Module - 1.1
Module - 1.1
Salaries or Wages:
Any salary or wages received by an employee from his employer is taxable. Salary is given
skilled labour& wages is given to an unskilled labour. However there is no distinction
between these two for the purpose of income tax.
b. Non-government employees:
The non-government employees can be further classified into:
1. Non-government employees covered under payment of gratuity act 1972
2. Non-government employees not covered under gratuity act 1972
1. In case of non-government employees covered under payment of gratuity act 1972:
The gratuity amount received by an employee will exempt to the extent of least of the
following:
a. 15 days salary based on salary last drawn for each year of service (i.e., 15 days
salary X length of service)
b. Monetary limit 2000000
c. Actual gratuity received
Note:
1. Salary last drawn means salary drawn earlier to the month of retirement
2. 15 days salary can be computed as under:
Salary last drawn multiplied by 15/26
3. While computing completed years of service, any service i.e. more than 6 months
to be taken as one full year.
4. Meaning of salary = Basic pay + DA
Note:
1. Average monthly salary is calculated on the basis of average salary for the ten months
immediately preceding the month in which the employee has retired.
2. While computing year of service, any fractional service must be ignored.
3. Meaning of salary = Basic pay + DA [if as per terms of employment] + Commission
on fixed percentage of turnover
PENSION:
It is a regular payment made by the employer to the employee after he retires from service or
on death of the employee.
Uncommuted pension:
It is periodical payment of pension. For instance, X gets monthly pension of Rs.2000. It is
fully taxable as salary under section 15 in the hands of government employee as well as non-
government employee.
Commuted pension:
Sometimes the employee will be given a choice to receive a lumpsum amount instead of
periodical payment. This process of receiving some percentage of pensions over a certain
number of years in lumpsum is known as commuted value of pension. For this purpose
employees are grouped into:
a. Government employees
b. Non-government employees
Fees or Commission:
Fees or commission payable by employer to employee, when an employee does extra work
(not overtime) apart from the terms of employment. This is fully taxable in the hands of
employee.
Bonus:
It is a payment made by employer out of profits. It is a kind of incentive which is fully
taxable.
Allowances:
The basic pay is payable under terms of employment. Apart from this the employee may get
additional emoluments or benefits from his employer. These additional benefits may be
received in the form of cash or in kind. Additional benefits or emoluments received in the
form of cash are called allowances.
For the tax purpose allowances can be classified into:
a. Fully taxable allowances
b. Partly taxable allowances or partly exempted allowances &
c. Fully exempted allowances.
Allowances
Fully Taxable under both Fully Taxable under new Fully Exempt under both
regimes tax regime/ Partly exempt the regimes
under the new tax regime
Entertainment Allowance House Rent Allowance [u/s Allowance granted to
10(13A)] Government employees
outside India [Section 10(7)]
Dearness Allowance Special Allowances [u/s
10(14)]
Overtime Allowance Except:
Fixed Medical Allowance a) Travelling allowance
City Compensatory b) Daily allowance
Allowance (to meet increased
cost of living in cities)
Interim Allowance c) Conveyance
allowance
Servant Allowance d) Transport allowance
to blind/ deaf and
dumb/ orthopedically
handicapped
employee
Tiffin/Lunch/Dinner
Allowance
Any other cash Allowance
Non-practicing Allowance
Transport Allowance to
employee other than blind/
deaf and dumb/
orthopedically handicapped
employee
b. Partly taxable allowances or partly exempted allowances under the optional tax regime
(Old Regime)/ Allowances which are fully taxable under default tax regime (New
Regime):
• House rent allowance
• Entertainment allowance
• Special allowance
1. House rent allowance SEC 10(13A):
This allowance is given to an employee to meet the cost of high rent prevailing in different
cities. An employee can claim exemption if he is paying rent HRA received by an employee
is exempt under Sec 10(13A) to the extent of least of the following under old regime:
a. Actual HRA received
b. Excess of rent paid over 10% of salary [i.e., Rent paid – 10% of salary]
c. 50% of the salary if the accommodation is situated in Bombay, Chennai, Delhi &
Calcutta & 40% of salary if the accommodation is situated in other places.
