed due to pandemic protocols the traditional face-to-face classes shifted to
online classes to keep education is going. The shift to online learning showed both its
advantages and challenges. It was growing before the pandemic, and as COVID-19
spread globally, online learning became the main way students attended school
worldwide. It also led to more investments in digital tools and training to help students
and teachers adapt. Online learning has great potential, but it also needs to be accessible
and effective for everyone.
This study will explore what are the effects of online learning in
grade 12 HUMSS students' academic performance at Arellano
University Jose Rizal Campus AU-JRC, examining various aspects such
as student engagement, motivation, access to technology, quality of
instruction, and overall learning outcomes. It will also investigate the
potential challenges and benefits associated with online education, and
its influence on academic achievement, and on how various factors like
self-discipline and support systems contribute to determining students'
success within an online learning.
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Statement of the problem
This study aims to know the effects of online learning on the academic
performance of grade 12 HUMSS students at Arellano University Jose Rizal Campus.
Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions.
1. What is the demographic profile of respondents
1.1 Sex
1.2 Age
1.3 Section
2. What are the effects of online learning on the academic performance of grade 12
HUMSS students at Arellano University Jose Rizal Campus.
2.1 Positive effects
2.2 Negative effects
3. What recommendations can be given to improve the online learning for grade 12
HUMSS students at Arellano University Jose Rizal Campus.
Conceptual framework
This research study used the Input, Process, and Output (IPO) method to
systematically develop a comprehensive conceptual framework that guided the study’s
overall structure
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. What is the demographic 1. The data collection of the To know the effects of
profile of respondents respondent's demographic online learning on the
1.1 Sex profile. academic performance of
1.2 Age 2. Administering the grade 12 HUMSS students
1.3 Section research questionnaires. at Arellano University Jose
2. What are the effects of
3. Collecting the Rizal Campus.
online learning on the academic
respondent's responses.
performance of grade 12
HUMSS students at Arellano 4. Statistical analysis of the
University Jose Rizal Campus. data gathered.
2.1 Positive effects
2.2 Negative effects
3. What recommendations can
be given to improve the online
learning for grade 12 HUMSS
students at Arellano University
Jose Rizal Campus.
The conceptual framework follows the Input–Process–Output (IPO) model,
presenting a structured approach to examining how online learning affects
the academic performance of Grade 12 HUMSS students at Arellano
University Jose Rizal Campus. It begins with the Input, which focuses on
gathering demographic information, identifying the effects (positive and
negative effects) of online learning, and noting possible recommendations
for improvement. The Process outlines the research procedures, including
collecting demographic data, administering questionnaires, and performing
statistical analysis to interpret the gathered information. Lastly, the Output
highlights the study’s main objective to determine the overall impact of
online learning on the academic performance of the students, with the
arrows illustrating the logical flow from identifying key variables to analyzing
and interpreting their effects.
Scope and Delimitations
The researchers conduct this study to investigate the effects of online learning on the
academic performance on the selected grade 12 HUMSS students at Arellano University
– Jose Rizal Campus. This study seeks to understand the possible effects of the online
learning on the academic performance of the selected grade 12 HUMSS students. This
study can limited for grade 12 HUMSS students and no other strand involved. Moreover,
this study aims to contribute to the existing fields of studies toward HUMSS students'
development.
The respondents of this study are the selected grade 12 HUMSS students at Arellano
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University Jose Rizal Campus on the academic year 2025-2026. The responses of the
respondents will be collected through a survey questionnaire. The respondents will be
select purposively on each HUMSS student to prevent biases results. The researchers
choose the selected grade 12 HUMSS students to be respondent because they’re more
accessible to gather the needed data.
Significance of the Study
The study focused on the effects of online learning on the academic performance
of the grade 12 HUMSS students at Arellano University Jose Rizal Campus. Moreover,
the results of the study will be beneficial to the following:
HUMSS students. It helps the HUMSS students to have an idea and knowledge
on how online learning affects their academic performance.
Parents. This study can help parents to gain a better understanding on how to
offer appropriate support, encouragement, and resources to help their children make
informed about online learning, ultimately fostering their child's personal and
professional growth.
