The Maurya School, Palam Vihar, Gurugram

Academic Session: 2026-2027

Class: VI
Subject: Computer

Name: __________________

Class/Section: ____________

1
 INDEX
[Link]. TOPICS PAGES

Chapter -1
1. 1-18
Introduction to AI
Chapter-2
2. 19-28
Ethics and Digital Responsibility
Project – 1
3. Animation and Games 29-47
Using Scratch
Chapter-3
4. 48-60
Basic Data Concepts
Chapter-4
5. Simple Pattern Recognition and 61-68
Decision Making
Project – 2
6. Create an Invitation Card 69-76
Using Canva

2
 Chapter 1
Introduction to AI

What is Intelligence?
Intelligence is a term that opens a room for discussions since it involves the ability
to learn, think, understand, solve problems, and apply knowledge effectively. It
is not just a cognitive skill, but a combination of many mental abilities. The level
of intelligence differs in humans and animals in different ways based on how they
perceive and behave. Therefore, it can be defined as the ability to use knowledge,
interpretation, and insight to do any task successfully. It also includes the ability
to adapt to new situations and make appropriate decisions based on experience.

Intelligence can be classified into several different types based on how individuals
think, learn, and interact with the world. Some of them are explained here:

• The Class Leader (Interpersonal Intelligence)

This is a student who naturally brings people together

during a group project. When two classmates cannot
agree on what to do, this person steps in and says
something like, “Tom, you’re great at drawing, so you
can make the poster. Jerry, you found the best information
online, so you can write the report.” The student
understands how others feel, communicate well, and
helps the team work smoothly.

• The Nature Lover (Naturalistic Intelligence)

This student is the one who, on a field trip to the garden,

while everyone else is running around, huddled down
over a long line of ants carrying a large leaf. He is aware
of different types of plants and can even tell you which
birds sing. The student is smart in the way they make
sense of the natural world around them.

1
 • The Daydreamer (Intrapersonal Intelligence)
This student is self-aware. Before a big test, rather than
panicking like everyone else, they might say to
themselves, I know I get distracted by noise so I’m going
to put on my headphones. I also remember things better if
I draw little pictures next to my notes. He understands his
own feelings and knows how is learn in the best positive
manner.

What is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the field of computer science that makes machines
intelligent, enabling machines to perform tasks that usually require human
intelligence. These machines can conduct complex thinking processes such as data
analysis, pattern recognition, prediction of trends, solving problems, and decision-
making by using data and learning from experience. AI systems are designed to
learn, adapt, and improve their performance over a period of time.
Computing and Intelligence are the two important terms that help us understand
the concepts of Artificial Intelligence.

Computing is all about using computers to conduct mathematical, logical, or

relational calculations. Intelligence involves learning, reasoning, decision -
making, and adapting to new situations. When these two concepts are combined
together, then it forms an AI, which enables machines to simulate human
intelligence and assist in decision-making.

History of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence has developed from simple rule-based programs into
powerful systems capable of learning, reasoning, and creating.

Here’s a brief journey through its evolution:

2
Ancient ideas of Intelligent Machines
Long before computers existed, people built simple machines
called automatons which were created using water, gears, and
levers. These simple machines could perform fixed tasks
repeatedly but could not learn from previous experience or data.
Although these machines were not truly intelligent, those days
these simple machines helped shape the idea of making a
machine that can think and make decisions in future.
One famous example is of the mechanical water clock used in ancient Egypt and
Greece, which used the flow of water to operate levers and gears.

Alan Turing and Machine Intelligence

The theory of intelligent machines began in the 1940s, and one
of the significant contributions was from the great
mathematician, Alan Turing. He asked a question, “Can
machines think?” which inspired many researchers to explore
intelligent computing.
Turing further introduced the Turing Test, a method to calculate machine intelligence.
This test would state whether a machine can perform in such a way that a person
cannot tell whether they are talking to a machine or a human being. Alan Turing’s
ideas laid a strong foundation for Artificial Intelligence, that shaped the
development of AI systems that are widely used today in applications such as
search engines, voice assistants, and recommendation systems.
3
 Birth of AI
In 1956, Dartmouth held the first Artificial Intelligence Summer Research Project.
This was the first step toward AI. John McCarthy, a computer science professor
at Stanford University who is known as the ‘Father of Artificial Intelligence,’
came up with the word Artificial Intelligence to describe the field of science and
engineering that makes tools, especially computer programs, that can think for
themselves. At this time, scientists started to make computers that could solve
problems and play simple games. However, AI progress halted in the 1980s and
1990s due to slow processors, limited memory, and high cost. This period was
referred to as the AI Winter.

Founding Fathers of Artificial Intelligence

1956 is the year associated with the birth of AI. Some of the most notable scientists
who made important contributions include John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky,
Claude Shannon, Herbert A. Simon, and Alan Newell. Their contribution
includes their work in problem-solving, machine learning, and computational
theory that laid the foundation for modern AI systems. These researchers are
known to develop early AI programs and explore how machines could ignite
human thinking and decision-making.

4
Modern Artificial Intelligence
The 2000s witnessed significant growth in technology, which made computers
faster, cheaper, and more powerful. By now, AI systems could store and process
a large amount of data. Instead of following only set rules, AI systems began to
learn patterns from data and improve their performance over time. Modern AI
systems can now recognize images, understand speech, and make simple
decisions.

AI in our Daily Lives

AI has become an important part of our daily lives. AI technology is used in many
ways, most of the time people don’t even know it. AI helps make our tasks easier,
faster, and more efficient by enabling machines and applications to learn, analyse
data, and make smart decisions.
The following images illustrate a few real-life examples of AI in daily life.

• Smart Home Devices: There are smart lights that change colour and
intensity based on time, smart thermostats that change the temperature based
on your preferences, AI- based vacuum cleaners, and much more.
• Smartphones: Whether you realise it or not, if you use a smartphone, you are
interacting with AI. AI has immense impact on our lives, from the obvious
features like the integrated smart assistants to the less obvious ones like the
camera's portrait mode.

5
 For example, you may know that voice assistants, food apps, and reservation
portals are based on AI. However, many people do not realize that AI also
works behind features like portrait mode in smartphones. Have you ever
wondered how your phone takes such impressive portrait photos? The
answer is, surprisingly, AI.
• Banking and Finance: Artificial intelligence is heavily used in the banking
and finance sector for tasks like customer service, fraud prevention,
investment, and more. An easy illustration is the automated emails you get
from banks whenever there is an unusual transaction. That is AI keeping an
eye on your account and attempting to alert you to any fraud.

• Healthcare: AI-powered systems have made it much easier to find and

diagnose diseases. AI also helps doctors plan treatments and take care of their
patients. Hospitals and other healthcare facilities are therefore gradually
using technologies that are powered by AI to ease everything from research
to the detection of diseases.

• E-Commerce: AI in e-commerce makes the shopping experience more

personalized and easier. It suggests products you may like, makes personal
recommendations, and helps through virtual assistants and chatbots. Each of
these features saves time, guides customers, and makes online buying
simpler and more convenient.

• Security and Monitoring: AI helps make security systems faster and more
efficient. It can detect unusual activities, recognize faces, and identify objects
like unattended bags. It also sends alerts and helps control access through
smart systems, allowing quick response to security situations.

• Video Games: AI is used in some video games to improve computer players'

abilities to play. In games such as chess, the computer can play against
humans by studying the moves and choosing the best ones. These games
need planning and careful thinking. When a computer plays well, it shows
that AI can ‘think’, ‘make decisions’, and ‘solve problems’ just like
a human player.

6
• Drones and Smart Cars: The use of AI in smart cars and drones is one of
the most noticeable examples of modern technology. Using a fully automatic
self-driven car was once only a dream, but thanks to advancements made by
the self-driven car companies, we now have a fleet of automatic vehicles on
the road. Remember that successful drone programs are already being used
by the defence forces across the world.

• Smart Features in Scanning Apps: AI-powered image recognition devices

use advanced technology to identify objects captured by a camera, such as
shoes, plants, or text, and provide useful information about them. With the
help of Optical Character Recognition (OCR), users can easily extract text
from scanned images of books or even hand-written documents. AI also
improves features like smart cropping and edge detection in scanning apps.

• Search Engines: Finding information online is one of the most basic internet
activities. Search engines help users quickly find the information they need.
What makes search engines so effective is Artificial Intelligence? AI helps
analyse search queries and provides the most relevant results. Whenever you
search for information online, you are using AI technology.

Understanding what is not ‘AI’

Artificial intelligence is used in a number of ways in our daily lives. But do all
smart machines use AI? The answer is no! Some machines only follow fixed
instructions. This brings us to the difference between Automation and Artificial
Intelligence.
Automation machines do not think or learn. Instead, they just do what they are
programmed to do and producing the same outcome every time. On the other
hand, Artificial Intelligence machines can not only think and learn from data but
also make decisions.

For example,
A microwave oven heats food for a set time, or a traffic light system changes at
fixed intervals. They are smart in doing tasks, but they do not think or learn.

