Probability 1

CHAPTER
Probability 15
SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE - 15.1 8. Total number of balls = 3 + 5 = 8

\ Number of possible outcomes = 8
(i) ... There are 3 red balls.
1. (i) Probability of an event E + Probability of the
event ‘not E’ = 1. ⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 3
(ii) The probability of an event that cannot happen is 0. Number of favourable outcomes 3
∴ P(red ball) = =
Such an event is called impossible event. Number of all posssible outcomes 8
(iii) The probability of an event that is certain (ii) Probability of the ball drawn which is not red
to happen is 1. Such an event is called sure or 3 8−3 5
certain event. = 1 – P(red ball) = 1 −
= = .
8 8 8
(iv) The sum of the probabilities of all the elementary 9. Total number of marbles = 5 + 8 + 4 = 17
events of an experiment is 1. \ Number of all possible outcomes = 17
(v) The probability of an event is greater than or equal (i) Q Number of red marbles = 5
to 0 and less than or equal to 1. ⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 5
2. (i) Since the driver may or may not start the car, 5
thus the outcomes are not equally likely. \ Probability of red marbles, P(red) =
17
(ii) The player may shoot or miss the shot. (ii) Q Number of white marbles = 8
\ The outcomes are not equally likely. ⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 8
(iii) In advance it is known that the answer is to be either 8
\ Probability of white marbles, P(white) =
right or wrong. 17
(iii) Q Number of green marbles = 4
\ The outcomes right or wrong are equally likely to
\ Number of marbles which are not green = 17 – 4 =13
occur.
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 13
(iv) In advance it is known that newly born baby has to
13
be either a boy or a girl. \ Probability of marbles ‘not green’, P(not green) =
17
\ The outcomes either a boy or a girl are equally likely
to occur. 10. Number of : 50 p coins = 100, ` 1 coins = 50
` 2 coins = 20, ` 5 coins = 10
3. Since on tossing a coin, the outcomes ‘head’ and
Total number of coins = 100 + 50 + 20 + 10 = 180
‘tail’ are equally likely, the result of tossing a coin is
\ Total possible outcomes = 180
completely unpredictable and so it is a fair way.
(i) Number of favourable outcomes = 100
4. (b) : Since, the probability of an event cannot be
negative. \ 100 5
P( 50 p coins) = =
\ –1.5 cannot be the probability of an event. 180 9
(ii) Number of ` 5 coins = 10
5. Q P(E) + P(not E) = 1
\ Number of ‘not ` 5’ coins = 180 – 10 = 170
\ 0.05 + P(not E) = 1 ⇒ P(not E) = 1 – 0.05 = 0.95
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 170
Thus, probability of ‘not E’ = 0.95.
170 17
6. (i) Since there are lemon flavoured candies only in \ P(not ` 5 coin) = =
180 18
the bag.
\ Taking out orange flavoured candy is not possible. 11. Number of male fishes = 5
⇒ Probability of taking out an orange flavoured Number of female fishes = 8
candy = 0. \ Total number of fishes = 5 + 8 = 13
(ii) Probability of taking out a lemon flavoured candy = 1. ⇒ Total number of outcomes = 13
\ P(fish taken out is a male fish) = 5/13.
7. Let the probability of 2 students having same
birthday = P(SB) 12. Total number marked = 8
And the probability of 2 students not having the same \ Total number of possible outcomes = 8
birthday = P(NSB) (i) Number of favourable outcomes = 1
\ P(SB) + P(NSB) = 1 \ P(8) = Number of favourable outcomes = 1
⇒ P(SB) + 0.992 = 1 ⇒ P(SB) = 1 – 0.992 = 0.008 Total number of possiblee outcomes 8
2 100 PERCENT Mathematics Class-10
(ii) Odd numbers are 1, 3, 5 and 7. ⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 6
\ Number of odd numbers from 1 to 8 = 4 Number of favourable outcomes
\ P(red face card) =
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 4 Total number of possible outcomes
\ P (an odd number) 6 3
Number of favourable outcomes 4 1
= =
= = = 52 26
Total number of possible outccomes 8 2 (iv) Since, there is only 1 jack of hearts.