Teachers. This study can help teachers to provide encouragement to think ideas
that will give proper guidance to the students. Teachers can adjust their teaching methods
and strategies based on the findings of the study.
Future researchers. This would aid the future researcher to make use of this
study as the basis for improving and enhancing the problem-solving skills of the student.
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School administrators. This study can help school administrators to understand
the effects of online learning, enabling them to improve online learning practices.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are conceptually defined. Some are operationally defined by
the researchers to have a better understanding of the relevance of these terms in the
present study.
Online learning – Also known as E-learning (Electronic learning), is an alternative form
of education that delivers the lesson via the internet, allowing students to learn.
Cognitive – It refers to the mental processes such as thinking, learning, remembering,
and problem-solving that influence how we acquire, process, and use information.
HUMSS – which means (Humanities and Social Sciences) is a specialization in the
Philippine Senior High School curriculum that emphasizes subjects concerning human
behavior, society, culture, and the arts.
Researcher – A researcher is someone who conducts the research or someone who
investigates the topic.
Respondent – It is a person who participates in a study or survey by providing their
opinions, experiences, or information on a particular topic.
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Review of the Related Literature
According to Rajabalee, Santally, & Rennie (2020), one of the critical
components of the quality of online education is to ensure learner engagement. Online
education has now become an integral part of the educational landscape, where it serves
as the primary source of enrollment growth in higher education.
According to Ulum (2022) in the meta-analysis of 27 experimental studies across
7 countries, online education has a medium-sized positive effect on academic
achievement, with the effect of size remaining consistent across class levels and
countries. The study also found low publication bias, reinforcing the reliability of its
findings.
According to Akpen et al. (2024) in a systematic review following PRISMA
guidelines, which analyzed 18 peer-reviewed studies from 2019 to 2024, online learning
has mixed impacts on students that some studies reported improved performance due to
flexibility and accessibility, while others noted declines or no significant change. The
challenges included reduced engagement, feelings of isolation, and limited interaction,
though effectiveness was enhanced by quality digital tools, reliable internet access,
student motivation, and interactive elements paired with instructor-student engagement.
According to Khaled Hamdan (2020) due to the COVID-19 pandemic and
mandatory lockdowns, the education institutions transitioned from traditional in-person
instruction to online teaching. This shift presented significant challenges for both
university faculty and students, requiring the implementation of new teaching and
learning strategies to achieve positive academic results including virtual access to lectures
and resources for students, as well as updated curriculum delivery methods and
assessment tools for teachers.
METHODOLOGY
This section covers necessary information on how the research obtained and
processed the collected data for this study It specifies the study target respondents, The
research method, research design, research location and population, research instrument,
sampling procedure, validation, and the data gathering procedure.
Research Method
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The research method used in this study is quantitative research. According to
Creswell (2014), quantitative research is defined as an inquiry into a social or human
problem based on testing a theory composed of variables, measured with numbers, and
analyzed with statistical procedures. Moreover, the method given will allow the
researchers to determine the effects of using online learning on academic performance of
grade 12 HUMSS students at Arellano University Jose Rizal Campus.
Research Design
This study used a descriptive research design to examine the effects of online
learning on the academic performance of Grade 12 HUMSS students at Arellano
University Jose Rizal Campus. Descriptive design is a type of research design used to
provide a detailed account of population, situation, or phenomenon. According to John
W. Creswell (2014), descriptive research design is a method used to describe trends,
attitudes, or opinions of a population by studying a sample of that population, without
manipulating variables. This design allows the researchers to determine what are the
effects of online learning to the students’ academic performance and to describe the
patterns that emerge from their experiences.
Research Location and Population
This study was conducted at Arellano University Jose Rizal Campus, located in
Concepcion, Malabon City, where the environment and academic setting provided the
appropriate context for the research focus of the study. Additionally, the campus offered
accessible resources and a supportive academic atmosphere that contributed to the
smooth implementation of the research process and data collection. The study involved
100 respondents; all of whom were Grade 12 HUMSS students at Arellano University
Jose Rizal Campus. The sample size of 100 respondents was chosen because it is
sufficient to represent the Grade 12 HUMSS population, allows for reliable statistical
analysis, and is manageable within the time and resources of the study.