7
 Automation Artificial Intelligence
1. Works on fixed rules and present 1. Works by learning from data
instructions
2. Does not think or learn 2. Can think, learn, and improve
3. Same input gives same output 3. Output may differ as it learns
every time continuously
4. Cannot manage new situations 4. Can manage new and unfamiliar
situations
5. Human intervention is needed for 5. Can adjust its behaviour on its
changes own
6. Example: Traditional Washing 6. Example: Voice Assistance, Face
Machine, Standard Traffic recognition
Signals

Human Intelligence and Machine Intelligence

The ability of AI-powered machines to think and learn raises a question: how is the
intelligence shown by these powerful machines different from human
intelligence? Understanding this lets us compare human intelligence with
machine intelligence.

Human Intelligence Machine Intelligence

1. Human Intelligence develops 1. Machine Intelligence is created
naturally through biological using algorithms and learns
evolution and experience. patterns from data through
training.
2. Learns from experience, senses, 2. Learns from data, algorithms,
emotions, and reasoning. and pre-defined rules.
3. Highly adaptable to new and 3. Limited adaptability, depends on
unpredictable situations. programming and data.
4. Capable of original thought, 4. Relatively limited creativity,
creativity, and imagination. mostly follows patterns and data.
5. It can perceive and respond to 5. Lacks true emotional
emotions. understanding, simulates
responses.
6. Slower processing speed, prone 6. Faster processing speed, high
to errors. accuracy in many tasks.
7. Has self-awareness and 7. No consciousness or self-
consciousness. awareness.

8
How does AI learn?
AI systems become intelligent because they can learn from the data. Data means
information such as pictures, text, numbers, or sounds. AI studies this data to find
patterns and improve its performance. Data may be labelled or unlabelled.
 Labelled data means the data already has a predefined label or tag assigned
to it.
 Unlabelled data means the data does not have any labels or tags assigned.

Let’s say a teacher collects students’ notebooks after a test in a class.

• If every book has the student’s name written on it, the teacher knows whose
book it is. This is like labelled data because each book already has the correct
label (the student’s name).
• If the books do not have names written on them, the teacher has to figure out
whose book it is by looking at the handwriting or answers. This is like
unlabelled data because there is no label to tell the correct owner.

What is Machine Learning (ML)?

The ability of AI to learn from data is called Machine Learning (ML). It is a

branch of AI that enables machines to learn from data and improve their
performance over time without being explicitly programmed for every task. In
ML, algorithms are used to create models, which are trained using data. Machine
Learning is mainly divided into three types.
The three fundamental concepts of Machine Learning are:
o Supervised learning
o Unsupervised learning
o Reinforcement learning

9
1. Supervised learning
Supervised learning is a type of machine learning where the machines learn from
data that already has correct answers. The model learns the relationship between
input data and their related output data, allowing it to make accurate predictions
on new data. In this approach, the data provided to the model already includes the
correct answers, enabling it to recognize patterns that lead to those answers. It is
one of the simplest types of machine learning to implement and powers many
modern applications.
Supervised Learning (Uses labelled data)
1. Email spam detection: Classifying emails as spam or not spam.
2. Image recognition: Identifying objects like cats, dogs, or cars in pictures.
3. House price prediction: Predicting house prices based on size, location,
and features.
1. Handwritten digit recognition: Recognizing numbers written by hand
(like in bank checks).
2. Medical diagnosis: Predicting diseases based on patient data and symptoms.
Key Concepts:

This diagram shows supervised learning. First, labelled data with different
shapes (such as triangles, diamonds, squares, and circles) is used to train a
model. Each shape has a correct label, helping the model learn how to tell them
apart. After training, the model is given new data without labels. It uses what it
has learned to identify the shapes and predict the correct labels. This shows how
a trained model can classify new data based on patterns it has already learned.

10
2. Unsupervised learning
Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning in which machines study data
to identify hidden patterns, structures, or groupings. In this approach, the model
learns from the patterns in data without any predefined labels or outputs.
Unlike supervised learning, unsupervised learning does not provide definite
guidance or correct answers to the model. Instead, the model independently
explores the data to discover meaningful patterns and relationships. It is
commonly used for tasks such as clustering similar data points and detecting
anomalies in datasets.
Unsupervised Learning (Uses unlabelled data)
1. Customer Segmentation: Grouping customers with similar buying habits.
2. Market Basket Analysis: Finding products that customers often buy together.
3. Document Clustering: Grouping similar articles or news topics.
4. Anomaly Detection: Detecting unusual transactions in banking or fraud detection.
5. Social Network Analysis: Finding communities or groups with similar interest
Key Concepts:

This diagram shows unsupervised learning. In this approach. In this method,

the model is trained on unlabelled data, such as various shapes. Since there are
no specified labels, the model learns by finding patterns and similarities in the
data. It then organizes comparable objects into clusters. When new data is
introduced, the model assigns it to the most appropriate group based on
patterns it has learned. This method is widely used for clustering and learning
hidden patterns in data.

11
3. Reinforcement learning
Reinforcement learning (RL) is based on trial and error. In this type of learning,
machines learn by constantly searching for new and innovative approaches to
solve a problem and improve the methods that maximize the defined reward. This
type of learning is frequently used in robotics and gaming.
For example, a chess program based on RL learns by experimenting with several
moves without knowing which one is the best. When it makes a successful move
or wins a game, it receives a reward, and when it makes a wrong move or loses,
it receives a penalty. By repeatedly playing and learning from rewards and
penalties, the program gradually improves its strategy and learns how to play the
game better.

Reinforcement Learning (Learning through rewards and penalties)

1. Game-playing AI: Learning to play chess, Go, or video games.
2. Self-driving cars: Learning safe driving decisions.
3. Robot navigation: Robots learning how to move through obstacles.
4. Recommendation Systems improvement: Improving suggestions
based on user feedback.
Key Concepts:

12
 This diagram shows Reinforcement Learning, a form of machine learning, where
a system learns by trial and error.
What happens is, first, the data system gets some data. Now, within this process
we have two key components: the agent and the environment. The agent is the
learner or decision- maker, and the environment holds everything in it.
The agent observes the current situation (referred to as the state) and takes an
action. After this action, the environment will provide feedback. This feedback
is either a reward (good action) or no reward or reduced reward (not so good
action). The new situation is visible in the environment too.
The agent then modifies or improves its decision for the next time based on the
reward it gets. As the agent continues to repeat this process over and over, it
gradually learns which actions are most optimal. This process eventually allows
it to make the right decision, such as correctly selecting or identifying a square,
circle, triangle, or diamond.

Points to remember:
✓ Intelligence is the ability to learn, think, and solve problems.
✓ Not all automated machines use Artificial Intelligence.
✓ AI learns from data using Machine Learning.
✓ AI improves its performance over time through experience and feedback.
✓ There are three types of Machine Learning: Supervised,
Unsupervised, and Reinforcement.

13
 PRACTICE WORKSHEET
Activity: Birthday Card
This activity provides pre-designed templates or layouts that can be customized with your
preferred text, images, and colors. This can be helpful for those who are not skilled in
graphic design or simply want a quick and easy way to create a visually appealing birthday
card.

Example of a Birthday Card

Step 1: Go to [Link]

Step 2: Create a blank template for the birthday card

14
Step 3: Use the "AutoDraw" tool to design your card

Step 4: Draw a cake using the "AutoDraw" tool

Step 5: Click and try out the suggestions by AutoDraw!

15
Step 6: Design the rest of the card using AutoDraw!

16
 KNOWLEDGE CHECK

A. Multiple Choice Questions.

1. What is labelled data?
a) Data without any tags b) Data with predefined labels or tags
c) Random data d) Incorrect data
2. Who introduced the Turing Test?
a) John McCarthy b) Alan Turing
c) Charles Babbage d) Isaac Newton
3. In supervised learning, data is:
a) Unlabelled b) Random
c) Labelled d) Deleted
4. Predicting exam marks based on the trained data uses:
a) Supervised Learning b) Unsupervised Learning
c) Reinforcement Learning d) All of the above
5. Which of the following is not AI?
a) Voice assistant b) Face recognition
c) Traditional traffic signal d) Smart chatbot

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. Intelligence includes the ability to learn and ___________problems.
2. AI is a technique to make intelligent_____________________.
3. Automation works on fixed _____________and preset instructions.
4. Unsupervised learning is mainly used for ________________.
5. Machine Learning allows machines to learn from ___________________.

C. Short answer questions.

1. Define intelligence in your own words.

_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Name the three types of Machine Learning.

_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

17
 3. State two differences between automation and AI.

_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. What is reinforcement learning?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Give two examples of AI used in daily life.