B. Special allowance given to meet the personal expenses under section 10(14)(ii):
• Special compensatory allowance • Underground allowance
• Tribal areas/scheduled areas allowance • High altitude allowance
• Allowance for transport system employees • Island duty allowance
• Children education allowance • Border area allowance:
• Children hostel allowance • Counter insurgency allowance
• Compensatory field area allowance
• Compensatory modified area allowance
Perquisites:
Perquisite may be defined as any casual emolument or benefit attached to an office or
position in addition to salary or wages. It also denotes something that benefits a man by going
into his own pocket. Perquisites may be provided in cash or in kind. Most of the perquisites
will be given in kind. For income tax purpose there perquisites measured in terms of money.
Perquisites are classified into three groups.
➢ Perquisites taxable in the hands of all employees
➢ Perquisites taxable in the hands of specified employees
➢ Tax free perquisites
➢ If the accommodation is situated in a city where the population is more than 10 lakh
but less than or equal to 25 lakh, the taxable value of the perquisite is 10% of the
salary.
➢ If the accommodation is situated in a city where the population is more than 25 lakh,
the taxable value of the perquisite is 15% of the salary.
b. In the case of employer taken the accommodation on lease or rent basis:
In this case the taxable value of the perquisite shall be least of the following:
➢ 15% of salary
➢ Actual rent paid by the employer
Where the accommodation is provided by the employer to the employee in a hotel, the
value of perquisites shall be:
• Where accommodation is provided on his transfer from one place to another, the
period in aggregate not more than 15 days, the value of perquisites shall be taken as
nil
• If the accommodation provided in a hotel, the period in aggregate more than 15 days.
24% of salary
or
Actual amount paid by the employer to hotel is to be taken as value of perquisites
The above value of perquisites is reduced by the amount paid by the employee & balance is
to be taken as value of perquisites.
Meaning of salary = Basic pay + Dearness allowance (as per terms of employment) +
Fees + Bonus + Commission + Taxable portion of allowance +
Monitory values [except perquisites sec 17 (2)]
iv) Any sum payable by the employer through a fund (other than RPF):
Any sum paid by the employer to effect an insurance on the life of the employees is fully
taxable in the hands of all employees.
• If the asset taken on rent, the actual rent paid by the employer is to be taken as value
of perquisites. Reduce the amount paid by the employee.
➢ Car owned or hired by employer, used for partly official & partly personal purposes,
expenses for private purposes incurred by employee:
Rs.600 per month (1600cc/1.6 ltr or less) / Rs.900 per month (above 1600cc/1.6 ltr)
for car & Rs.900 per month for driver. Expenditure recovered from employee is not
deductible.
➢ Car owned by employee, expenses incurred by employer & used for partly official &
partly personal purposes:
Actual expenditure incurred by employer minus expenditure pertaining to official use
minus anything recovered from employee, is taxable in the hands of employee.
Expenditure pertaining to official use can be calculated as per logbook of the car.
Alternatively, expenditure pertaining to official use can be calculated at the rate of
Rs.1800 per month (1600cc/1.6 ltr or less) / Rs.2400 per month (above 1600cc/1.6 ltr)
for car & Rs.900 per month for driver.
a) The taxable value of the medical treatment provided to employees or to the members of
his family at free of cost in a hospital run by the employer should be taken as nil.
b) Any sum paid by the employer in respect of any expenditure incurred by the employee
on medical treatment for himself or members of his family in government hospital or any
approved hospital is exempted.
c) Premium paid or reimbursed by the employer on health policies taken by the employee to
insure the health of employee or members of his family is a tax free perquisite.
d) If the employer reimburses the cost of availing treatment for the employee of members of
his family in any private hospital is exempted up to Rs.15000.
e) If the employer reimburses the cost of availing treatment for the employee or members of
his family outside India the taxability shall be determined as the cost of medical
treatment & stay (for one attendant) reimbursed is exempted up to limit prescribed by
assessing officer or RBI.