(iii) The numbers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are greater than 2. ⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 1
\ Number of numbers greater than 2 = 6 \ P(jack of hearts)
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 6 Number of favourable outcomes 1
\ P(a number greater than 2) = =
Total number of possibleoutcomes 52
Number of favourable outcomes 6 3
= = = (v) Q There are 13 spades in a pack of 52 cards.
Total number of possible outtcomes 8 4
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 13
(iv) The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are less than 9. Number of favourable outcomes
\ Number of numbers less than 9 = 8 \ P(a spade) =
Total number of possible outcomes
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 8
\ P(a number less than 9) 13 1
= =
52 4
Number of favourable outcomes 8
= = =1 (vi) Q There is only one queen of diamonds.
Total number of possible outtcomes 8
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 1
13. Since, numbers on a die are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. \ P(a queen of diamonds)
\ Number of total possible outcomes = 6
Number of favourable outcomes 1
(i) Since 2, 3 and 5 are prime numbers. = =
Total number of possible outccomes 52
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 3
P(a prime number) 15. We have five cards.
Number of favourable outcomes 3 1 \ Total number of possible outcomes = 5
= = = (i) Q Number of queens = 1
Total number of possible outcomes 6 2
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 1
(ii) Since, the numbers between 2 and 6 are 3, 4 and 5.
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 3 Number of favourable outcomes 1
\ P(a queen) = =
\ P(a number lying between 2 and 6) Total number of possible outccomes 5
Number of favourable outcomes 3 1 (ii) The queen is drawn and put aside.
= = = ⇒ Only 5 – 1 = 4 cards are left.
Total number of possible outcomees 6 2
(iii) Since 1, 3 and 5 are odd numbers. \ Total number of possible outcomes = 4
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 3 (a) There is only one ace.
\ P(an odd number) ⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 1
Number of favourable outcomes 3 1 Number of favourable outcomes 1
= \ P(an ace) = =
= = Total number of possible outco omes 4
Total number of possible outcomees 6 2
(b) Since, the only queen has already been put aside.
14. Number of cards in deck = 52
⇒ Number of possible outcomes = 0
\ Total number of possible outcomes = 52
\ P(a queen)
(i) Q Number of red colour kings = 2
[Q King of diamond and heart is red] Number of favourable outcomes 0
= = =0
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 2 Total number of possible outcoomes 4
Number of favourable outcomes 16. We have, number of good pens = 132 and number
\ P(a red king) = of defective pens = 12
Total number of possiblle outcomes
2 1 ⇒ Total number of possible outcomes = 132 + 12 = 144
= = ⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 132
52 26
(ii) Q 4 kings, 4 queens and 4 jacks are face cards. \ P(good pens)
\ Number of face cards = 12 Number of favourable outcomes 132 11
= = =
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 12 Total number of possible outccomes 144 12
Number of favourable outcomes 17. (i) Since, there are 20 bulbs in the lot.
\ P(a face card) =
Total number of possible outcomes ⇒ Total number of possible outcomes = 20
12 3 Q Number of defective bulbs = 4
= = ⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 4
52 13
(iii) Since, cards of diamond and heart are red. \ P(defective bulb)
\ There are 2 kings, 2 queens, 2 jacks i.e., 6 cards are Number of favourable outcomes 4 1
= = =
red face cards. Total number of possible outccomes 20 5
Probability 3

(ii) Q The bulb drawn above is not included in the lot. 21. Total number of ball pens = 144
\ Number of remaining bulbs = 20 – 1 = 19 ⇒ Total number of possible outcomes = 144
⇒ Total number of possible outcomes = 19 (i) Since there are 20 defective pens.
Q Number of bulbs which are not defective \ Number of good pens = 144 – 20 = 124
= 19 – 4 = 15 ⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 124
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 15 \ Probability that she will buy it = 124 = 31
\ P(not defective bulb) 144 36
(ii) Probability that she will not buy it
Number of favourable outcomes 15
= = = 1 – [Probability that she will buy it]
Total number of possible outccomes 19
18. We have, total number of discs = 90 31 36 − 31 5
= 1− = =
\ Total number of possible outcomes = 90 36 36 36
(i) Since the two-digit numbers are 10, 11, 12, ..., 90. 22. Q The two dice are thrown together.
