B.C.
A Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
“SMART HOME AUTOMATION”
Submitted by
Diisha KV -20231BCI0098
Senha ML -20231BCI0066
Harshitha K -20231BCI0102
Archita G -20231BCI0109
Under the Guidance of :
[Link]
Assistant Professor
Department of B.C.A
School of information science
PRESIDENCY UNIVERSITY
BENGALURU
2024-25
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Department of B.C.A
School of information science
Bengaluru
Certificate
This is to certify that the project entitled “SMART HOME
AUTOMATION” has been successfully completed by Ms .Diisha KV
Ms. Senha ML Ms. Harshitha K Ms. Archita G of Fifth semester BCA
at Presidency University. Bengaluru, as the Internet Of Things project in
partial fulfilment for the award of BCA Degree course conducted by the
Presidency University. The Project Report presented here is the bonafide
work of the student.
Guide : head of
department :
[Link] [Link] Elangovan
Assistant Professor
Group members
Diisha KV 20231BCI0098
Senha ML 20231BCI0066
Harshitha K 20231BCI0102
Archita G 20231BCI0109
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Abstract
This project presents an integrated Smart Home Automation System designed
using Arduino Nano and multiple sensors to enhance security, safety, and
convenience. The system incorporates PIR motion detection, an MQ4 gas
sensor, a DHT11 temperature sensor, an LDR module, and an RFID-based
access control mechanism. Additionally, Bluetooth communication allows
manual override for controlling appliances such as a fan, light, and door servo
motor. The fan automatically activates based on motion and temperature
conditions, while lights respond to ambient brightness using the LDR sensor.
The gas sensor triggers an alert when harmful methane levels are detected.
RFID authentication ensures secure access by allowing only predefined card
UIDs to open the door. This automated multi-sensor system demonstrates an
efficient, low-cost, and scalable solution for modern smart home applications,
combining safety, energy management, and user accessibility in a single
platform.
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Acknowledgement
We are grateful to all the individuals who supported us throughout the
successful completion of our project, “Smart Home Automation by IoT.”This
project has given us great learning, satisfaction, and experience.
We express our sincere gratitude to our Head of the Department and to Prof
[Link] Elangovan Sir for their valuable guidance, encouragement, and
constant supervision. Their support and suggestions were crucial in every stage
of this project, and we deeply appreciate their dedication and mentorship.
We would also like to extend our heartfelt thanks to our parents for their
continuous cooperation, motivation, and moral support, which inspired us to
complete this project with confidence and enthusiasm.
Lastly, we thank everyone who directly or indirectly contributed to the success
of this project. Their help and guidance have been invaluable, and we truly
appreciate their support.
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Table of Contents
Certificate 1
ABSTRACT 2
Acknowledgement 3
COMPONENT SUSED 4
FEATURE OF COMPONENTS USED 4
Arduino UNO 4
PIR Sensor 4
RFID Card Reader Module 5
Temperature & Humidity Sensor 6
Bluetooth Module 6
LDR Module
LED
DC Motor
Manual Connection of the Project : 8
Code 8
README 9
FinalAssembly: 10
CONCLUSION 12
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COMPONENTS USED
Arduino UNO
PIR Sensor
RFID Card Reader Module
Temperature & Humidity Sensor
Bluetooth Module
LDR Module
LED
DC Motor
FEATURE OF COMPONENTS USED
Arduino UNO
The Arduino UNO is a widely used, beginner-friendly microcontroller board
ideal for prototyping and electronic projects. It is based on the ATmega328P
microcontroller and provides a stable, easy-to-use platform for developing
interactive and automated systems. Known for its simplicity and versatility, the
UNO offers a balanced combination of digital and analog I/O pins, making it
suitable for a wide range of applications—from basic learning experiments to
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advanced IoT and automation projects.
PIR Sensor
A PIR (Passive Infrared) Sensor is an electronic device used to detect motion
by sensing the infrared radiation emitted by humans or animals. It does not emit
any energy; instead, it passively receives IR signals from its surroundings,
making it energy-efficient and highly reliable for motion detection. When a
warm body moves within its range, the sensor identifies the change in infrared
levels and triggers an output signal.
PIR sensors are widely used in security alarms, automatic lighting systems, and
smart home applications. They feature adjustable sensitivity and delay time,
allowing flexibility based on user requirements. The sensor is easy to interface
with microcontrollers like Arduino, making it ideal for automation projects. Due
to its low power consumption and high accuracy, it is a preferred choice for
detecting human presence.
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RFID Card Reader Module
An RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Card Reader Module is a
wireless identification device used to read data stored in RFID cards or tags. It
operates using radio frequency signals and enables secure, contactless
authentication. When an RFID card is brought near the reader, the module
detects its unique ID and sends the information to a microcontroller for
verification.
Temperature & Humidity Sensor
A Temperature & Humidity Sensor is an environmental monitoring device
capable of measuring the surrounding temperature and relative humidity levels.
Sensors like the DHT11 or DHT22 use digital output signals to provide accurate
and real-time data, making them easy to interface with microcontrollers such as
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the Arduino UNO.