_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
D. Think and apply.
Identify the Type of Machine Learning

Scenario Type of Learning

Grouping customers based on shopping
habits without label
Predicting house prices based on past
labelled data
A game AI improving after winning or losing
Sorting emails into spam and not spam

E. Classify the following as AI or Automation.

Example AI or Automation?
Traffic light changing at fixed intervals
Face Recognition System
Washing machine with preset timer
Voice assistant answering questions

18
 Chapters 2
Ethics and Digital Responsibility
Technology is everywhere around us. It helps us learn, communicate and explore
the world. But think for a moment.
When we cross a road, do we just run across? No, we look both ways.
When we are in school, do we shout in the classroom? Of course not. We follow rules.
In the same way, when we use the internet and digital devices, we must also
behave responsibly. Being careful, respectful and honest while using technology
is called Digital responsibility.

Before we begin, let us consider a few important questions:

• What does it mean to behave properly online?

• How can we stay safe on the internet?
• Why are passwords so important?
• What happens to the information we share online?
• Let us begin our journey into the world of Ethics and Digital Responsibility.

Responsible Use of Technology

Technology is used in many aspects of our daily life, such as communication,

education, entertainment, and financial transactions. Technology makes many
things easier.
Examples:
o Students can learn difficult subjects by watching educational videos.
o Families who live in different cities can talk and see each other through video
calls.
o A cell phone makes it easy to contact the police or doctors in an emergency.

We need to follow rules when we use technology, just like we do when we drive.
The Internet can be useful, but it can also be dangerous if we are not careful.
Being responsible with technology means thinking before you click, being careful
about what you share, and being respectful to other people online.
When we use technology in a wise and polite way, we become responsible Digital
Citizens. Who know how to keep ourselves and others safe.

19
 What is Ethics?

Ethics means knowing what is right and wrong and choosing to do what is right.
Think about your everyday life.
If you find a lost pencil box in class, what should you do? Return it to the
owner, right? If your friend is upset, do you laugh at him or try to help?
Most of us try to help.
These choices show ethical behaviour.
Ethics refers to the principles that help us distinguish between right and wrong
and guide us to make responsible choices.

Ethical behaviour includes honesty, respect for others, and taking responsibility for
one’s actions.

Ethical Use of Technology

Computer Ethics is the set of rules that we must follow while using computers
for various purposes. These rules prohibit misusing or accessing information that
belongs to others. The importance of understanding computer ethics has grown
because of problems like cybercrimes, plagiarism, hacking, and password thefts.
Computer ethics provides a secure computing environment.

Internet Safety: A Case Study

Meet Arjun and His Digital Disaster
Arjun was a student in Class 6. He loved using the computer and believed he knew
everything about it.
One day, his teacher gave the class a project on Save Water. Arjun wanted to finish
it quickly so he could play games. He searched on the Internet, found a good essay,
copied it, changed a few words, and submitted it.
“Done! Now I can play games,” he said happily.
The Next Day
Arjun received an email. It looked like it came from his favourite
gaming website. The email said:
‘CONGRATULATIONS ARJUN!
You have won a free game. Click here to claim it now.’
Arjun became extremely excited.

20
 “A free game? That is amazing!” he said.
Without thinking much, he clicked the link.
Suddenly, an advertisement popped up on his screen.
‘WARNING! Your computer has a virus. Click here to scan your computer
for free.’
Arjun just wanted the message to disappear, so he clicked again.

One Week Later…

When Arjun turned on his computer, something was wrong. The computer was
terribly slow. He opened his project folder. It was empty. All his files were
gone. Even worse, strange messages had been posted from his social media
account.
Arjun realised that he had made some serious mistakes while using the Internet.

Think About It
What mistakes did Arjun make?
Let us find out what mistakes Arjun made and learn how to stay safe while using
the Internet. Some of these problems occur because of certain unethical
practices on the internet.

Unethical practices prevalent in society, related to internet:

1. Plagiarism: Plagiarism is the act of copying

or making minor modifications to a sentence or
paragraph without referring the original author.
Steps to prevent Plagiarism:
 Always get a formal approval from the original author
 Always acknowledge and give proper credit to the original author
 Use quotation marks when copying exact text
 Try to express ideas in your own words

2. Hacking: Hacking refers to the unauthorized

access to computer systems or networks with the
intention of stealing, modifying, or misusing data.
Steps to prevent Hacking:
 Install firewall, antivirus and scan your hard
disk drives periodically.

21
  Never share your password and always keep a strong password that should
contain numbers, special characters, small letters, capital letters, and keep
changing it periodically.
 Do not click on any ads that claim to scan viruses on your computer.
 Hackers often look for an open Bluetooth signal to gain access to your
computers, so avoid keeping Bluetooth on unnecessarily and be careful
while using public Wi-Fi.

3. Phishing: Phishing is an illegal attempt to obtain

confidential information, such as usernames,
passwords, bank details, and credit card details. This
is done by sending fake emails, text messages or
creating websites that look like they are from
authentic companies. This type of attack is also
known as spoofing.
Steps to prevent Phishing:
 Do not click on suspicious links or attachments in emails or messages.
 Check the sender’s email address carefully before replying.
 Be careful of messages asking for urgent personal or bank information.

4. Spamming: Spamming is one of the most

common methods of sending unwanted junk mail, or
messages from unauthorized people. It involves the
mass distribution of junk messages, advertisements,
or inappropriate content to email accounts through
social networking sites, commercial websites, or
personal blogs.
Steps to prevent Spamming:
 Do not click on suspicious pop-up ads or links.
 Avoid sharing your email address on unknown websites.
 Use spam filters to block unwanted emails.
 Do not respond to or open emails from unknown senders.

5. Individual rights to privacy: Individual

right to privacy refers to the right that you are given
to access your personal information and how it is

22
used. Privacy is a concern that occurs when personal
information is obtained, shared, or used without the
approved person’s consent.
Steps to protect privacy:
 Limit posting pictures and unnecessary sharing of information on social media.
 Never give out any of your password and bank details.
 Beware that any important or personal information that you provide may
be shared, so it is best to read the privacy policy before signing up for an
app or service.
6. Software Piracy: Software Piracy is the
unauthorized copying, sharing, modification, or use
of software. Software piracy is illegal and a
punishable offense.
Steps to stop software Piracy:
 Purchase your own licensed software copy.
 Do not make and distribute the copies of the software.
 Download software only from official companies.

7. Intellectual property rights: Authors, inventors,

and artists turn their ideas into a valuable creation called
intellectual property. Under the law of intellectual
property, the owner is given exclusive right over the use
of his/her creation for a certain period of time.
Intellectual property is a field of law that aims to protect
the creator's hard work while avoiding misuse and illegal
piracy.
Steps to protect Intellectual property rights:
 Keep business ideas and trade secrets confidential until secured.
 Apply for a trademark for your business name and logo.
 Copyright your work to prevent unauthorized use.
 Patent your inventions to take legal action if someone uses them without
permission.

8. Digital Footprint
Have you ever walked on sand at the beach? When you walk, your footprints stay
on the sand for some time. In the same way, when you use the internet, you leave
digital footprints.

23
Digital footprints contain all the records of your online activity,
including your feedback on news stories, social media posts, and
online shopping records. You create a digital trail each time you
post something online, share content, or when a website collects
your information by installing cookies on your computer. It may
include your IP address, email details, and other sensitive
information you are sharing online. Data shared about you by others
may also be added to your digital record.
Types of Digital Footprints
1. Active digital footprints: Active digital footprints consist of the data you
leave when making intentional online choices.
Examples of digital footprints in action:
 Finding any information or posting on the internet creates digital footprints
 Fill out online forms, for example, when you sign up to receive emails or texts
 Agreeing to install cookies on your computers when a browser requests them

2. Passive digital footprints:

Passive digital footprints are those you leave behind unintentionally or
unknowingly.
Examples of passive digital footprints:
 Web sites that install cookies on your device without your knowledge.
 Apps and websites using location data to identify where you are located.
 Social media news and companies use your likes, shares, and comments
and deliver ads based on your interests.
 Sometimes it may feel like your phone is listening to you because you see
ads about things you talked about. This usually happens because apps use
your online activity and interests to show ads.

Steps to protect your digital footprints:

 Before posting anything online, ask yourself if it is something you want
everyone to see.
 Avoid giving out your full name, home address, phone number, or school
to strangers online.
 Use social media privacy settings to decide who can view your posts.
 Do not share photos, messages, or information about someone else
without their consent.

24
 Importance of Good Digital Behaviour

Good digital behaviour helps you stay safe and be respectful online
1. Never share any personal information with strangers through email or any
chat window without your parent’s permission.
2. Do not share your password with anyone except your parents. When
using a public computer, make sure you log out of any accounts you have
accessed before leaving the terminal.
3. Do not post photos or videos online unless you have your parents' consent.
4. Be careful when someone offers you gifts or money online. Be especially
careful if someone asks to meet you or visit your home.
5. If you receive any messages that make you feel uncomfortable, or see
harmful or illegal content, tell your parents or guardians immediately. They
can also contact the police if needed.
6. Do not illegally download music, movies, or any software.
7. Avoid using public Wi-Fi in places like airports, coffee shops, malls, or
restaurants for sensitive activities such as checking email or bank accounts,
as these networks may not be secure.

Points to remember:
✓ Think before you click, be careful about what you share.