2. Leave travel concession
3. Telephone
4. Privilege passes and privilege ticket
5. Perquisites allowed outside India by the Government
6. Employer’s contribution to staff group insurance scheme
7. Annual premium by employer on personal accident policy
8. Refreshment
9. Subsidized lunch: Subsidized lunch provided to an employee during working hours at office
or business premises provided the value of such meal is upto ₹50 (This exemption is
available only for old regime)
10. Amount spent on training of employees
11. Recreational facilities
Provident fund:
The word provident means provide for future. Hence provident fund is a established for
helping an employee in future. Every employee can become a member of this fund. To this
fund there will be a contribution from the employee in every month, which is computed at a
certain percentage on basic pay & DA. A similar amount will also be contributed by the
employer. The total accretion to the fund is eligible for interest at 9.5% pa. The amount so
accumulated throughout the service period will be payable to an employee on his retirement,
which helps him in leading his retired life or legal heirs in case of death of an employee.
The balance of provident fund on any date consists of 4 components they are:
➢ Employee’s contribution
➢ Employer’s contribution
➢ Interest on employee’s contribution
➢ Interest on employer’s contribution
Employees
1 Exempted Exempted Exempted Exempted
contribution
Exempted to
the extent
Employers Does not
2 Exempted 12% of Exempted
contribution arise
employee
salary
Interest on employees
3 Exempted Exempted Exempted Exempted
contribution
Exempted to
Interest on employers Does not
4 Exempted the extent of Exempted
contribution arise
9.5% p.a.
a) Employees
contribution is
exempted.
b) Interest on
employees
contribution is taxable
Lump sum amount Exempted
5 Exempted under the head other Exempted
received on retirement u/s 10(11)
sources.
c) Employer
contribution & interest
thereon all taxable
under the head
salaries.
*******
16 Dr. Vinay H V, Assoc. Professor, BMSIT&M, Bengaluru
Tax Management – 24MBA4F1 MBA 2025-26
Proforma for computation of income from salary as per New Regime under
section 115BAC
Particulars Amount (₹)
i. Basic Salary xxx
ii. Fees/Commission xxx
iii. Bonus xxx
iv. Allowances xxx
a Dearness Allowance (Fully Taxable) xxx
b House Rent Allowance (HRA) (Fully Taxable) xxx
c Children Education Allowance (Fully Taxable) xxx
d Children Hostel Allowance (Fully Taxable) xxx
e Transport Allowance xxx
Less: ₹3,200 per month only in case of blind/deaf and
dumb/orthopedically handicapped employee
f Entertainment Allowance xxx
g Travelling Allowance/ Daily Allowance/ Conveyance Allowance xxx
Less: Exempt if the amount is fully utilized for the purpose
h Other Allowances including overtime allowance, City compensatory xxx
allowance etc. (Fully Taxable)
v. Taxable Perquisites
a Value of rent free accommodation provided to the employee (Refer xxx
Material)
b Value of any accommodation provided to the employee at a concessional xxx
rent (Refer Material)
c Obligation of employee discharged by employer (Refer Material) xxx
d Any sum payable by the employer to effect an assurance on the life of the xxx
employee or to effect a contract for annuity (Refer Material)
e Value of use of motor car (Refer Material) xxx
f Any other perquisite: xxx
1. Provision of services of a sweeper, gardener, watchman or
personal attendant: Actual cost to employer by way of salary paid
or payable for such services (-) amount paid by the employee.
2. Gas, electricity, or water supplied by employer for household
consumption of the employee: Amount paid on that account by the
employer to the agency supplying gas etc. (-) amount paid by the
employee
3. Provision of free or concessional education facilities for any
member of employee’s household: Sum equal to the expenditure
incurred by the employer (-) amount paid or recovered from the
employee.
Where educational institution is maintained and owned by
employer: Cost of such education in similar institution in or near
the locality (-) amount paid or recovered from employee (however,
there would be no perquisite if the value of benefit per child does
not exceed ₹1,000 p.m.)
4. Interest-free or concessional loan exceeding ₹20,000: Interest
computed at the rate charged by SBI as on 1st day of relevant P.Y. in
respect of loans for similar purposes on the maximum outstanding
monthly balance (-) interest actually paid by employee.