• Bluetooth Module
A Bluetooth Module is a wireless communication device used to establish
short-range data exchange between a microcontroller and a smartphone or other
Bluetooth-enabled devices. Modules like the HC-05 or HC-06 allow easy serial
communication, enabling users to send commands remotely to control lights,
motors, or other electronic components.
• LDR Module
An LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) Module is a light-sensing device that
changes its resistance based on the intensity of surrounding light. When the
light level decreases, the resistance increases, and when the light level is high,
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the resistance decreases. This variation allows the module to detect day-night
conditions or changes in brightness and send corresponding signals to a
microcontroller like Arduino.
LDR modules are commonly used in automatic lighting systems, street lights,
smart home applications, and energy-saving devices. They are simple to
interface, cost-effective, and highly reliable for projects requiring automatic
control based on ambient light. Their sensitivity to light makes them ideal for
tasks such as automatic light switching, security monitoring, and IoT-based
automation.
• LED
An LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a small, energy-efficient electronic component that emits light
when an electric current passes through it. LEDs are widely used in electronic circuits due to their low
power consumption, long lifespan, and quick response time. They come in various colors and sizes,
making them versatile for different applications.
• DC Motor
A DC Motor (Direct Current Motor) is an electromechanical device that
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converts electrical energy into mechanical motion. It operates on direct current
and provides smooth rotational movement, making it ideal for applications such
as fans, wheels, pumps, and automated systems. The speed and direction of a
DC motor can be easily controlled using a motor driver or microcontroller
CONNECTIONS
CODE
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>
#include <Servo.h>
#include <DHT.h>
#define PIR_PIN 2
#define DHTPIN 4
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
#define LDR_PIN 5
#define FAN_PIN 3
#define LIGHT_PIN 8
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const int gasPin = A2;
const int ledPin = 7;
#define SS_PIN 10
#define RST_PIN 9
MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);
Servo doorServo;
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
char btData;
int tempThreshold = 30;
int gasThreshold = 140;
String allowedUID = "FD AE 7 49";
unsigned long btOverrideTime = 0;
void setup() {
pinMode(PIR_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(LDR_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(FAN_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LIGHT_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
[Link](9600);
[Link]();
mfrc522.PCD_Init();
[Link](6);
[Link](0);
[Link]();
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[Link]("System Ready... Bluetooth + RFID + Sensors Active");
}
void loop() {
if ([Link]()) {
String cmd = [Link]('\n');
[Link]();
if (cmd == "FON") {
digitalWrite(FAN_PIN, HIGH);
btOverrideTime = millis();
}
if (cmd == "FOFF") {
digitalWrite(FAN_PIN, LOW);
btOverrideTime = millis();
}
if (cmd == "LON") {
digitalWrite(LIGHT_PIN, HIGH);
btOverrideTime = millis();
}
if (cmd == "LOFF") {
digitalWrite(LIGHT_PIN, LOW);
btOverrideTime = millis();
}
if (cmd == "OPEN") {
[Link](90);
btOverrideTime = millis();
}
if (cmd == "CLOSE") {
[Link](0);
btOverrideTime = millis();
}
}
if (millis() - btOverrideTime< 5000) {
return;
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}
int gasValue = analogRead(gasPin);
digitalWrite(ledPin, gasValue>gasThreshold ?HIGH : LOW);
int pirState = digitalRead(PIR_PIN);
float temperature = [Link]();
if (isnan(temperature)) {
[Link]("DHT ERROR");
temperature = 0;
}
if (pirState == HIGH && temperature >tempThreshold) {
digitalWrite(FAN_PIN, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(FAN_PIN, LOW);
}
int ldrState = digitalRead(LDR_PIN);
if (ldrState == LOW) {
digitalWrite(LIGHT_PIN, LOW);
} else {
digitalWrite(LIGHT_PIN, HIGH);
}
if (mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent() && mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial())
{
String uid = "";
for (byte i = 0; i< [Link]; i++) {
uid += String([Link][i], HEX);
if (i< [Link] - 1) uid += " ";
}
[Link]();
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[Link]("Card UID: ");
[Link](uid);
}
}
README
• Gesture Detection
Utilizes embedded flex sensors to accurately detect and interpret hand gestures.
• Wired Communication
Sends real-time gesture data to a connected microcontroller or computer system for
processing.
• Customizable Control
Supports user-defined gestures to control a wide range of devices such as robots,
home appliances, and software interfaces.
• Wearable & Lightweight
Designed as a compact and comfortable glove, enabling continuous use without
fatigue.
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Final assembly
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CONCLUSION
The Smart Gesture-Control System successfully demonstrates an
intuitive and efficient method of interacting with electronic devices
using hand movements. By integrating flex sensors, a microcontroller,
and a reliable wired communication interface, the system accurately
interprets gestures and converts them into actionable commands. The
lightweight and wearable design enhances user comfort, making it
suitable for continuous use in practical environments.
This project highlights the potential of gesture-based technology in
areas such as robotics, smart home automation, gaming, and assistive
tools for specially-abled individuals. With further improvements—such
as wireless communication, machine-learning based gesture
classification, or additional sensors—the system can be expanded into
a highly versatile human–machine interface. Overall, the project
demonstrates a promising, low-cost, and user-friendly solution for
modern gesture-controlled application.
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