✓ Never give out any personal information to any stranger through email or any
chat window without your guardians’ permission.
✓ Do not post photos or videos online unless you have your parents' consent.
✓ Install antivirus and firewall software, scan devices weekly

25
 KNOWLEDGE CHECK
A. Multiple Choice Questions.
1. Copying text from a website without credit is:
a) Hacking b) Plagiarism
c) Spamming d) Phishing
2. You get a message: “Win a free phone! Share your password.” You should:
a) Send it b) Inform your parents
c) Post online d) Give fake information
3. A pop-up says: Scan viruses, win $1000! Safest action:
a) Click b) Ignore
c) Ask someone else d) Download scanner
4. Checking bank on public Wi-Fi. Best action:
a) Check now b) Use secure network
c) Ask someone else d) Install random app
5. Posting helpful tips online while thinking about who sees them is:
a) Active footprint b) Passive footprint
c) Hacker footprint d) Phishing footprint

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. Responsible use of technology means thinking before you___________online.
2. Never give out you________________information to strangers online.
3. Ethics in technology help prevent ___________, plagiarism, and hacking.
4. A phishing attempt is an illegal attempt to obtain______________information.
5. Active digital footprints are created when you____________online intentionally.
C. Short answer questions.
1. Define responsible Digital Citizenship and give one example from daily life.
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. Name two ways to protect your privacy online and explain one.
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
26
 3. What is the difference between active and passive digital footprints?
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
4. Why is it important to use strong passwords and change them periodically?
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
5. Explain software piracy and one step to prevent it.
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
D. Think and apply.
1. A student posts a picture of a school project online. Which type of Digital
Footprint is this?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. Your friend receives an email asking for their bank details. What should the do?
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. A social media app recommends content based on your likes. How is your
data being used?
____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4. You see someone copying your school assignment without permission.
Which ethical rule is being broken?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

27
E. Identify the Term.

Description Identify the term

1. The act of sending fake emails or

messages with the i n t e n t i o n o f
s t e a l i n g p e r s o n a l information.

2. The act of copying someone

else's work, text, or project
without giving due credit.
3. The record of all your online
activities, including posts, likes,
and websites visited.
4. These are the rules and morals
that should be followed while
using computers and the internet to
avoid causing harm.
5. A document that explains how a
website or app collects, uses,
and protects users ‘personal data.

28
 Project -1
Animation and Games Using Scratch
Scratch is a block-based coding platform where you can create
games, animations, and stories by snapping colorful code blocks
together — no typing needed!
Scratch is a fun, easy-to-use computer programming tool. You don’t need to
type complicated code; instead, you drag and drop blocks to tell the computer what
to do.
It helps you:
• Think creatively (make your own ideas come alive)
• Work logically (plan steps in order)
• Solve problems (fix mistakes and improve your project)
The Scratch Interface consists of the following:
• Stage – The place where your project runs (like a mini theater).
• Sprites – The characters or objects which we control.
• Blocks Palette – All the coding blocks, grouped by color used to perform various
tasks.

29
Here are some of the blocks and their uses:

Block Type Color What it does?

Motion Blue Move, turn, glide

Looks Purple Change appearance, say text

Sound Pink Play sounds/music

Events Yellow Start actions

Control Orange Loops, waits

Sensing Light Blue Detect actions

Operators Green Math, compare

Variables Dark Orange Store data

Students will work group-wise and choose any one category project from the following:
Project – 1 Google Translator
Link for reference: [Link]

Project -2 Chatbot
Link for reference: [Link]

Project-3 Greeting Card

Link for reference: [Link]

What is a Loop?
A loop is a way to make your code repeat actions without writing the same
instructions again, and again.
Think of it like telling a robot: “Keep doing this until I say stop!”

30
Types of Loops in Scratch 3
1. Repeat Loop
o Block: repeat (10)
o What it does: Repeats the inside code a set number of times.
o Example: Make a sprite jump 10 times.
o Tip: Change the number to control how many times it repeats.
2. Forever Loop
o Block: forever
o What it does: Keeps repeating the inside code forever (until you stop the
program).
o Example: Keep a background moving in a game.
o Tip: Use carefully—once it starts, it won’t stop unless you tell it to.

3. Repeat Until Loop

o Block: repeat until <condition>
o What it does: Repeats the inside code until something becomes true.
o Example: Move a sprite until it touches the edge.
o Tip: Great for making “stop when goal is reached” actions.

Why Loops are Useful?

• Save time and make code shorter.
• Make animations, games, and effects smoother.
• Help control timing and repetition in projects.

Mini Example

Goal: Make a cat sprite walk 5 steps forward 20 times.

Code: repeat (20)
move (5) steps
end

Conditional Statements
Scratch programming language includes conditional statements that help determine
whether a condition set by the programmer is true or false. These conditional statements
in Scratch allow developers to compare variables or test them against specific values and
control how the program behaves based on whether the condition is met.
With these robust control structures, Scratch offers excellent flexibility, enabling
developers to create various projects, from simple calculators to complex robots.

31
1. If-Then
The if-then is a control block on the Scratch platform. The code will check to see if the
condition listed is true or false – if it’s true, then it’ll execute the program.

2. If-Then else ()
Scratch’s If-Then-Else block is an upgrade from the basic If-Then block. If you have some
code in the “If” and “Else” parts, Scratch will decide which one to run based on whether the
condition is true or false.

Example of conditional statement

This project will help you learn how to create animations and games on your own
using a visual programming language.

32
As part of the project, you will be able to:

Learn how we Learn to Design, try out Make your own

communicate with use Scratch and improve an animation and
devices online game game

Learn to communicate with computer

You may have played games on a smartphone or a computer (Figure 1), with figures that
move and respond to your inputs. You may also have seen ‘animation’ films and ‘an
emojis’ (animated emojis) on your smartphone. You might have wondered how these
games, An emojis or videos of moving figures (both humans and animals) and objects are
made. People called ‘programmers’ use something called ‘coding’ to do this. This project
will help you create your own online games and animations.

Designing games and animations require a blend of creativity and technology. It all begins
with an idea. Designers then develop and refine their ideas before they actually start the
work. This is made possible by artists who create visual elements, and programmers who
do the coding.

You can create your own animations and games using ‘Scratch’ (Figure 2). Just as we
use different languages to communicate, programmers use programming languages to
communicate with devices like smartphones, computers, tablets, smart watches, satellite
and driverless cars.

33
 Scratch interface

Default Scratch Window

34
Scratch is easy to use. It is called a ‘visual programming language’ since you can move
around ‘blocks’ instead of writing complicated programs in languages that take time to learn.
These blocks allow you ‘write’ programs to create animated figures, design games, and
create your own wallpaper.

Coding allows us to communicate with computers and smartphones.

When you click on a button and the computer or smartphone responds, your
click is translated into instructions in a language the machine
understands. A series of instructions to computers or smartphones are
called a program.
There are many languages with which you can communicate with
computers, like Java Script, Python and C++. Among these languages,
there are visual programming languages in which a series of
programming instructions are clubbed into ‘blocks’. It allows us to
combine different blocks and create sets of instructions.

What will I be able to do?

At the end of the project, you will be able to:

1. Create a simple Scratch project with block programming; and

2. Design games and animations using Scratch.

What will I need?

To carry out this project, you will need:
• Computer or laptop with Internet connection.
• ‘Scratch’ downloaded in the computer or laptop

How do I keep myself and others safe?

Discuss the safety precautions, which should be taken while accessing the Internet with the
teacher and your peers. Make a list of ‘to do’ and ‘not to do’. Make sure you follow this list
while working. If in doubt, ask your teacher.
Using computers for playing video games or searching for some information on the Internet
is fun. As anything done in excess is not good, excess screen time is not good for your
mental and physical health.
Playing outside and including physical sports are good for your body and mind, so make
sure, you get enough of that in addition to the fun you have with smartphones and computers.
So, limit your screen time as advised by your teacher and/or family members.

35
What do I need to know before I start?
You should be able to perform basic functions on a computer, like using the Mouse and
Keyboard, checking for Internet connectivity, browsing or searching on a browser, and
downloading and installing software.

What do I have to do?

Activity 1: Game design
We play many games. These games include outdoor games (e.g., Cricket, Blind Man’s
Buff, etc.) and indoor games (e.g., Chess, Ludo, Card Games, etc.).
The following questions are meant to help you think about the games:
1. Why do we play games?
..………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Which is your favourite game?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. What do you like in your favourite game?

..………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. How many members can play in your favourite game?

..………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. What rules are to be followed in your favourite game?

..………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Is there anything else interesting about your favourite game?

..……………………………………………………………………………………………..…

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

36
Activity 2: Trying out online games
You have done some activities related to games you play offline or in the real world. Now try
some online games!
Play a few games on the smartphone or computer or laptop, and try out different kinds of
games.
On the basis of your try outs of the online games, respond to the following questions:
1. Do all the games have rules? Yes No
2. Did they all have characters, such as cartoons, Micky Mouse, etc.? Yes No
3. Did the characters interact with each other in all the games? Yes No
4. Was there a color background in all the games? Yes No
5. Was there music in the games? Yes No
6. Did you find any game interesting and challenging? If yes, why? If not, how could it be
made more interesting and challenging? Yes No
Activity 3: Preparing to make your own game with animation

You have thought about your favourite games; both offline and online. You have identified
the rules, players, the interaction between these players and challenges in both online and
offline games you played. Online games and a few offline games, include music and a
background that makes them attractive and interesting. Now look for some interesting online
games and animations created using Scratch. You can look for match the pair game.