Research Instrument
The researchers used a simple survey questionnaire as the main instrument to
gather data. The written test was administered to determine the effects of online learning
on the academic performance of grade 12 HUMSS students at Arellano University Jose
Rizal Campus. The study involved 100 respondents; all of whom were Grade 12
HUMSS students. Data were collected through the face-to-face administration of the
survey questionnaire to 100 selected Grade 12 HUMSS students, ensuring the accuracy
and reliability of the responses obtained.
This study used a Likert-scale type of questionnaire to gather the respondents’
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responses. A Likert scale is a tool used to measure responses by allowing respondents to
choose from a set of options. According to Rensis Likert, a Likert scale is a
measurement tool used to assess respondents’ views, responses, and evaluations by
allowing them to indicate their level of agreement or disagreement with a set of
statements using ordered response options. The researchers used the Likert-scale type of
questionnaire to determine the overall level of agreement of the respondents regarding the
effects of online learning on their academic performance.
The research instrument consisted of two parts; the first part of the research
instrument consists of the student's profile such as their name (optional), age, sex and
section. The second part consists of an assessment checklist that includes questions to
identify the effects of online learning on the academic performance of grade 12 HUMSS
students at Arellano University Jose Rizal Campus.
Sampling Procedure
This study used Purposive sampling to obtain the target population for the
research titled “The Effects of Online Learning on the Academic Performance of
Grade 12 HUMSS Students at Arellano University – Jose Rizal Campus.” According to
Palinkas (2015), purposive sampling is a technique where researchers intentionally select
participants who are most likely to provide relevant and valuable information for the
study. The researchers use this sampling technique to gather sufficient and reliable data,
and it was chosen because the researchers were confident that the 100 selected
respondents could sufficiently answer the prepared questionnaires.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers formally requested permission from the school administration and
the class adviser to conduct the study among Grade 12 HUMSS students at Arellano
University Jose Rizal Campus. The purpose of the research was clearly explained to
the respondents to ensure their informed and voluntary participation. The researcher
gather data by giving survey questionnaire to 100 selected grade 12 HUMSS students
at Arellano University Jose Rizal Campus through face-to-face administration,
ensuring that the responses were collected directly and accurately from the
participants. The questionnaire was then distributed at a convenient time, and clear
instructions were given to help the students answer the questions properly. Once all
questionnaires were collected, the responses were carefully checked and organized.
The data were then analyzed using appropriate statistical tools such as frequency,
percentage, and mean to determine the effects of online learning on the academic
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performance of the students.
Survey questionnaire
Name (optional): Sex:
Age: Section:
Instruction: Read each statement carefully and check the option that best shows your answer; this
questionnaire is for educational purposes only.
2.1 Positive effects.
Strongly Strongly
Questions Agree Agree Disagree Disagree
1. Online learning help
me to understand the lesson clearly.
2. Online learning is more engaging
compared to face-to-face classes.
3. Online learning makes it easier for
me to keep track the deadlines of
activities.
4. Online learning is effective for
HUMSS subjects.
5. Online learning helps me develop
self-discipline in completing my
tasks.
2.2 Negative effects
Strongly Strongly
Questions Agree Agree Disagree Disagree
1. I always encounter internet/data
problems that affect my school
performance.
2. Online learning makes me feel
frustrated or stressed.
3. Online learning makes it difficult
for me to stay motivated.
4. My classmates are less cooperative
in online group work.
5. My physical health is
affected due to prolonged
screen time.
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Validation
We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to Miss Danilyn Dizon, a
professional teacher, for her invaluable support and guidance in validating our research
study. Through her expertise, she carefully analyzed the clarity, accuracy, and overall
quality of our study. We sincerely appreciate her time, effort, and professional
guidance, as her valuable insights helped ensure that the research study is well-
organized, reliable, and conducted with proper academic support.
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