\ Number of two-digit numbers = 90 – 9 = 81 \ Following are the possible outcomes :
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 81 {(1, 1) , (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1) , (2, 2), (2, 3),
\ P(a two-digit number) (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1) , (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
Number of favourable outcomes 81 9 (4, 1) , (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1) , (5, 2), (5, 3),
= = = (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1) , (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}.
Total number of possible outccomes 90 10
(ii) Perfect square numbers from 1 to 90 are 1, 4, 9, 16, ⇒ Total number of possible outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36
25, 36, 49, 64 and 81. (i) (a) Q The sum on two dice is 3 for: (1, 2) and (2, 1)
\ Number of perfect squares = 9 \ Number of favourable outcomes = 2 ⇒ P(3) = 2/36
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 9 (b) Q The sum on two dice is 4 for :
\ P(a perfect square number) (1, 3), (2, 2) and (3, 1).
Number of favourable outcomes 9 1 \ Number of favourable outcomes = 3 ⇒ P(4) = 3/36
= = = (c) Q The sum on two dice is 5 for :
Total number of possible outccomes 90 10
(1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2) and (4, 1)
(iii) Numbers divisible by 5 from 1 to 90 are 5, 10, 15, 20, \ Number of favourable outcomes = 4 ⇒ P(5) = 4/36
25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90 (d) Q The sum on two dice is 6 for :
i.e., There are 18 numbers from 1 to 90 which are divisible (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2) and (5, 1)
by 5. \ Number of favourable outcomes = 5 ⇒ P(6) = 5/36
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 18 (e) Q The sum on two dice is 7 for :
\ P(a number divisible by 5) (1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2) and (6, 1)
Number of favourable outcomes 18 1 \ Number of favourable outcomes = 6 ⇒ P(7) = 6/36
= = =
Total number of possible outccomes 90 5 (f) Q The sum on two dice is 9 for :
19. Since there are six faces of the given die and these (3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4) and (6, 3)
faces are marked with letters A, B, C, D, E and A. \ Number of favourable outcomes = 4 ⇒ P(9) = 4/36
\ Total number of letters = 6 (g) Q The sum on two dice is 10 for :
⇒ Total number of possible outcomes = 6 (4, 6), (5, 5) and (6, 4)
(i) Q Two faces are having the letter A. \ Number of favourable outcomes = 3 ⇒ P(10) = 3/36
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 2 (h) Q The sum on two dice is 11 for : (5, 6) and (6, 5)
\ P(getting letter A) \ Number of favourable outcomes = 2 ⇒ P(11) = 2/36
Number of favourable outcomes 2 1 Thus, the complete table is as under:
= = =
Total number of possible outccomes 6 3 Event: ‘Sum on 2 dice’ Probability
(ii) Q Only one face is having the letter D. 2 1/36
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 1
3 2/36
\ P(getting letter D)
Number of favourable outcomes 1 4 3/36
= =
Total number of possible outccomes 6 5 4/36
20. Here, area of the rectangle = 3 m × 2 m = 6 m2 6 5/36
2
1 π
And, the area of the circle = πr 2 = π   m 2 = m 2 7 6/36
2 4
\ Probability for the die to fall inside the circle 8 5/36
Area of the favourable region 9 4/36
=
Area of the whole region 10 3/36
π 11 2/36
Area of the circle 4 π 1 π
= = = × = 12 1/36
Area of the rectangle 6 4 6 24
4 100 PERCENT Mathematics Class-10
(ii) No, the number of all possible outcomes is 36 (Sat., Fri.), (Wed., Tue.), (Thu., Wed.), (Fri., Thu.)}
not 11. ⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 8
\ The argument is not correct. 8
\ Required probability =
23. All the possible outcomes are: 25
{HHH, HHT, HTT, TTT, TTH, THT, THH, HTH} (iii) We have probability for both visiting on same day
\ Number of all possible outcomes = 8 1
Let the event that Hanif will lose the game be denoted =
5
by E. \ Probability for both visiting on different days
\ Favourable outcomes are: = 1 – [Probability for both visiting on the same day]
{HHT, HTH, THH, THT, TTH, HTT}
1 5−1 4
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 6 = 1− = =
5 5 5
\ P(E) = 6 = 3 4
8 4 \ The required probability = .