The figure shows a game to identify and match the layer of soil correctly.
You can use the following prompts (keywords for search) to find games and animations:
1. Play animations using Scratch
2. Educational Scratch games for school students
3. Creative Scratch games with music and sound effects

37
 Creating an account on Scratch You will have to login to the Scratch
website to create an account.
1. Open your Scratch account using an email address. You can use the email
address of your teacher or a family member.
2. To start creating, click on the ‘Create’ button.

You can find tutorials for making animations and games using Scratch.
Type the following keywords:
• Scratch game tutorials for beginners
• How to make a maze game on Scratch
• Interactive storytelling on Scratch
• Creating multiplayer games on Scratch

You can now begin using Scratch.

Activity 4: Build characters, objects and a backdrop of your game
Try out a few things with Scratch. Figures 6 to 10 show some of the things you will see on
the screen.

Backgrounds and Sprite on Scratch

As you begin using Scratch, keep responding to the questions given below. They will help
you think about things you can do. You can look at your responses the next time you plan to
create something using Scratch.
1. Were you able to select and import Sprite?
Yes No
2. Were you able to use the in-built Sprite or did you use some image from the Internet
or a photo you had taken? Or did you use both?
....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

38
 3. Did you attempt creating your own Sprite by drawing? Yes No
4. Were you able to change the costumes of the chosen Sprite? Yes No
5. Were you able to identify and import objects? Yes No
6. Were you able to identify and use appropriate backdrops for the chosen Sprite?
Yes No

Choosing the Sprite to be loaded on to your game

Creating your own images using AI!

You can create your own images using an AI image generator. An AI image generator
that takes a keyword, also called as ‘text prompt’, processes it and creates an image that
best matches the description given in the text prompt.
You can do the following to generate AI images for this project:
1. Choose an AI image generator: You can ask your teacher and others for help.
2. Input your ideas: Describe what you want in simple words. For example, if you
are thinking of a flying cat, say, “A cat flying in the sky.”
3. Explore options: Apply different styles and see how the tool reworks the images.
4. Refine and Experiment: If you want changes, describe them. For instance,
“Make the cat smaller” or “Change the background to a forest.”
5. Download or Save: Download or save the image to your device.
6. You can now use it for whichever purpose you want.
Figure 6: Select your Sprite, and drag the code blocks on to your window

Activity 5: Programming your characters and objects

Now you need to animate your Sprite

The following questions will help you think of what you can do and also help you maintain
a record you can refer to later:

1. Were you able to use a combination of ‘Motion’ and ‘Looks’ blocks to animate
your Sprite? Yes No
2. Were you able to animate Sprite using ‘Control’ and ‘Events’ blocks?
Yes No
3. Were you able to include music in your animated block? Yes No
39
 4. Were you able to select multiple Sprite? Yes No
5. Were you able to change their costume? Yes No

Activity 6: Create an animated birthday card for your friend

You can do animation on Scratch too; the letters are animated in this window
The set of questions given below will both guide you and help you keep a record of
what you are doing.

1. Were you able to import and use your friend’s picture as a Sprite? Yes No

2. Were you able to use a combination of ‘Motion’, ‘Looks’, ‘Control’ and ‘Events’ blocks

to create an animated birthday message using your friend’s Sprite? Yes No

40
 3. Were you able to use your friend’s favourite song as background music for the animated

card? Yes No

4. Were you able to save the card and share it with your friend? Yes No

5. Did you face any challenges in designing this animated birthday card? Yes No

If yes, how did you resolve them?

......................................................................................................................................................

…..................................................................................................................................................

6. Did you try creating something else using Scratch? Yes No

Activity7: Designing your game

You are now ready to design your own game. The first thing you need to do is plan the details
of your game. This is known as making a ‘storyboard’ (Figure 11).

Storyboard A storyboard helps in planning what will be shown on the screen during a

game or animation. It is like a roadmap. You can make it on paper or use the computer to

create a document with the details of your plan. You can sketch your characters, detail how

they will respond to commands, and show the sequence of actions, in short. Everything that

is in your head can go into the storyboard. Making a storyboard is important to ensure a

detailed plan so that you do not have to stop and think as you start making your game or

animation.

41
 An example of a storyboard for an animation
Notes:

Special Instructions: Make sure Rakesh is sitting on a study table and a

glass of milk is placed on his table.
Finally, you can show that Sonu jumps towards Rakesh, causing
the glass to fall, spilling milk on table.

Present the game idea to your peers; did you receive any suggestions? Yes No
If yes, how did you use them?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

42
 Activity 8: Coding your game

With the help of your teachers or any other person, write the code for the
designed game by:
• Creating characters and scenes
• Animating characters
• Using dialogue and text
• Using event blocks to trigger different
events in the story.
• Using sound blocks to add background
music.

In this code, the Cat will move 10 steps

ahead and say “Hello” once you press start
1. Write a script for the game you designed in Activity 4 using in-built blocks, such as
motion, looks, sound, events, control, sensing, operators, variables, etc. and control
structures that include loops and conditional statements.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

2. Prepare a logo with the name of your game and paste the photograph of the same in the
space given below.

43
 3. Were you able to do the following?
a. Setting the stage
o Choose or create a backdrop for the game’s stage by importing image.
Yes No
o Design or import Sprite Yes No
o Design or import object Yes No

b. Code your Sprite

o Use a combination of ‘Motion’ and ‘Looks’ blocks to program the movements of
your Sprite. Yes No
o Experiment with different code blocks to control movement, interactions, animations
and game logic. Yes No

c. Implement game mechanics

o Define the rules of game using ‘Control’ blocks. Yes No
o Use conditional (if else statements), loops, variables and sensing blocks to create
interactive gameplay elements. Yes No
o Use ‘Event’ blocks to trigger actions in response to specific even enhance the gaming
experience by adding background music using ‘Sound’ effects.
Yes No
4. Did you face any challenges in designing the game? If yes, how did you resolve them?
Yes No
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Activity 9: Trying it out

Check if your game is working.
1. Publish your game by clicking on the ‘Share’ button in Scratch.
2. Request other group members to play the game.
3. Are there any issues or ‘bugs’ that need to be removed for smooth working?
Yes No
Activity 10: Sharing your game
Now imagine if someone you have not worked with where to play the game. You would
have to introduce the game to them and give basic instructions. You can do that by either
making an audio or video clip or creating a document. The questions below will help you
develop these instructions.
1. What is the name of your game?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

44
2. Paste the link of your project (Canva design or shared file)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. What are the rules of the game or instructions to play?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

What did I learn from others and how did I use it?

You saw videos on Scratch and discussed with others how to create the games.

1. Did you watch any tutorials or observe how others coded their projects?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Did you work on any project with classmates? What did you learn from them?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Did you ask for help or advice from your teacher or peers? What was the most helpful
piece of advice you received?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. What new techniques or blocks did you discover with the help of peers?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Did learning from others inspire any new ideas or features in your projects?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
45
 6. Have you had the opportunity to teach or help others with Scratch? What did you teach
them, and how did it help you reinforce your own understanding?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

What did I do and how long did it take?

It is important to understand how much time is required for an activity to be completed.

Calculate the approximate number of periods you spent on each activity. Mark them on the
timeline below. If you did more than the activities suggested in the book, please add the
number and time taken.

Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time Taken -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
(Periods)

What else can I do?

1. You can create a game/animated story related to your daily life, using
photographs of people and objects around you. Please remember to take permission first.
Discuss your favourite folk story with your family members and elders in the community.
Prepare a storyboard detailing the characters, plots, important scenes, etc. Translate this story
into Scratch by creating characters and scenes; animating characters; using dialogue and
text; using event blocks to trigger different events in the story; and using sound blocks
to add background music.
2. You can use the Scratch extensions to make different games. For example, you can use
the Pen extension to create your own shapes and figures.

46
 Think and Answer
1. What did you enjoy doing?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What were the challenges you faced?
……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Compare online and offline games. State three things you like about each.
……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. What jobs are related to the project? Look around, speak to people and write your
answer. A few examples of jobs related to the activities you just did, are programmer,
software developer, game developer and 3D animator.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

47
 Chapter 3
Basic Data Concepts
In today’s digital world, data is everywhere and plays a significant role in our
daily lives. Therefore, understanding the basic concepts of data, its types, and
analysis is very important in today’s information-driven society.

Recording Sending Checking Watching Using a

Attendance Weather Videos Online Fitness App
Message
s
Weather apps, for example, collect data from satellites and weather stations,
whereas map applications use traffic data from a large number of users to
recommend faster routes.

A School report card is prepared by compiling attendance records and students’

marks. In this way, data helps in understanding any situation, comparing
information, and make better decisions.

What is Data?

Data means raw information that can be processed and analysed to get useful
information, which provides meaningful insights for decision-making.

For example,
 The Number of friends you have

 The Weather report that tells the temperature

 The Marks you score in your exam
 The List of books in your school library

Hence, data consists of raw facts, and when it is organized and processed, it
becomes information that helps us make correct decisions.

48
 Importance of Data in Daily Lives

1. Decision Making
Data provides information, patterns, and results from the
past, which makes it easy to make decisions. It does not
depend on opinions or assumptions; one can study data to
understand what has worked before and what needs
improvement.
For example, exam result data can help the teacher
understand which subject the student is struggling with and
which subject the student is excelling at. Sales
information, on the other hand, can help the store owner
decide which items need to be stocked or which items
need to be removed immediately. Using data correctly
reduces uncertainties and leads to more reliable decisions.
2. Business Growth
Data like sales records, customer feedback, helps in
identifying customers’ choices and preferences, improving
products and thereby reduce losses and increase profit.

3. Scientific Research and Development

Data forms the foundation of every scientific investigation.
Researchers conduct experiments, observe results, and gather
survey data, all with the goal of collecting information. With
this data, they look for patterns, test assumptions, and draw
correct conclusions. Trustworthy data fuels advancement in
medicine, space exploration, and environmental research.
Without it, progress comes to a halt.
4. Enhancing Cyber security
Cyber security systems always study large data sets to look for
unusual activities and potential threats from the past. This
makes the security systems stronger. Security systems gather
data by analysing login information, network traffic, and
access patterns to find out what went wrong and stop it from
recurring.

49
5. Personalised User Experience
While using digital platforms, a user gets a personalised
experience with the help of data. Apps and websites use data
such as your search history and your preferences to show
relevant content. For example, shopping apps suggest products
based on past purchases, and music apps recommend songs
based on what kind of music you prefer.

Types of Data

Data can come in many forms, such as numbers, text, pictures, video, and sounds.
Each form has its own meaning, which affects how it is used and interpreted.

Let us explore primary data types detailing their properties and applications.
1. Numerical data (Numbers and Values)
Numerical data is made up of numbers. You can count or measure this kind of data.

For example,
 Counting objects using numbers
 Measuring length using numbers
 Performing calculations using numbers
 Numbers used for counting and calculation

Counting Objects Measuring Length Calculation Number Symbols

2. Text data (Words and Sentences)

Text data is made up of letters, words, or sentences. Text data helps you put things into
words.
For example,
 A name written using letters
 List of names used for identification
 Written address
 Written communication through letters
50
 Written Name List of Names Written Address Written Messages

3. Image data (pictures and visuals)

Pictures, drawings, or photos make up image data. Pictures make it easy for
people to see and understand information.
For example,
 An image of your pet
 You use emojis in chats
 A picture of your favourite fruits
 Collection of images

Image of a Pet Emojis Illustrated Pictures Collection of Images

4. Video Data (Moving Visuals)

Video data is made up of moving pictures, sometimes with sound. Video data
helps us see actions and understand events clearly.
For example,
 A movie in a theatre
 CCTV Footage
 Video Footage
 Online Meeting

51
 Movie in Theatre CCTV Security Video Footage Online Meeting
System

5. Sound Data (Audio and Voice)

Sound data is made up of sounds, speech, or music. Sound data tells us what
something sounds like.
For example,
 Voice recording waveform
 Listening to music
 The sound of your school bell
 Voice Communication

Voice Recording Listening to Music Bell Sound Voice

Communication

6. Collecting Data
Collecting Data means gathering information from people, books, the internet, or
instruments to support analysis and making correct decisions.

Let us learn the various methods we can use to collect data in our daily lives.
Common sources are:
o People: Asking questions or surveys
o Books: Reading facts or information
o Internet: Searching for information online
o Instruments: Thermometer (for temperature), clock (for time), scale (for weight)

52
 Examples of Data Collection
o Counting the total number of plants in the school premises
o Asking your classmates about their hobbies and writing down their answers
o Measuring your plant's height every week to see how it grows
this is how we collect data to learn or compare things.

7. Organising Data
Organising Data is the process of arranging, sorting, and classifying raw data into
a logical, usable format. Remember, effective data organisation is important for
finding, retrieving, sharing, and maintaining files to avoid loss or accidental
disclosure.
Organising Data in a systematic manner:
o Classification: Grouping of similar kinds of data
o Structuring: Arranging data into separate folders or a tabular format
o Labelling: Giving correct, clear, and descriptive names
o Storage: Saving data in appropriate and secure systems
For example,
Organising a Desktop:
A student has saved 50 images randomly on the desktop.
He needs to find an image for his science project.
Now he understands the importance of organising data.

Classification Structuring Labeling Storage

53
8. Representing Data
Representing data means using tables and charts for accurate details and for visual
comparisons. Tables organise information in rows and columns, while bar charts
compare categories using proportional rectangular bars, and pictograms use
symbols to represent data, thereby making complex data easy to understand.

Using Tables for Data Presentation

Objective: Tables arrange data in rows and columns so that it is simple to
read and find specific values.
Structure: Each cell has data that consists of categories in columns and
subcategories in rows.
Benefits: Excellent for comprehensive information and when exact numbers
matter more than trends.
For example, Family Kitchen Menu
The Scenario:
In a big family, everyone has different food preferences. The person managing
the kitchen is getting confused with everyone’s choices. You have been asked to
organise the meal details in a table so that everything runs smoothly.
The Data:
After asking each family member, here are their meal preferences:
Grandfather: Prefers soft chapatis with dal and a glass of warm milk.
Grandmother: Likes vegetable khichdi and a cup of tea.
Father: Wants rice, curds, and a glass of buttermilk.
Mother: Prefers salad, soup, and fresh juice.
Brother: Asked for a sandwich and a health drink.
Sister: Wants spinach rice and a glass of lemonade.
The Task:
1. Organize this information into a neat table.
2. Your table must have the following columns: Family Member, Food Item,
Drink Item.

54
 The Table

Family Member Food Item Drink Item

Grandfather Chapati and Dal Warm Milk
Grandmother Khichdi Tea
Father Rice and Curds Buttermilk
Mother Salad & Soup Fresh Juice
Brother Sandwich Health Drink
Sister Spinach Rice Lemonade

Using Charts for Data Presentation

Objective: Charts transform numbers into

pictures so you can see patterns, trends, and
make quick comparisons.
Key Principle: The main idea is to plot
data on coordinate axes, with the X-axis for
categories and the Y-axis for values.
Types: Bar charts, line graphs, pie charts,
scatter plots, and pictograms are some of the
common charts.

Simple Bar Charts & Pictograms

1. Bar Charts:
Objectives: Uses rectangular bars, which can be vertical or horizontal, where
the length or the height is proportional to the value.
Components: X-axis (categories), Y-axis (values/frequency), uniform bar width, and
spacing.
Use: Excellent for comparing discrete categories (for example, sales by
product). For example,
2. The Lemonade
The Scenario:
Two friends, Aana and Sana, start a business of selling Lemonade. They sell
three things at their school fair:

55
 ’● Regular Lemonade
.
·
ˆ Strawberry Lemonade
·
'
˙●·
.
˙· Lemon Cookies
•
They want to know which item sold the most so that they can make more of it
next time. You are the incharge of their business. To understand the sales, you
need to make a bar chart.
The Sales Data (Monday to Friday):

Product Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday TOTAL

Regular Lemonade 10 8 12 15 20 65
Strawberry 5 7 10 12 18 52
Lemonade
Lemon Cookies 8 10 15 20 25 78

The Task:
1. Create a Bar Chart that shows how many of each product were sold in total.
2. Label the X-axis with Products and the Y-axis with Number Sold.
3. Give the chart a business title.

56
3. Pictograms
Objectives: Uses pictures or symbols to represent data quantities.
Components: A clear title, a key that explains what each picture means, for example,
1 image = 100 people, and evenly spaced, same-sized pictures.
Benefits: Great for simple data sets, as they are fun and easy to use.
For example,
The Eco Club Plantation Drive
The Scenario:
It was the Environment Week, and the Park Valley School Eco Club planned a
tree-planting drive and students from Classes 6 to 9 participated enthusiastically.
The school Principal wanted to know which class planted the most trees so they can
be recognized during assembly.
You are Incharge of presenting the data. To understand the plantation results, you
need to create a pictogram.

The Plantation Data:

Class Trees Planted

Class 6 20
Class 7 15
Class 8 25
Class 9 10

The Task:
1. Create a Pictogram showing how many trees each class planted.
2. Add a clear title to the Pictogram.
3. Add a key so everyone knows what one tree symbol means.
4. Identify which class is the winner?