5
24. Since, throwing a die twice or throwing two dice
2. The completed table is as under:
simultaneously is the same.
\ All possible outcomes are: + 1 2 2 3 3 6
{(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), 1 2 3 3 4 4 7
(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), 2 3 4 4 5 5 8
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), 2 3 4 4 5 5 8
(5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)} 3 4 5 5 6 6 9
\ Total number of possible outcomes = 36 3 4 5 5 6 6 9
(i) Let E be the event that 5 does not come up either 6 7 8 8 9 9 12
time.
Number of favourable outcomes = [36 – (5 + 6)] = 25 \ Number of all possible outcomes = 36
(i) For total score being even :
\ P(E) = 25
36 Favourable outcomes = 18
(ii) Let N be the event that 5 will come up at least once, [Q The even outcomes are: 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 8, 4, 4, 8, 4, 6, 6, 4,
then number of favourable outcomes = 5 + 6 = 11 6, 6, 8, 8, 12]
\ P( N ) = 11 \ The required probability =
18 1
=
36 36 2
25. (i) Given argument is not correct. Because, if two (ii) For the total score being 6 :
coins are tossed simultaneously then four outcomes are In list of scores, we have four 6’s.
possible {HH, HT, TH, TT}. So total number of outcomes \ Number of favourable outcomes = 4
is 4.
4 1
\ The probability of each of these outcomes = 1/4. \ Required probability = =
36 9
(ii) Correct. Because the two outcomes are possible. (iii) For the total score being at least 6:
Total number of outcomes = 6 and odd numbers = 3 and The favourable scores are : 7, 8, 8, 6, 6, 9, 6, 6, 9, 7, 8, 8, 9,
even numbers = 3. 9 and 12
So, number of favourable outcomes = 3 (in both the cases ⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 15
even or odd ).
15 5
3 1 \ Required probability = =
\ P(getting an odd number) = = 36 12
6 2
3. Let the number of blue balls in the bag be x.
EXERCISE - 15.2
\ Total number of balls = x + 5
Number of possible outcomes = (x + 5)
1. Here, total number of possible outcomes = 5 × 5 = 25
For a blue ball, number of favourable outcomes = x
(i) Outcomes for both customers visiting on same day
are : x
\ Probability of drawing a blue ball =
{(Tue., Tue.), (Wed., Wed.), (Thu., Thu.), (Fri., Fri.), x+5
5
(Sat., Sat.)} Similarly, probability of drawing a red ball =
x+5
Number of favourable outcomes = 5
x  5 
5 1 Now, we have = 2
\ Required probability = = x+5  x + 5 
25 5
(ii) Outcomes for both the customers visiting on x 10
⇒ = ⇒ x = 10
consecutive days are : x+5 x+5
{(Tue., Wed.), (Wed., Thu.), (Thu., Fri.), (Fri., Sat.), Thus, the required number of blue balls is 10.
Probability 5

4. Q The total number of balls in the box = 12 ⇒ 12 (x + 6) = 36x ⇒ 12x + 72 = 36x

\ Total number of possible outcomes = 12 72
⇒ 36x – 12x = 72 ⇒ 24x = 72 ⇒ x = =3
Case I: For drawing a black ball 24
Number of favourable outcomes = x Thus, the required value of x is 3.
x 5. Q There are 24 marbles in the jar.
\ Probability of getting a black ball = \ Total number of possible outcomes = 24
12
Case II: When 6 more black balls are added Let there are x blue marbles in the jar.
Now, the total number of balls = 12 + 6 = 18 \ Number of green marbles = 24 – x
⇒ Total number of possible outcomes = 18 ⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = (24 – x)
\ Required probability for drawing a green marble
Now, the number of black balls = (x + 6).
24 − x
\ Number of favourable outcomes = (x + 6) =
24
x+6 24 − x 2
\ Required probability = Now, according to the condition, we have =
18 24 3
According to the given condition, ⇒ 3(24 – x) = 2 × 24 ⇒ 72 – 3x = 48
24
x+6  x ⇒ 3x = 72 – 48 ⇒ 3x = 24 ⇒ x = =8
= 2  3
18  12  Thus, the required number of blue marbles is 8.
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