Key: 🌳 = 5 Trees

57
Pictogram:

The Eco Club Plantation Drive

Class Trees Planted Position

Class 6 🌳🌳🌳🌳 2nd
Class 7 🌳🌳🌳 3rd
Class 8 🌳🌳🌳🌳🌳 ★Winner
Class 9 🌳🌳 4th

Points to remember:
✓ Data is information we collect, such as numbers, words, pictures, or sounds,
which helps us understand things and make better decisions.
✓ Data can be numerical (numbers), text (words), image (pictures), or sound (audio).
✓ Data is collected from various sources like surveys, observations, schools,
hospitals, and weather reports.
✓ Data is arranged neatly in rows and columns using tables to make it easy
to read and understand.
✓ Data can be shown clearly using tables, bar charts, and simple pictorial

representations.

58
 KNOWLEDGE CHECK

A. Multiple Choice Questions.

1. A teacher analyses last year’s exam results to improve teaching methods.
This is an example of:
a) Guesswork b) Using data for decision-making
c) Random selection d) Entertainment
2. A fitness app counts your daily steps and shows weekly progress. What type
of data is mainly collected?
a) Image Data b) Text Data
c) Numerical Data d) Sound Data
3. A weather app predicts rain using satellite information. This shows that data
helps in:
a) Playing games b) Making future predictions
c) Writing stories d) Sending messages
4. A security camera records activities at the school gate. What type of data is
mainly collected?
a) Text Data b) Video Data
c) Image Data d) Numerical Data
5. Which of the following is an example of Image data?
a) Your name b) Your address
c) Your age d) Your photograph

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. Data means raw ___________________ and figures.

2. Tables arrange data in rows and_____________________.

3. Text data is made up of letters, words, and ____________________.

4. Grouping similar kinds of data is called _____________________.

5. Saving data in secure systems is known as _____________________.

C. Short answer questions.

1. What is Data?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

59
 2. Name the four main types of Data.
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. What is the difference between a table and a chart?
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Define classification and labelling in Organizing Data.
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
D. Think and apply.
1. A student measures the height of a plant every week. What type of
data is being collected?
_____________________________________________________________

2. A teacher wants to compare the marks of students clearly. Should she use
a table or a bar chart? Give one reason.
_____________________________________________________________

3. A shopping app suggests products based on your previous searches. How

is data being used in this situation?

_____________________________________________________________
E. Classify the following as AI or Automation.
Example Type of Data
Exam Marks
A voice message
School ID photo
Your home address
Number of students in the class

60
 Chapter 4
Simple Pattern Recognition and Decision Making

What is a Pattern?

A pattern is a regular, consistent, repeated, or predictable sequence of elements like

numbers, shapes, text, colours, or actions. Patterns can be seen everywhere
around us. Just like in Mathematics, we see sequences like 2, 4, 6, 8; similarly, in
art, we see repetition in designs, in science, we see weather cycles, and in our
everyday life, we see changing seasons and days. These patterns provide a
framework for predicting and understanding behaviours.

Importance of Patterns
 Symmetry: A pattern is something that may look the same every time it
appears and can be repeated.
 Series: A series is a group of items, like numbers, forms, or events, which
may all be connected by the same rule or relationship. For example,
numbering by twos, or a pattern that repeats.
 Predictability: If you can see a pattern, you can figure out what will
happen next, whether it is the next number in a sequence or the next event
in a cycle.
 Behaviour: Patterns can be visible, like stripes or dots, or behavioural like
habits or routines.
Patterns in Things We Do Every Day

Routines: Getting up, eating breakfast, Schedules: Time patterns include

and going to school are all things that the cycle of days and nights and the
happen every day.
changing of the seasons.

61
 Chores: Doing our homework and Shopping: Watching when grocery
eating right can mean doing the stores have sales or when they have
same things over and over. to restock their items.

Nature: Natural patterns include the way Language: Rhyming patterns in

leaves grow on a stem, the way birds songs and poems, like CCDD are
migrate, and the spirals in a sunflower. patterns in words.

Identifying Patterns

Identifying patterns means looking at data or events to see if there are any
sequences, similarities, or behaviours that follow a rule or show a particular trend.
Identifying patterns is useful for everything from understanding how to solve
everyday problems to more advanced Data Science because it helps you predict
what will happen, organize things, and make decisions.
For example,
You have a basketball game every Friday. You practice for an hour after school
every day, and you realize that you score a lot more points and your game improve
noticeably. However, if you do not practice, your game will be affected, and you
will score fewer points. When you notice this pattern, it makes sense; practice
helps you improve. So, rather than waiting until game day, you should practice a
little every day. You do not need to guess anymore; you know what works.

62
 Recognising Repeated Actions or Events

To recognize repeated actions or events, you need to find things that happen over
and over again or in response to a certain situation. These repetitions create
patterns or habits that can be predicted.
Methods of Recognising Repeated Actions or Events
⮡ Observation: Simple observation over a period of time is the most basic
method for identifying repetitions.
⮡ Time Series Analysis: This method evaluates data collected over time to
identify variations in time such as seasons and trends over time.
⮡ Data Visualisation: Sequences that repeat in data can be easily understood by
using charts and graphs.

Finding Similarities in Data

Finding similarities in data means sorting data that have similar characteristics or
elements. This sorting of data makes huge complex datasets into manageable and
meaningful subsets.

Methods of Finding Similarities in Data

⮡ Sorting and Filtering: Sorting data by its attributes makes it easier to
identify groups with similar characteristics.
⮡ Data Visualisation: The use of charts and graphs makes it simpler to
understand a complex dataset.
⮡ Statistical Analysis: Helps to understand large datasets, group similar data,
understand connections between several factors, and see how changes in
one can affect the other.
⮡ Machine learning: Machine learning models are trained using data so they
can identify patterns and make predictions or decisions.

63
 Observations and Conclusion
Making observations from data is looking for patterns, trends, and key findings,
while drawing conclusions, which means understanding and applying these
observations to answer your questions.
Making Observations from Data (What did you see?)
⮡ Identify Key Findings: What were the most important numbers, patterns, or
relationships you observed in your data?
⮡ Look for Repeating Patterns: Are there repeating themes or groupings in your data?
⮡ Note Irregularities: What stands out as unusual or unexpected in your data?
⮡ Use Visuals: Graphs and charts show patterns that might be hidden in raw data.
Examples:
o The number of students present is higher on Tuesday than on Monday
o The temperature is higher in the afternoon than in the morning
o More students like Cricket than Football

Drawing Simple Conclusions (What does it mean?)

⮡ Answering the Question: A conclusion tells us the answer to the question we
were trying to find from the data.
⮡ Explaining Why It Happened: It explains why a pattern was seen in the data,
like sales increased because more people liked the discount.
⮡ Learning a General Idea: From small observations, we form one general
idea; for example, if all plants grew better with water, we could say plants
need water to grow.

64
⮡ Knowing the Limits: Sometimes the data is small or limited, so the result
may not apply everywhere.
⮡ Thinking of What Comes Next: Conclusions help us think about new questions
or what we should study next.
Examples:
o Students may feel more active after the weekend
o Cricket is the most popular sport in the class

Decision Making
Decision-making means choosing what action to take after thinking carefully
about the information available. In daily life, we often face situations where we
must choose between two or more options. Good decision-making helps us select
the option that is more useful, safe, or beneficial. Understanding the situation
before making decisions usually leads to better results.
Making Simple Decisions Based on Observations
We make decisions by observing what is happening around us. Observations help
us see patterns, changes, and results from the past. By looking at these
observations, we can understand which decision gave reliable results and which
ones did not. This helps us make better choices in similar situations and prevent
repeating mistakes.
Examples of Decisions in Daily Life

o Deciding to revise a subject again after observing low marks in a test

o Carrying an umbrella after observing cloudy skies
o Choosing a quieter road after seeing heavy traffic on another route
o Saving money after observing increased monthly expenses
Points to remember:
✓ A pattern is a regular, consistent, repeated, or predictable sequence of
elements like numbers, shapes, text, colors, or actions.
✓ Identifying patterns means looking at data or events to see if there are any
sequences, similarities, or behaviors that happen repeatedly.

65
 Exercise

A. Multiple Choice Questions.

1. A student notices that every morning, he wakes up, brushes his
teeth and eats breakfast in the same order.
What does this represent?
a) A random action b) A pattern
c) A single event d) A mistake
2. Making observations from data means:
a) Changing the data b) Looking for patterns and key findings
c) Making guesses d) Hiding results
3. Arranging data by its attributes to find similar groups is called:
a) Machine learning b) Sorting and Filtering
c) Entertainment d) Prediction
4. Drawing a conclusion means:
a) Copying data b) Understanding and applying
observations
c) Creating confusion d) Repeating the same data
5. Decision-making means:
a) Acting without thinking b) Choosing an action after thinking
c) Ignoring facts d) Random guessing

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. A pattern is a repeated and predictable_________________of elements.
2. Identifying patterns means looking for
repeated_________________________or similarities in data.
3. Making observations from data means looking for patterns, trends,
and ______________________findings.
4. Drawing a conclusion means understanding observations to answer
a______________________________.
5. Decision making means choosing an action after thinking
carefully about the________________________available.

66
C. Short answer questions.

1. Define a pattern and give one example from daily life.

________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2. Name any two methods used to recognize repeated actions or

events and briefly explain one of them.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

3. Why is predictability important when identifying patterns?

_______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4. What is statistical analysis used for when studying large datasets?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

5. Explain the difference between making an observation and drawing a

conclusion with an example.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
67
D. Think and apply.
1. A student measures the height of a plant every week. What type
of data is being collected?
______________________________________________________________

2. A student notices that the temperature is higher in the afternoon than

in the morning for several days. What is the student doing?

____________________________________________________________

3. A student notices that practicing every day improves performance

in a Basketball game. What decision can the student make from this

observation?

____________________________________________________________

4. A class survey shows that more students like cricket than football.

What can the teacher conclude from this data?

____________________________________________________________

E. Identify the Method Used.

Situation Method Used

Watching daily rainfall for a month

Arranging students by height

Using graphs to compare sales

Studying trends over five years

Using an algorithm to recognize faces

68
 Project -2 Create an Invitation Card
This project will help you to create an invitation card using AI tools and maintain the
data through an excel sheet.
Sending email invitation cards is a quick, cost-effective, and eco-friendly way to invite
guests to an event. Unlike traditional paper invitations, email invites can be designed
with vibrant graphics, personalized messages, and interactive elements such as RSVP
buttons or event links. They can be delivered instantly to recipients anywhere in the
world, ensuring timely communication. Additionally, email invitations allow you to
track responses, send reminders, and make last-minute updates with ease, making them
a convenient choice for both personal celebrations and professional gatherings.
Canva
Canva is an online user-friendly graphic design platform that allows us to create
professional visual content without the need of advanced design skills. It operates as
an all-in-one browser-based creative hub, offering drag-and-drop tools for designing
social media graphics, presentations, websites, videos and print materials.

What will I be able to do?

At the end of this project, you will be able to do:
1. Create an invitation card in Canva, and
2. Share the card with the help of data in Excel sheets.

What will I need?

To carry out this project, you will need:
• Computer or Laptop with internet connection
• Microsoft Office package installed on your system.

69
 How do I keep myself and others safe?
To stay safe while using Canva, it’s important to follow a few simple but
effective practices. Always protect your account by using a strong password,
logging out when working on shared devices, and avoiding the upload of sensitive
personal information.
Respecting others is equally important- make sure you have the permission before
using someone’s photo or personal details, keep your designs appropriate, and give
credit to creators when you use an external content. When sharing your work online,
check Canava’s privacy settings, use “view only” links if you don’t want others to edit
your designs, and avoiding posting invitations that include personal addresses or phone
numbers on public platforms.
Finally general digital safety applies here too” keep your apps and browsers updated,
avoid suspicious links or downloads, and report any issues directly to Canva’s support
team. By following these steps, you can design creatively while keeping yourself
and others safe.

What do I need to know before I start?

You should be able to perform basic functions on a computer, like using the
Mouse and Keyboard, checking for internet connectivity, browsing or searching
on a browser, and using basic Excel.

What do I have to do?

The following questions are meant to think about the invitations:

1. Why do we need to send invitations?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. To whom we have to send the invitations?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. How can we design our invitation cards?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What precautions we need to take care while sending invitation cards?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
70
 5. Is there anything else interesting about the invitation cards?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Activity 1: Creating an account in Canva

1. You will have to login to the Canva website to create an account.
2. Open your Canva account using an email address.

Activity 2: Design your card and add the necessary details

• Students choose an invitation card template from Canva’s library.
• Optionally, they can start with a blank design for originality.
Add the necessary Event details
• Name of the birthday person
• Date and time of the party
• Venue/location
• RSVP information (optional)

Personalization of the card

• Add a catchy headline (e.g., “You’re Invited!” or “Join Us for a Birthday Bash”).
• Use icons, borders, or background patterns to make the card festive.
• Experiment with fonts, colors, and layouts.
• Replace placeholder text with your party details.
• Check spelling and accuracy of event details.
• Add decorative elements (balloons, cakes, confetti, candles).
71
• Ensure the design is visually balanced.
• Save and download the card (digital or printable).

As you begin using Canva, keep responding to the questions given below. They will
help you think about things you can do. You can look at your responses the next time
you plan to create something using Canva.

1. Were you able to select the template? Yes No

2. Were you able to use the in-built template or did you use some image from the
Internet or a photo you had taken? Or did you use both?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Did you attempt creating your own Card? Yes No
4. Were you able to edit the text of the card? Yes No
5. Were you able to identify and use appropriate backdrop for the chosen card?
Yes No

Activity 3: Create the data of list of guests in excel

Make a list of guests in a table with columns for Guest Names, Addresses, RSVP
Status and Invite numbers.
1. Open Excel and start a new workbook.
2. In the first row, type the column headers (the questions above).
3. Select the range and Insert → Table so Excel treats it as a structured table.

The set of questions given below will both guide you and help you keep a record of
what you are doing.
1. Were you able to make a table in Excel? Yes No

2. Were you able to track the invitation? Has the invitation been sent? Yes No
3. Has the guest RSVP’d? Yes No
4. Will they bring additional guests? If yes, how many? ……. Yes No
5. Use Excel filters to:
• Find guests who haven’t RSVP’d.
• Count total attendees.
6. Did you face any challenges in designing this table? Yes No
7. If yes, how did you resolve them?
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
72
 8. Did you try creating something else using Excel? Yes No
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................

Activity 4: Add Images, Text, and Background to Invitation

Now try creating your own invitation design using Canva. While designing, you can
add different images, text, shapes, colours, and backgrounds to make your invitation
attractive and meaningful. Canva provides many templates, graphics, and fonts that
help you design creative advertisements easily.

73
 As you begin designing your invitation, respond to the questions given below.
These questions will help you think about the steps involved in creating an
invitation.
1. Were you able to select and add images or graphics to your invitation?
Yes No
2. Did you use images from Canva, your own photos, or both?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Did you try creating your own design using shapes or drawing tools?
Yes No
4. Were you able to add other elements such as icons, shapes, or stickers?
Yes No
5. Were you able to choose and apply a suitable background for your invitation?
Yes No

Creating Your Own Invitation Images Using Canva AI

You can create your own Invitation images using Canva AI. Canva AI can generate
images from a text prompt, which means you just need to describe the image in simple
words and the tool will create an image based on your description. These images can
make your Invitation posters, brochures, newsletters, or event catalogues more creative
and attractive.

You can do the following to generate AI images for your Invitation project:

1. Open Canva and select Canva AI (Text to Image):

You can ask your teacher or classmates for help if needed.
2. Enter your idea:
Describe the image you want in simple words.
For example: “A colourful Invitation poster for a fruit juice with fresh fruits and
bright background.”
3. Explore different styles:
Try different styles, colours, and designs to see how Canva AI creates different
Invitation images.
4. Refine and experiment:
If you want changes, edit your prompt.
For example: “Add more fruits” or “Change the background colour to yellow.”
5. Download or save the image:
Once the image is created, download or save it to your device.
6. Use the image in your Invitation:
You can now add the AI-generated image to your Invitation design in Canva to
make your project more creative and visually appealing.

74
 Activity 5: Share your Canva Invitation
Now imagine that someone who has not worked on this project wants to view your
invitation, newsletter, brochure, magazine, or event catalogue. You can share
your work by providing the link to your Canva project or by showing the final
design. You may also explain your design through a short video, audio clip, or a
brief written description.
The following questions will help you introduce your project.
1. Paste the link of your project (Canva design or shared file)

…………………………………………………………………………………………

2. What is the title or name of your invitation?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

What did I learn from others and how did I use it?
You saw videos on Canva and discussed with others how to create the invitation.

1. Did you watch any tutorials or observe how others designed their projects?
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
2. Did you work on any project with classmates? What did you learn from them?
.........................................................................................................................................
.………………...............................................................................................................
3. Did you ask for help or advice from your teacher or peers? What was the most
helpful piece of advice you received?
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
4. What new techniques did you discover with the help of peers?
.........................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Did learning from others inspire any new ideas or features in your projects?
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................

75
 What did I do and how long did it take?
It is important to understand how much time is required for an activity to be
completed. Calculate the approximate number of periods you spent on each
activity. Mark them on the timeline below.

Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time Taken -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (Periods)

What else can I do?

You can create different creative designs in Canva related to your daily life or
school activities. For example, you can design an advertisement, newsletter,
brochure, magazine page, event catalogue, poster, invitation cards, or
presentations.
Here are some additional things you can create using Canva:
• Social Media Graphics: Design posts and cover photos for platforms like Face
book and Instagram.
• Event Invitations: Create sleek, playful, and minimalist designs for weddings,
birthday parties, and more.
• Gift Certificates: Design coupons and gift certificates for holidays, events, or
any occasion.
• Book Covers: Create covers for eBooks and print books in Canava’s user-
friendly interface.
Think and Answer

[Link] did you enjoy doing?

……………………………………………………………………………………
2. What were the challenges you faced?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What new skill did you learn while doing this project?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. How can technology improve our future?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

76